大学英语六级写作辅导1

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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,,*,,,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,,*,,84,School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University,,大英六级作文辅导,1,maggie,大学英语六级,写作辅导,1,,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 m

2、inutes to write a short essay entitled,Due Attitude Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese,. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.,,近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文的现象。,,出现这种现象的原因和后果。,,为了改变这种状况，我认为,……,评分重点项目,,关联词,,同义替换（词汇,+,句型）,,代词替换,,内容：不跑题,六级写作改卷分析,CET,作文题采用总体评分（,Global Scoring,）方法

3、。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（,Reward Scores,）,,,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。,大纲解读：两大黄金原则,一、卷面整洁、书写工整、,,语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位：,,,二、语言,基本正确， 无重大语法错误,,句式丰富多变（词汇,+,句型）,段落分布,段数：,3-4,,段落结构：总分总,,主题句：翻译提纲，作出评论,1-2,句,,论证：,2,句,,小结：,1,句,,30,分钟的合理安排,,5,（审题和构思）,+ 20,（正文）,+ 5,（检查）,,,***不建议打草稿，时间和空间不足,,*** 可以写出一些关键词和大纲来,,*** 最后五分钟要自查硬伤,---,检查语

4、法错误，,,连接错误，标点符号等。,,***不要改内容了！,Vary (,变化、多样,),原则,,,熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟；,,写作是一门主观性很强的考试， 一篇文章虽然规定了作文的题目和提纲，但是具体内容却是可以酌情处理变化的。,,低分作文的特征,语法错误多,,Chinglish,,没有句式结构,写作常见错误分析,五种尤其容易犯的错误,,1-,时态错误,,Many people thought,[j1],that the Internet,will,,be,more useful in the future.,,,[j1],thought→think,单复数错误,Wise man,[

5、j1],seek,[j2],opportunities rather than wait for them.,,,[j1],wise man,前面应加上,a/the,,单数可数名词不可单独存在，要么加限定词，要么变复数,,,[j2],seek,应改为,seeks,代词错误,We can use computers in doing everything you,[j1],like,,,[j1],you→we,,If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you,[j1],alone.,,,[j1]

6、,,两个,you,都改成,us,冠词错误,Horse is an useful animal.,,Horse,前面应加上,a/the,,An,应改为,a,词性错误,从,1999,年到,2002,年该国出生率呈现逐渐,,下降趋势。,,From 1999 to 2002, the country possessed,,a _______ (gradual) _______ (increase),,trend in birth rate.,,---gradually increasing,词性错误,大家都应该认识到肥胖的危害。,,Every one should be conscious of,,t

7、he dangers of _______ (fat).,,---fatness/obesity,写完整的英文句,典型错误一：,,Jinjin holding the torch as if that is her life.,,,I look forward to holidays. For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas.,,2.,要有一定程度的省略,典型错误一：,,Tibet was a part of China, Tibet is a part of China, and Tibet will always be a part of China

8、.,,省略要正确,典型错误二：,,China Yao always has and will always do his best to win the games.,,--China Yao has always done and will continue to do his best to win the games.,3.,句号一定要用对,Jay Chou’s newly released movie ’ Kungfu Dunk’ has hit the cinema, I am going to see it tomorrow.,,---Jay Chou’s newly releas

9、ed movie ‘Kungfu Dunk’ has hit the cinema and I am going to see it tomorrow.,中层次作文水平,语法错误时有出现,,内容不够,,结构性词汇不够明显,如何拓展思路？,事物发生背后的本质到底是什么？,,人是有需求的动物，需求取决于得到了什么，还缺少什么。,,马斯洛需求层次理论,（,1943,年在,《,人类激励理论,》,）,1.,生理需求,2.,安全需求,,3.,感情需求,4.,尊重需求,,5.,自我实现的需求,,只要是人，每做一件事情都可以从里面找到千丝万缕的根源。,万能理由,1,、方便：,convenient/conven

10、ience,,2,、效率：,efficient/efficiently/efficiency,,3,、经济（节省和浪费,),：,save time/money/space; economical, thrift,,waste time/money/space; costly, lavish,,4,：心理（情感、乐趣、喜爱，憎恶）,&,成就感（荣誉自信、动力、压力）,,5.,健康,healthy, disease, strong, strength,,,energetic,万能理由,5,、娱乐：,colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, relax,,ente

