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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,儿童体格生长发育,年龄分期,l.生长发育的指标,.影响生长发育的因素,Age group年龄分期,Human development progresses through a,sequence of events,these landmarks should,occur at approximately the same age.It is,easier to grasp development by focusing on,specific key age group,儿童的生长发育既循序渐进又有阶段
2、性,某些里程碑式的事件应在某一年龄岀,注意关键年龄段更易于把握生长规律。,he fetal period胎儿期40周,The most dramatic events in growth and,development occur before birth.The,transformation of a single cell into an infant,生长发育过程中最令人激动的事件发生在,出生前:单个细胞发育成胎儿。,Embryonic period&wk The rudiments of,all major organ systems have,developed.weight:9g,
3、length:5cm,胚胎期8周各主要器官系统雏形初现。重,量:9克,长度:5厘米。,Fetal period:9-40wk Increase in cell,number and size,structural remodeling,of several organ systems.During the,third trimester,weight triples and,length doubles.Term,weight:3250g,length:50cm.,胎儿期940周细胞数量与体积增加,器官系统结构重组,孕晩期发育迅速:体重增加3倍,身长增加2稻孕未期俸,重平均3250克,身长50
4、厘米,neonatal period4wk新生儿期,Adaptation to extrauterine life requires rapid and,profound physiologic changes,including aeration of the,lungs,rerouting of the circulation,and activation of the,intestinal tract.To obtain nourishment to avoid,hypothermia or hyperthermia,and to ensure,safety,neonates must
5、react appropriately to an expanded,range of sensory stimuli,适应宫外生活时,新生儿在生理上需要经历快速深刻,的家化为长东连,全,新生儿需要对纷繁的外界刺激做出适当的友压,A newborns weight may decrease 10%below,birthweight in the 1st wk as a result of excretion of,excess extravascular fluid and possibly poor,intake.Infants should regain or exceed birthwe
6、ight,by 2wk of age and should grow at approximately,30g/day during the 1st month,生后第一周,由于多余的细胞外液被排出体外及,摄入不足,新生儿的体重会比出生体重减少10%,生后两周时应恢复或超过出生体重,此全满月,体重每日增加30克左右。,Limb moves purposelessly,smiling occurs,involuntarily,eye gazing head turning,and,sucking under conscious control,新生儿有无目的的肢体运动、无意微笑,可凝视及转头,会
7、有意识地吸吮。,Basic trust develops as infants learn that their urgent,needs are meet regularly Infants does not,consistently experience feeding as the pleasurable,reduction of tension often show increased irritability,and physiological instability(spitting,diarrhea,poor,weight gain)as well as behavioral problem,由于基本需求得到规律的满足,新生儿期会建立,基本信任感。饥饿时不能规律地体验到嘿快乐,的婴儿,常显示烦躁不安和生理不适吐了腹,泻,体重不增)及行为障碍。,
儿科儿童生长发育课件
