词汇学之构词法PPT课件

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1、Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,故事时间,欣赏故事,让我们来看不同动物吧,When life offers you a dream so far beyond any of expectations,its not reasonable to grieve when it comes an

2、end.,英语词汇学之构词法,3,构词法(word-formation),4,主要构词法,合成法,派生法,转化法,其它,合成法(compound),一、概念,将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词法称为,合成法,。,二、方法,1.,直接写在一起,bed,room,news,paper,horse,back,2.,用连字符,(-),连接,part,-time,good,-looking,second,-hand,3.,由两个分开的词构成,black,list,black,sea,black,sheep,三、类别,1.,合成名词,2.,合成动词,3.,合成形容词,4.,合成副词和合成代词,5,合成

3、词：,由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词,合成名词,合成副词,合成形容词,合成代词,一、合成名词,1,、名词,+,名词,=,名词,air+port=airport,机场,basket+ball=basketball,篮球,class+room=classroom,教室,silk+worm=silkworm,蚕,2,、形容词,+,名词,=,名词,black+board=blackboard,黑板,brief+case=briefcase,公文包,green+house=green-house,温室,short+hand=shorthand,缩写、速写,3,、动词,+,名词,=,名词,play+gro

4、und=playground,操场,spring+board=springboard,跳板、出发点,pick+pocket=pickpocket,扒手、小偷,break+water=break-water,防洪堤,4,、名词,+,动词,=,名词,sun+shine=sunshine,阳光,sun+set=sunset,日落,sunrise,日出,5,、动名词,+,名词,=,名词,reading-room,阅览室,waiting-room,等候室,living-room,起居室、客厅,sleeping-pills,安眠药,6,、名词,+,现在分词,=,名词,hand+writing=handwr

5、iting,笔迹书写体、书法,on the wall,不详之兆,sight+seeing=sightseeing,观光、游览,7,、动词,+,副词,=,名词,look+out=lookout,瞭望台、瞭望员,set+up=setup,装备,get-together,聚会,walk+out=walkout,罢工、中途离开,8,、副词,+,名词,=,名词,back+ground=background,背景、经历,down+town=downtown,市中心,uptown,住宅区,9,、名词,+,介词短语,=,名词,editor-in-chief,主编,father-in-law,岳父、公公,com

6、rade(,同志,)-in-arms/chief,战友,10,、其他：,good-for-noting,无用之人,go-between,中间人、媒人,touch-me-not,水仙花、高傲的人,二、合成副词,1,、副词,+,副词,furthermore,而且、此外,；,however,然而、无论如何,2,、代词,+,副词,somehow,以某种方式,；,anywhere,在任何地方,3,、副词,+,名词,overhead,在头顶,/,空中,/,高处,；,downstairs,在楼下,4,、形容词,+,名词,anyway,不管怎样、无论如何,；,meanwhile,同时、其间,三、合成形容词,1

7、,、形容词,+,现在分词,good-looking,好看的、漂亮的；,slow-moving,低速的；,easy-going,随和的,2,、名词,+,现在分词,man-eating,食人的；,peace-loving,爱好和平的,3,、副词,+,现在分词,forthcoming,即将到来的；,outstanding,优秀的、突出的,4,、名词,+,过去分词,air-conditioned,有空调装置的；,man-made,人造的、人为的,5,、形容词,+,过去分词,grey-haired,白发苍苍的；,middle-aged,中年的,6,、形容词,+,名词,first-rate,一流的；,se

8、cond-hand,二手的；用过的；,bare-foot,光脚的；,high-class,高级的,7,、副词,+,副词：,faraway,远方的,四、合成代词,1,、,人称代词宾格的第三人称,+,self/selves,himself,herself,itself,themselves,物主代词的一、二人称,+self/selves,e.g.,myself,我自己,yourself,你自己,ourselves,我们 自己,Help yourself.,别客气、请随便用。,Enjoy yourself!,玩得开心！,by myself,单独、独自,I would rather travel.,2

9、,、不定代词：,some,any,no,every+body/one/thing,e.g.,someone,某人；,anything,任何事情,nobody,没有人；,everybody,每人、人人,合成名词,方式,例词,名词,+,名词,football,notebook,sea,food,hand-book.,形容词,+,名词,blackboard,first-class,green house,动名词,+,名词,waiting-room,writing-desk,sleeping bag.,动词,+,名词,pick,pocket,turn-coat,sleep,walker,副词,+,名词