11、rtainment, tired, boring, lonely,,6,、环境：,environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty,,7,、安全和危险：,safe, danger, risk,,8,：经验：,experience, social experience, enter the,,society,,9,、人际：,humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom,,,freely,,10.,国家（民族、社会、公益、）,-,练习一、,住在大城市的好处和坏处,,The reason why I prefer to live

12、in the big cities is that there are more job opportunities, education opportunities and better living conditions in the big cities than in the small towns.,disadvantages,But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city,

13、,（,Example 3,）有人认为大学生做兼职工作很有好处；,The reason why I prefer to live in the big cities is that there are more job opportunities, education opportunities and better living conditions in the big cities than in the small towns.,有人认为大学生做兼职工作弊多利少,However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has

14、 more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may fin

15、d it hard to adjust to what the college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies. 1 h,高分作文,词汇准确多样,,句式复杂有力,,2,个注意点,写作中两类避免使用的单词,,,口语词：,You know, well,,hey man, what up?,,gonna wanna,,生僻词,14,分作文的,词汇亮点,Although honesty is believed to

16、be a,virtue,, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell,fake product,to their,consumers,; some students cheat in the exams.,,,,评论： 这个句子当中有一些闪光词：,,,1,）,fake product,假冒产品。,bad product;,,,2,）,consumer,。,,buyer,。,,,3,）,virtue,用的也很好。,8,分的作文,In our modern social l

17、ife, there,are,many examples around us,show,[j1],many,people,are,cheated,. Advertisements,cheat,,people,, salesmen,cheat,,people,, even one's closest friends,cheat,,him or her.,,people,→,consumer,或,customer,。这些词就马上有了闪光点,,第二个,cheat,→,fool,。第三个,cheat,→,lie to,,[j1],Showing that,用词准确多样,一、准确性,,在图表类作文中要经

18、常表达“,…,有很大的增长”， 很多人会写成,---a big increase.,,请注意,big,→,a sharp increase.,,注意收集以下三种搭配。,,adj+n: a sharp increase,,v+n: make a mistake, commit a crime,,,v+adv: expand sharply/dramatically,多样性,-,用同义词替代,例,1: A,对,B,很重要,.,,,A is important to B.,,A plays an important role/part in B.,,A is of importance to B.

19、,,B cannot live/develop/grow/survive without A.,,A is to B what the foundation is to a skyscraper /water is to fish.,,A is essential/significant/crucial/critical/vital to B.,,The importance of A to B can never be denied/ ignored/ exaggerated.,例,2,,，不同国家不同背景的人在不同场合有着不同的观点。,,→,Different,people with,di

20、fferent,personal backgrounds in,different,countries have,different,opinions on different occasions.,,,Different,在不同场合的同义词有,unlike,、,dissimilar,（不同的，不一样的），,distinct,、,separate,（个别的，单独的），,various,、,assorted,（各种各样的，多样的），,这句话可以改为：,→,Different people with unlike personal backgrounds in various countries

21、have varying opinions on changed occasions.,,这个句子用了这么多,“,不同的,”,，也实属罕见。其实类似意思还可以写成：,,People’s opinion differ/vary/diverge as to …,例,3,：如今，越来越多的人将越来越多的时间花在了看越来越多的电视节目上,Nowadays,，,more and more,people are spending,,more and more,leisure time watching,more and more,,,television programs,.,,more and more

22、 → a rising / increasing / growing number of,，,,more and more → a lion’s share of,（,最大的份额,）,,more and more →a kaleidoscope of,,(,万花筒一般的,),例,四、,First-year,students may encounter discouraging problems when they enter universities on the very first day. For example,,first-year students,are very likely

23、to get lost as to where,first-year students,can find cafeterias.,,these new-comers,→,these freshmen,→,they,,使用上义词或代词避免重复,上义词就是表示类概念的词，,,下义词表示属概念，,,之间的关系是：下义词属于上义词,,creature: human, man, woman, child...,,,animal...,,,,plant,,使用上义词或代词避免重复,The,flower,blooms inside the greenhouse, but the,flower,withers

