高中英语语法真题精讲精练：动词和动词短语总结

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1、 考点剖析-动词和动词短语 考点一：动词词义辨析 例1．Effective measures should be taken to ________ endangered animals to ensure that more species don’t become extinct. A．advocate B．reserve C．accumulate  D．preserve 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该采取有效措施保护濒危动物，以确保更多的物种不会灭绝。A. advocate v. 拥护；B. reserve v. 保留；C. accumul

2、ate v. 积累，积聚；D. preserve v. 保护。结合句意可知，此处是指保护濒危动物。故选D。 考点二：“动词+副词”短语辨析 例2．China is working hard to ________the full potential of higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities. A．take in B．set aside C．bring out  D．give away 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力

3、，加快建设世界一流大学。A. take in吸收；B. set aside搁置；C. bring out使显现，使特点或品质更加突出；D. give away赠送。根据后文“the full potential of higher education”可知，此处指中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力，故选C。 考点三：“动词+介词+名词”短语辨析 例3．The lake has been there for many years. No one knows exactly how and when it ________. A．came into power      B．came i

4、nto being C．came into view  D．came into fashion 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个湖在那里已经很多年了。没有人确切知道它是如何以及何时产生的。A. came into power掌权；B. came into being形成，存在；C. came into view进入视野；D. came into fashion流行起来。根据句意可知，此处是指没人确切知道湖是如何以及何时形成的。故选B。 考点四：“动词+介词”短语辨析 例4．—Peter can’t concentrate on his work rece

5、ntly. —Yes, that might________ why he made a big mistake in preparing for the meeting. A．allow for B．apply for  C．account for  D．call for 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：——彼得最近不能专注于他的工作。——是的，这也许可以解释为什么他在准备会议时犯了一个大错误。A. allow for考虑到；B. apply for申请；C. account for是……的说明；D. call for要求。分析句子结构可知，此空位于情

6、态动词之后，所以使用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“是……的解释”应为account for符合句意。故选C项。 考点五：情态动词用法辨析 例5．—Tony, is that Mr. Black over there? —I knew that he had gone to England. It          be him. A. might   B. could  C. can’t  D. must 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。 might “可能”，表示不太肯定的推测；could “可以”，表示建议；can’t “不可能”，表示否定的推测；must“

7、一定，肯定”，表示肯定的推测。由“I knew that he had gone to England.”可知，布莱克先生已经去了英国，所以不可能是他。情态动词的否定推测应用 can’t。句意：——托尼，那是布莱克先生吗?——我知道他已经去了英国。不可能是他。故答案选 C。 考点六：系动词的用法 例6． —Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what           nice.  —Aha, me too!  A.tastes B. feels        C. looks  D. smel

8、ls 【答案】C 【解析】考查系动词用法。根据前一句提示“我的一些朋友喜欢靠视觉吃饭”可知，此处指他们喜欢点那些“看起来”好看的食物。 真题演练 1．If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A．highlight B．identify  C．ignore D．prevent【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别

9、；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。2．Some parents are just too protective. They want to________ their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined. A．spot B．dismiss  C．shelter D．distinguish 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些父母太过保护孩子了。他们想保护自己的孩子免受各种伤害，不管是真实的还是

10、想象的。A. spot发现；B. dismiss解散；C. shelter保护；D. distinguish区别。根据后文“their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined”指保护孩子免受伤害，应用shelter。故选C。 3．Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A．stayed B．turned  C．grown D．go

11、t 【答案】A 【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。 4．I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I we

12、nt out to buy some. A．made up for  B．run out of C．kept away from  D．got down to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。 5．As the story________, the truth about the strange figur

13、e is slowly discovered.A．begins B．happens  C．ends D．develops 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意："随着故事的发展，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被发现了。begin“开始；happen“发生”；end“结束”；develop“发展”。由后面题干中的“is slowly discoverd”得出该单词应该是一个延续性的动词，而ABC选项均为非延续性动词。故选D。 6．If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop ass

14、istant to reduce the price. A．come across B．care about  C．look for D．focus upon 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让店员降价。come across 发现，碰到；care about 在乎，关心；look for 寻找；focus upon 集中注意力于。根据句意可知，发现了瑕疵，但仍旧想买这两自行车，可以请店员降价。故正确答案为A项。 7．Henry David Thoreau was happy to _______

15、_ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A．judge B．differ  C．withdraw D．benefit 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationshi

16、p with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。 8．Before leaving America, she _____ much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked. A．picked up B．gave away C．put down D．set asid

17、e 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在离开美国之前，她把大部分家具都送给了朋友，并乐意让她们挑选自己喜欢的那件。A.picked up 捡起;B.gave away 赠送;C.put down 放下D.set aside置……于不顾。根据句意，离开美国之前，她把家具“赠送”给朋友。故选B。9．We can't _______buying a new car any longer. The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning． A．put off B．pick up  C．count on