10、,in,come,over,coat,in,land,代词,+,名词,he-goat,she-wolf,名词,+,介词,+,名词,father-in-law,editor-in-chief,动词,+,副词,take-off,breakup,breakdown,副词,+,动词,out,put,down,load,over,flow,16,合成动词,构成方式,例词,名词,+,动词,sleep,walk,water,ski,day,dream,sun,bathe,副词,+,动词,over,come,over,eat,up,load,up,hold,形容词,+,副词,white,wash,quick-

11、charge,black,list,ill-treat,其它方式,blow-dry,spin-dry,17,梦游 滑水 做白日梦 沐日光浴,克服 吃太多 上传 维护,刷白 快速充电 列入黑名单 虐待,吹干 甩干,合成形容词,构成 方式,例词,过去分词或,-ed,词尾,kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born,-ing,词尾,good-looking,easy-going,man-eating,形,+,名或名,+,形,full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new,其它方式,two-hour,out-door,up-hill,see-t

12、hrough,18,好心的 中年的 新生的,好看的 随和的 吃人的,全职的 头等的 冰冷的 全新的,两小时的 户外的 上山的 透明的,合成副词和合成代词,构成方式,例词,合,成,副,词,empty-handed,single-handed,sideways,however,anywhere,downstairs,合,成,代,词,myself,himself,ourselves,someone,anybody,nothing,everyone,19,空手地 单枪匹马地 向一边,然而 任何地方 往楼下,我自己 他自己 我们自己,某人 任何人 没事 每个人,第二部分：派生法(derivation),

13、一、概念,通过加前缀或后缀构成一个新词的方法叫,派生法,。,二、方法,1.加在前 unhappy,impolite,asleep,endanger,2.加在后 actor,hopeless,policeman,imagination,3.既加前又加后 unlucky,disagreement,三、类别,1.,前缀,(一般只改变词义，不改变词性),2.,后缀,(一般只改变词性，不改变词义),20,常见前缀,1,改变词类,构成方式,例词,a.,a-,加在名词前构成形容词或副词,a,sleep,a,board,a,side,b.,be-,加在名词或形容词前构成动词,be,friend,be,witc

14、h,be,head,c.,em-,加在名词前构成动词,em,bark,em,bed,em,power,d.,en-,加在名词前构成动词,en,danger,en,courage,e.,en-,加在形容词前构成动词,en,rich,en,large,en,dear,f.,out-,加在名词或形容词前构成动词,out,smart,out,number,21,睡着的 在船上 在旁边,帮助 蛊惑 砍头,使从事 使嵌入 使能够,危及 鼓励,使富裕 扩大 使亲密,智胜 比,多,常见前缀2构成反义,构成方式,例词,un-,un,able,un,certain,un,happy,un,luckily,un,d

15、o,il-,il,legal,il,logical,il,literate,im-,im,polite,im,possible,im,patient,in-,in,formal,in,dependent,in,justice,ir-,ir,regular,ir,responsible,ir,resistible,dis-,dis,advantage,dis,order,dis,like,22,不能的 不确定的 不幸地 松开,违法的 不合逻辑的 不识字的,无礼的 不可能的 没耐心的,非正式的 独立的 不公正,不规则的 不负责任的 不可抗拒的,缺点 杂乱 不喜欢,常见前缀3特定意思,构成方式,例词

16、,anti-(,反,),anti,war,anti,cancer,anti,pollution,auto-(,自动,),auto,matic,auto,timer,auto-record,bi-(,双,),bi,cycle,bi,noculars,centi-(,百分之一的,),centi,meter,centi,gram,centi,grade,co-(,共同,),co-operate,co-edit,co-exit,down(,向下,),down,stairs,down,hill,down,wards,ex-(,以前的,),ex-wife,ex-lover,ex-husband,fore-(,前部的,),fore,head,fore,leg,fore,arm,full-(,完全,),full-time,full-speed,full-strength,23,常见后缀1名词后缀,后缀,例词,-an,Asian,American,Russian,African,-ance,attendance,performance,assistance,-ation,education,examin