24、 when the,flower,is put outside.,,,第二个,flower,→,上义词,plant,，,,第三个改为,it.,尽量使用书面语,写作时，同样的意思，可能有很多表达方法，如果能够在所有可能的同义词的词群中挑选出更有难度的词，拔高用词等级，毫无疑问可能得到更好的分数。,词汇高级化范本,The,development,of 21,st,century has,seen,a,big,change in social, cultural and technological,fields,.,,The,advent,of 21,st,century has,witnessed

25、,a,profound,change in social, cultural and technological,arenas,.,例,1,：,He broke the window in his,anger,.,,,他一怒之下砸碎了窗户。,,anger→rage → fury,，表达就更加丰富了，而考官也会觉得你用词比较讲究，毕竟,rage, fury,是大学以上的词汇了。,例,2,．,Your suitcase is rather,heavy,-what have you got in it?,你的手提箱很沉，里面都放了些什么啊？,,heavy,在,weighty,面前就是小儿科了，更不用

26、说,ponderous,了，意思是“笨重的”，读音是“胖得要死”，刚好联想法记住。,例,3,．,It is a very,cold,night.,这天晚上很冷。,,cold→freezing,（滴水成冰的）→,icy,（冰冷的）、,frosty,（冷得冻人的）。,,但用大词一定注意要精准，不然要闹笑话了,,最常用的,36,组单词,1,认为：,,,,Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced,,be firmly convinced, be fully convinced,

27、,优势,：,,,Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength,最常用的,36,组单词,2,重要的,：,,Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative,,急剧地,：,,Dramatically,，,drastically,，,sharply,，,hugely,，,enormously,，,steeply,，,substantially,，,considerably,，,significantly,，

28、,markedly,，,surprisingly,，,strikingly,，,radically,，,remarkably,，,vastly,，,noticeably,锦上添花的句型,被动优先,,句子复杂（定从，状从）,,一个强调,,一个倒装,,一个虚拟,被动优先,当汉语用“人们、我们或有人”作主语,,We should take effective measures,,to stop various forms of pollution.,,→ Effective measures should be taken,,to stop various forms of pollution.,汉

29、语中的无主句,,What should one do in a case like this?,,→What should be done in a case like this?,如何拓展句子？,当我们把词汇的问题解决了之后呢，我们必然面临到一个问题就是句子总也写不长。你老用简单句没有错。但是如果一点复杂句都没有那么肯定不会有高分,,1995,年,6,月,--Firecrackers Be Banned?,添加法,,我毕业于交通大学：,,I graduated from Jiaotong University,,S,＋,V,结构的简单句， 怎么办？,,I graduated,with hon

30、ors,from Jiaotong University,,one of the most prestigious universities in China,.,英语句子写作的基本思路：,将中文信息还原为简单朴实的基本结构,,→按英语结构完成英语→按照英语修饰习惯进行扩展。,拉长主谓宾，加上定状补,例：,I love you.,,I,,,,love you.,,I,,,,love you,,.,,I,,,,,,love you,,.,,I,,,,with all my heart and soul,,love you,,,,whose eyes are filled with love an

31、d encouragement, Mom.,练习一,The firm gave Sam a watch.,,The,well-established American trading,firm,generously,gave Sam,,a sixty-year-old gray-haired electrician,, a,gold,Swiss watch,on his retirement.,,那家声誉卓著的美国贸易公司在六十岁的,Sam,退休的时候慷慨地将一块金质瑞士手表赠给了这位头发花白的电工。,练习二,In,New Oriental School,I learned my,Englis

32、h,.,,→In New Oriental School ,,the biggest language training center in China,, I learned my English,,essential in both modern life and in our jobs,.,练习三,,people,prefer to live in the,big cities,.,,→,Increasing number of,people prefer,,badly,to live in the big cities,because they can provide people w

33、ith better living conditions,Jeff was shocked,Jeff was,deeply,shocked,by the news that one of his students is going to get married with a black man born in a rich family, with her expectation to immigrate to Africa.,用定语从句,定从的无限魅力,The,girl,is a senior student.,,She,is elected as the ‘Campus Beauty’ i

