2020年广西民族大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷

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1、2020年广西民族大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%)Section A: Multiple choice (20%)Directions: There are 20 multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Your advice would be _ valuable to him, who is at present

2、at his wits end.A. exceedinglyB. excessivelyC. extensivelyD. exclusively2. The English 1anguage contains a (an)_ of words which are comparatively seldomused in ordinary conversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude3. If you plant two orange trees in one square yard of land, the trees pr

3、oductivity _decline.A. is related toB. is determined toC. is unlikely toD. is bound to4.Game pie was a (an)_ of this famous restaurant.A. singularityB. particularityC. specialtyD. originality5.From the editorial we can gain a clear _ of the worlds thought.A. prospectiveB. perspectiveC. prospectD. pr

4、osperity6.John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages _ in the dictionary.A. missingB. losingC. droppingD. leaking7.His long service with the company was _ with a present.A. admittedB. acknowledgedC. attributedD. accepted8. The young man was accused of possessing _ weapons.A. dea

5、dB. dyingC. deadlyD. deathly9. Parents are apt to blame schools for the educational _ of their children.A. boundariesB. confinementsC. restraintsD. limitations10. All the information we have collected in relation to that case _ very little.A. adds up toB. makes up forC. puts up withD. comes up with1

6、1. _ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As12._, Henry felt a great weight taken off his mindA. His duty was fulfilledB. His duty fulfilledC. His duty fulfillingD. His duty had been fulfilled13.Only in growth, reform and

7、change, paradoxically enough, _ to be found.A. true security canB. can true securityC. true security isD. is true security14. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practicalvalue by the time they were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostC. mightD. ought to have

8、 lost15. We didnt find _ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.A. worth their while B. its worth C. it worthwhile D. it worth16. _ I like to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students papers and theses.A. As far asB. So farC. In so far asD. Much as17. The professor can har

9、dly find sufficient grounds _ his argument in favor of the new theory.A. which to base onB. on which to baseC. to base on whichD. which to be based on18. _ was a well-known fact.A. That their team being weakB. Their team as being weakC. As their team was weakD. That their team was weak19. The people

10、 is to the peoples army _ water is to fish.A. whatB. thatC. asD. so12. _ people and objects in this frontier painters works are often presented in a flat, abstract manner.A. If always able to recognizableB. While always recognizableC. Always can be recognizedD. Although can be recognizedSection B:Pr

11、oofreading and Error Correction (10 %)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.To live, learn and

12、work successfully in an increasing complex and information-rich society, students must be able to use technology effectively. Within an effective educational setting, technology can enable students to become able information users and effective users of productivity toolsParents want their children

13、to graduate with skills that prepare them to either get a job in todays marketplace and advance to higher levels of education and training. Employers want to hire employees who are honest, reliable, literary, and able to reason, communicate, make decisions, and learn. Communities want schools to pre

14、pare their children to become good citizens and productive members of society in a technological and information-basing world. National leaders, the U.S. Department of Education, and other federal agencies admit the essential role of technology in 21st century education.The challenge facing Americas

15、 schools is the empowerment of all children to function effectively in their future, future marked increasingly with change, information growth, and evolving technologies. Technology is a powerful tool with enormous potential for paving high-speed highways from outdated educational systems to system

16、s capable of providing learning opportunities, to better serve for the needs of 21st century work, communications, learning, and life. Technology had become a powerful catalyst in promoting learning, communications and life skills for economic survival in todays world. Educational leaders are encour

17、agedto providing learning opportunities that produce technology-capable students.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.Part II. Reading Comprehension (50%)Section A: (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of th

18、em there are four choices mark A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write our answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1What makes cells age? Wear and tear, yes. But biologically, says Dr. David Sinclair, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, it is lack of oxygen that signa

19、ls cells that it is their time to go. Without oxygen, the energy engines known as the mitochondria become less efficient at turning physiological fuel like glucose into the energy that the cells need to function. Eventually they shut down.But in a paper published in the journal Cell, Sinclair and hi

20、s colleagues describe for the first time a compound naturally made by young cells that is able to make older cells energetic and youthful again. In an experiment in mice, the team found that giving older mice a chemical called NAD for just one week made 2-year-old-mice tissue resemble that of 6-mont

21、h-old mice (in human years, that would be like a 60-year-olds cells becoming more like those belonging to a 20-year-old).As animals age, says Sinclair, levels of NAD drop by 50%; with less of the compound, the communication between the cell and its mitochondrial energy source also pauses occasionall

22、y, and the cell becomes easily hurt from common aging attacks inflammation， muscle wasting and slower metabolism. By tricking the cell into thinking it is young again, with adequate amounts of NAD, aging can theoretically be reversed.His next step is to put NAD in the drinking water of his mice, and

23、 see if they take longer to develop the typical chronic diseases linked to aging, such as inflammation, muscle wasting and cancer. The pathway may become an important target for cancer researchers as well, since tumors typically grow in low-oxygen conditions and are more common in older patients.Bec