18、D．bear on【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不能再推迟买新车了。我们现有的这辆今天早晨就打不着火。A.put off推迟；B. pick up捡起；C. count on指望；D. bear on对……施加压力，使难以承受。根据下文The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning 可知，我们现有的这辆车今天早晨就打不着火，所以不能再“推迟”买新车了。故选A项。 10．The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circum

19、stances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. A．developed B．established C．observed D．revised 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词的辨析及语境理解。句意：老的规则需要被修改因为它们只适合一百年前制定时的状况。A项表示“培养，发展”；B项表示“建立”；C项表示“观察”；D项正是“修改”之意，because they only applied to 可知它只适用于以前，不适用于现在，需要修订，故选D。 11．As a grassroots singer, sh

20、e reads everything she can ______concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself. A．catch sight of B．get hold of C．take charge of D．make mention of 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。A.catch sight of 看见；B. Get hold of找到某物以供使用；C.Take charge o

21、f控制；D.make mention of提到。根据takes every opportunity to improve herself.可知，，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。故选B。 12．---- Sorry, I have to ______ now. It’s time for class.---- OK, I’ll call back later. A．hang up B．break up  C．give up D．hold up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：—对不起，我不得不挂断电话了，上课的时间到了。—好

22、的，我晚些时候再打过来。A.hang up挂断电话，使…等候；B.break up分解，关系破裂；C .give up放弃；D. hold up举起，坚持，抢劫。根据句意可知前者表示要上课了，必须挂断电话了。故A正确。 13． Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids. A．settle down B．keep off C．get up D．cut in 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的

23、女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. settle down安顿下来；B. keep off远离；C. get up起床；D. cut in插嘴。根据后文get married, and have kids可推知，是安顿下来，故选A。 14．Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires. A．get away B．take over C．set off D．run out【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当米切尔退休的时候，布里格斯将接管总经理的位置。when Mitchell retir

24、es 这是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，而用一般现在时来代替；A. get away离开；B. take over接管；C. set off出发；D. run out用完，耗尽。根据句意，故选B。 15．There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time. A．clarify B．justify  C．satisfy D．classify【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；

25、B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。 16．I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A．drank a toast to  B．played a joke on C．kept an eye on  D．made an apology to 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank

26、a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。 17．We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. A．take up B．carry out  C．keep on D．put off 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词

27、短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。 18．We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking. A．understood B．accepted C．

28、compromised D．declined 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。 19．The company is willing to ______________ the new technology if it can be shown to reduce

29、 production costs. A．look over B．bring in C．put aside D．knock out 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果能够证明新技术能降低生产成本，公司愿意引进。A. look over检查，察看；B. bring in引进；C. put aside把……放在一边，暂不考虑；D. knock out击倒，打破。根据“if it can be shown to reduce production costs.”可知，此处指公司引进新技术，故选B。 20．When people want to expand the

30、ir knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. A．point to B．turn to  C．attend to D．belong to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们想要扩展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于提供有用信息的书籍。A. point to指向；B. turn to求助于；C. attend to照顾；D. belong to属于。由“When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful i

31、nformation.”可知，turn to“求助于”符合句意。故选B项。 21．It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out.A．study B．display  C．deliver D．publish【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个陌生的城市开车时很容易迷路，所以在出发前仔细看一张好地图是很重要的。A. study 细看；B. display展示；C. deliver 投递

32、；D. publish出版。由“It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city，before you set out”可知，study“细看”符合句意。故选A项。22．A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence and creativity.A．resembling B．reflecting  C．reviewing D．restoring 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想

33、的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。A. resembling像；B. reflecting反映；C. reviewing回顾；D. restoring恢复。故选B符合语境。 23．More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy. A．take up B．clear up  C．hold up D．spring up 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：为了满足对清洁能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将会被建立起来。A. take up开始从事，占领，开始干（工作）；B.

34、 clear up整理，收拾，解决（问题）；C. hold up（论点、理论等）站得住脚，阻挡，举起；D. spring up出现，涌现。故选D。24．Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying.A．set aside B．take back C．make out D．keep off 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。A. set aside存储，留出；B. take ba

35、ck收回，拿回；C. make out辨认出，理解，了解；D. keep off（使）避开。根据but可推知，凯特应该是听不清。故选C。25．Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.A．held out  B．brought out C．picked out  D．given out 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：与非洲的医疗团队合作，使她成为最佳医生。A. held out坚持，伸出；B. brought out使显示；C. pi

36、cked out挑出；D. given out分发，用尽。故选B项。26． Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable. A．calls for B．calls on C．calls off D．calls up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. call

37、s off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。 27． Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see. A．indicate B．investigate C．imitate D．innovate 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。

38、 28． It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A．display B．acquire C．teach D．test 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。29． At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but

39、 eventually he _______ as she was so confidence about her skills. A．gave in B．dressed up C．broke in D．turned up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her

40、skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。 30．I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her .A．carry on B．break into C．turn down D．cut off 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.carry on进行；B.break into破门而入；C.turn down拒绝，声音调低；D.cut off切断。根据前文说我太忙了，所以可知是不能进行通话，too...to...，意为“太……而不能……”，故选A。