34、n ZJGSU,.,定从,The girl,, who is elected as the ‘Campus Beauty’ in ZJGSU,,is a senior student.,,定语从句,The students are from,Bodybuilding Club,.,,Bodybuilding,Club is the best club in the university.,,The students are from Bodybuilding Club of ZJGSU,，,which,is the best club in the university.,状语从句,希望至少有

35、：,,Because,,When,,Although,,So…that,状语从句,兼职对全日制学生有用，因为他们不但能赚到钱，而且还可以获得职业经验。,,Part-time jobs are useful for full-time students because they not only earn money but also gain career experience.,,介词,With,1.With,表伴随状态：,,Premier,Wenjiabao,again visited Hunan,,with,state television showing pictures of him

36、 telling provincial officials to do all they could to restore power and other services.,练习,1,Jet Li is a super star.,,Many of his movies,are,popular in the world.,,Jet Li is a super star,，,with many of his movies popular in the world.,,练习,2,刘翔站在天安门广场上，手持火炬。,,Liu Xiang is standing on the Tiananmen sq

37、uare,,with,,the,Olympic torch in,his,hand.,,Liu Xiang is standing on the Tiananmen square,,Olympic torch in hand.,练习,3,一位美女从我身边经过，面带微笑。,,A beauty passed by, with a smile on her face.,,,他开车发生了事故，造成了至少,5,人死亡。,,He had an car accident, with at least five people dead.,主谓分割,Seattle is a garden city,,with

38、one of the,most delightful climate in the world,,,Seattle,，,,with one of the most delightful climate in the world,，,is a garden city.,,练习,Jet Li,,with many of his movies popular in the world,, is a super star.,,,Liu Xiang,,with,,the,Olympic torch in,his,hand, is standing on the Tiananmen square,,分词伴

39、随,1. doing,,2. done,,Doing,和,done,做伴随状语的使用区别,doing,和,done,做伴随状语,Seeing my friends yelling and demonstrating, I can’t help tearing.,,,Seen stealing in a store, he thought he was going to be caught.,,We were touched by the teacher’s words. We decided to work hard.,,→,__________by the teacher’s words,

40、 we decided to work hard.,,I didn’t receive her letter. I had to write again.,,→,,Not ______ _______ her letter, I had to write again.,易犯错误,5,岁的时候，我爷爷去世了。,,,Being,5 years old, my grandfather passed away,.,造句,从他的外表，我知道他是民工。,,Judging from his outlook, I know he is one of the migrate labor.,,倒装句子是亮点,加分

41、句型（掌握,3,种倒装）,,1.so…that,倒装（全倒装）,,I,,am,,so hungry,that I could eat a horse.,,So hungry,,am,,I,that I could eat a horse.,So…that,倒装 练习,食物因为通货膨胀而如此之贵，我只能每天吃食堂。（通货膨胀：,inflation,）,,Food is so expensive because of inflation that I could only afford,food,in Dinning Hall.,,So expensive is food because of i

42、nflation that I could only afford,food,in Dinning Hall.,2.only,倒装,(,部分倒装）,Only,by learning our own history and presenting it in a convincing manner,can we,make the western media realize the injustice they do to China.,2.only,倒装 练习,只有通过天天练习才能学好英语。,,English can be learned well only by daily practice.,

43、,Only by daily practice can English be learned well,,特实用的,only,Only in this way/under successful control / special circumstances / after careful considerations can we…,,只有,……,我们才能,…,（,常用于解决问题型的作文,）,,Only under successful control can we minimize the negative impacts and maximize positive impacts.,3.

44、,句首否定词倒装,(,部分）,No , not, seldom, never, little, hardly,,At no time, in no case , in no way;,,Not until , not only ;,强调句型,It is …that…,,It is/was+,人,+more than anyone else who,,It is/was+,物,+more than anything else that,虚拟语气,A: If I were ……, I would +,动词原形 意思是如果我是,……,，我会,…….,,B: It is high time that +,一般过去时 意思是,……,已经刻不容缓了。,,这两个句型基本每篇文章都能用到，而且基本都在最后一段。,