历史学专业英语05-Marxist_Historiography课件

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1、Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Marxist Historiography,Dr Mark J Crowley,MJC83LIVE.CO.UK,Marxist HistoriographyDr Mark,Background,In capitalist countries,always connected to,opposition,Became popular in the 1960s

2、,History of society,1930-1970:British Marxists(the,Annales,),BackgroundIn capitalist countr,Basic ideas,Capitalism oppresses the proletariat.,The proletariat are the majority of the worlds population,They work for the benefit of the bourgeoisie,Basic ideasCapitalism oppresse,Classical Marxism,Econom

3、y was central to everything,Explanation for the collapse of capitalism,Political change linked to economic change,Classical MarxismEconomy was c,Karl Marx,Das Kapital,Karl Marx,Das Kapital,Karl Marx,German philosopher and political economist,Concerned with the alienation and exploitation of the work

4、ing class,Opposed capitalist production,and historical materialism.,Class struggle,“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”.,Communist Manifesto,(1848):,Karl Marx German philosopher a,Historical Materialism,“Society does not consist of individuals,but expresse

5、s the sum of interrelations,the relations within which these individuals stand.,Karl Marx,Grundrisse,1858,Historical Materialism“Society,Friedrich Engels,The Condition of the Working Class in England,Friedrich Engels,The Conditi,Friedrich Engels,19th century German political philosopher,Worked with

6、Marx,Shared like views of philosophy and socialism,Wrote,Die heilige Familie,(,The Holy Family,).,The French deported Marx from France in January 1845,Engels and Marx moved to Belgium,Friedrich Engels 19th century,Marx and Engels,In 1847,they began writing,The Communist Manifesto,(1848),March 1848,B

7、elgium expelled them-moved to Cologne.,Published,Neue Rheinische Zeitung,a politically radical newspaper.,Marx and Engels In 1847,they,Marx and Engels,1849 deported from Germany and went to London,British Prime Minister Lord John Russell refused to expel them,even though Prussia wanted them to.,Marx

8、 and Engels 1849 deported,Marxs ideas about development,Primitive Communism,Slave Society:,tribal progression to city-state;Aristocracy is born.,Feudalism:,aristocrats are the ruling class;merchants evolve into capitalists.,Capitalism:,capitalists are the ruling class,who create and employ the prole

9、tariat.,Marxs ideas about development,Marx ideas about development,Socialism:,workers gain class consciousness,proletarian revolution to depose the capitalist dictatorship of the bourgeoisie,dictatorship of the proletariat established,the means of production can be realized.,Communism:,a classless a

10、nd stateless society.,Marx ideas about developmentSo,The proletariat,“those individuals who sell their labour power,and who,in the capitalist mode of production,do not own the means of production”,Bourgeoisie will exploit the proletariat,Workers labour generates a value greater than the workers wage

11、s.,The proletariat“those individu,Bourgeoisie,“own the means of production”,buy labour power from the proletariat,Exploit the proletariat,Petit bourgeoisie employ labourers,but who also work,Marxism predicts that the petit bourgeoisie would be destroyed,Bourgeoisie“own the means of p,Others,Lumpenpr

12、oletariat,:criminals,vagabonds,beggars-sell their labour to the highest bidder.,Landlords,:an historically important social class who retain some wealth and power.,Peasantry,and,farmers,:a disorganised class incapable of effecting socio-economic change,OthersLumpenproletariat:crimi,Marxism 2:Histori

13、ans Today,Dr Mark J Crowley,E-mail:MJC83LIVE.CO.UK,Marxism 2:Historians TodayDr,Main principles,Progression based on development,base and superstructure,Conflict between social classes,A science of society,Main principlesProgression bas,European Feudal System,European Feudal System,Applying the theo

14、ry,Production was central,Revolution needed to change this,Socialism as the end point,A scientific theory,“science,applied with full understanding to all fields of human activity”August Bebel,Applying the theoryProduction,European Class System,European Class System,Impact of war,Influence of the Ind

15、ustrial Revolution(19,th,century),Success of Russian Revolution(1917),Collaboration with French social scientists(1920s)Marc Bloch and the,Annales,Impact of warInfluence of the,Marxism in Britain,Became popular in Britain with threat of Fascism,society as a whole,History as a science?,Why and how so

16、cieties changed,Marxism in BritainBecame popul,British Marxist Historians,Communist Party of Great Britain(1946)and disbanded in 1956-7(crisis of Communism),Society for the Study of Labour History(1960),Built on the work of Tawney and Cole,British Marxist HistoriansComm,Famous historians,Thorold Rogers,GDH Cole,Eric Hobsbawm,E P Thompson,Raphael Samuel,Christopher Hill,Famous historiansThorold Roger,What did they want to do?,social history of Britain,Challenge the prevailing accounts,Look at the