24、ause NAD is a naturally occurring compound that simply declines with age, Sinclair is optimistic that boosting its levels in people wont have as many significant negative effects as introducing an entirely new compound might. If a body is slowly falling apart and losing the ability to regulate itsel

25、f effectively, we can get it back on track to what it was in its 20s and 30s, he says.31. What will not make cells age?A. Oxygen.B. Wear and tear.C. Lack of oxygen.D. Less physiological fuel.13. What is the function of mitochondria?To produce physiological fuel.To turn physiological fuel into energy

26、.To create oxygen in peoples body.To produce cells.14. What do we know about NAD?It is an artificial compound.It is made of young cells.It can revive older cells.It can be made in one week.15. What will happen as animals become older?Communication between cells disappears.Levels of NAD nearly drop b

27、y half.The metabolism of the cell becomes faster.Their cell becomes vulnerable to common aging attacks.16. Why does Sinclair think boosting levels of NAD wont cause many negative effects?Because NAD is an entirely new compound to humans body.Because NAD can resist chronic diseases linked to aging.Be

28、cause NAD has been successfully tested on mice.Because NAD naturally occurs in humans body.Passage 2Catastrophic volcanic eruptions in Europe may have culled Neanderthals to the pointwhere they couldnt bounce back, according to a controversial new theory. Modern humans, though, squeaked by, thanks t

29、o fallback populations in Africa and Asia, researchers say.About 40,000 years ago in what we now call Italy and the Caucasus Mountains, which straddle Europe and Asia, several volcanoes erupted in quick succession, according to a new study to be published in the October issue of the journal Current

30、Anthropology. Its likely the eruptions reduced or wiped out local bands of Neanderthals and indirectly affected farther-flung populations, the team concluded after analyzing pollen and ash from the affected area. The researchers examined sediments layer from around 40,000 years ago in Russias Mezmai

31、skaya Cave and found that the more volcanic ash a layer had, the less plant pollen it contained.“We tested all the layers for this volcanic ash signature. The most volcanic-ash-rich layerlikely corresponding to the so-called Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, which occurred near Napleshad no tree pollen

32、 and very little pollen from other types of plants,” said study team member Naomi Cleghorn.“Its just a sterile layer. The loss of plants would have led to a decline in plant-eating mammals, which in turn would have affected the Neanderthals, who hunted large mammals for food.“This idea of an environ

33、mental cause for the Neanderthals demise has been out in the literature. What were trying to do is point out a specific mechanism, said Cleghorn, an anthropologist at the University of Texas, Arlington.Other theories propose that modern humans played a vital role in the fall of the Neanderthals, eit

34、her through competition, warfare, or interbreeding. If the volcanoes theory is correct the Neanderthals end was much more tragic: dying slowly in a cold and desolate landscape bereft of food sources. Its hard to say what would have been like to be the last few groups out there, seeing other groups l

35、ess and less over the years, Cleghorn said.The Neanderthals were a hardy species that lived trough multiple ice ages and would have been familiar with volcanoes and other natural calamities. But the eruptions 440,000 years ago were unlike anything Neanderthals had faced before, Cleghorn and company

36、say. For one thing, all the volcanoes apparently erupted around the same time. And one of those blasts, the Campanian Ignimbrite, is thought to have been the most powerful eruption in Europe in the last 20,000 years. Its much easier to adapt to something thats happening over a couple of generations,

37、 Cleghorn said. “You can move around, you can find other places to live, and your population can rebound. This is not that kind of event, she said. “This is unique.There may also have been small bands of Homo sapiens living in Europe at the time, Cleghorn said. They too would have been affected by t

38、he eruptions. But modern humans likely avoided extinction because they had larger populations in Africa and Asia, she said, while most Neanderthals were in Europe around that time. “With their small population groups, Neanderthals did not really have a great source population, Cleghorn said. “They d

39、idnt really have the numbers and the density to rebuild their populations after the eruptions.The researchers acknowledge that there are gaps in the volcanoes theory. For instance, the time line needs to be better defineddid the volcanic eruptions occur in a period of months, years, or decades? “At

40、this point, its impossible to pin down a reliable date for the eruptions, Cleghorn said. “We cant say that this eruption happened 50 years before the next eruption. We just dont have that kind of resolution. Its also unknown exactly how long it took the Neanderthals to die outor how long after the e

41、ruptions modern humans began settling Europe in force, she said.Anthropologist John Hoffecker, though, suggests that modern humans had already begun crowding out Neanderthals in Europe long before the eruptions in question. Judging from discoveries of modern-human artifacts in former Neanderthal str

42、ongholds, Hoffecker said, Neanderthals were clearly in trouble well before 40,000 years ago, because modem humans were occupying certain places, such as Italy, where Neanderthals had been present. So something clearly had gone wrong there. Perhaps, he added, the volcanic eruptions just dealt the fin

43、al blow. Im not entirely convinced thats the case either, said Hoffecker, of the University of Colorado. “But at least thats a plausible scenario thats consistent with the chronology. Study co-author Cleghorn counters that the modern human populations living in Europe 40,000 years ago were small and

44、 isolated, and only after the Neanderthals were gone did Homo sapiens populations explode. If modern humans were making any forays into European Neanderthal territory prior to this, they were doing it only on the very margins, Cleghorn said. What was keeping them from moving very quickly into the he

45、art of Europe? We think Neanderthals were still holding their own and might have held out for much longer,if it hadnt been for the devastating impact of these eruptions.36. What does “bounce back mean in the first paragraph?A. Leap suddenly. B. Recover from a terrible situation.C. Refuse to accept.D

46、. Come back after being refused.37.What is the relation between Homo sapiens and modern human beings?The word Homo sapiens is used to refer to modern human beings as a species.Homo sapiens are the ancestor of modern human beings.Modern human beings are a branch of Homo sapiens.Homo sapiens are a bra

47、nch of Modern human beings.38.According to the volcanoes theory, which of the following is NOT the reason for Neanderthals extinction?The loss of plants caused by volcano eruption led to a decline in plant-eating mammals as well as Neanderthals.The number of Neanderthals decreased due to modern huma

48、ns competition, warfare, or interbreeding.The lack of food sources led to the extinction of Neanderthals.The Neanderthals were unfamiliar with and unprepared for volcanoes and other natural calamities.39. We can learn from the fifth paragraph all the followings EXCEPT thatA. The Neanderthals had onc

49、e survived several ice ages and were experienced in coping with volcano eruptions.B. The extinction of Neanderthals resulted from a succession of volcano eruptions.C. The volcano eruption happening 40,000 years ago was the most powerful one in the history.D. Neanderthals could not adapt to the sudde

50、n change of their surroundings.40. The volcanoes theory cannot convince everyone because.A. there are gaps in the volcanoes theory and the time line is not clearly defined B. modern humans had not yet spread into the heart of EuropeC. modern humans were not as experienced as Neanderthals in coping w

51、ith natural calamityD. the population of Neanderthals was much larger than that of modern humansPassage 3If only the same could be said of electric bills. The price of U.S. solar power has dropped a whopping 70 percent since 2009, even as panels get smarter.The figure, cited in a report this week fr

52、om Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, coincides with SolarCitys debut on Friday of what it calls the worlds most efficient rooftop solar panel. The largest residential solar installer in the U.S. says its module can produce 38 percent more power than a standard one, yet costs less to produce pow

53、er.Not bad for an industry that had no large-scale U.S. presence just a decade ago. Photovoltaic panels currently contribute only about 1 percent of all electricity, but lower costs are helping fuel the expansion of large, utility-size projects.As historic UN climate talks near, solars latest stride

54、s are key in the worldwide race to slash carbon emissions by paring back dependence on fossil fuels.“It is quite remarkable and exciting when you have this amount of growth, and an industry goes from basically being a hobby to a mainstream industry, says Peter Rive, SolarCitys co-founder and chief t

55、echnology officer. (Rives cousin and SolarCitys chairman, Elon Musk, is also seeking to boost solars appeal to utilities with his recently launched Tesla battery system.)The companys new panel takes solar a step further to be a cheaper energy source without requiring federal incentives such as the i

56、nvestment tax credit, Rive says.That credit currently returns 30 percent of a solar systems cost to the buyer. Its looming expiration at the end of next year has lent urgency to the industrys efforts to bring down prices. The Berkeley Lab report predicts a frenzied pace of construction over the next

57、 15 months.Contracts to buy power from large-scale solar projects average 5 cents per kilowatt hour, according to the report, while electricity prices on the wholesale market run from 3 cents to 6 cents per kilowatt hour.The plunging cost of solar hasnt translated to lower electric bills so far: in

58、most region seven ones with big solar plantspeople are paying a bit more for power than they did a few years ago, because many different factors go into determining retail electricity rates. Rather, the trend means more of that power might be coming from carbon- free sources that are less subject to

59、 the price shocks of fossil fuels.“While its difficult to make a direct cost comparison between new solar projects and existing fossil fuel power plants, says report co-author Mark Bolinger, “Solar is getting to a point where it can compete with coal and natural gas for electricity in some places.“J

60、ust a few years ago, that was much more of a stretch, he says.The falling price of power from large-scale solar projects reflects the lower cost of building them. The report notes that cost fell by more than 50 percent between 2009 and 2014. At the same time, solar farms have seen a “notable improve

61、ment” in how much power they put out, thanks to better technology.SolarCity is aiming to apply its own gains in efficiency and cost to the residential market when it begins production at its l-gigawatt facility in Buffalo, New York, in early 2017. Its new rooftop pane, which earned a rating of 22.04

62、 percent efficiency in a third-party certification test, surpasses an earlier record set by SunPower, which has a high-efficiency model rated at 21.5 percent.Another trend Bolinger called “encouraging”: Solars reach is expanding. Most development has been centered in the Southwest, but Bolinger says

63、 big solar power contracts are cropping up in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, and Georgiastates that “havent seen much solar development in the past to speak of.Of course, prices wont keep tumbling so steeply in the years ahead. What we might see instead, Bolinger says, is that the market for solar will just continue to expand.41.The following statements are the reasons for the dro