上海牛津英语初中八种时态详解

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1、 教学目标：了解各种时态的意义、构成以及用法，会在做题中进行运用教学重点：八种时态的用法教学难点：八种时态之间的联系和区别教学过程：1、时态讲解2、时态题目练习3、事态辨析4、家庭作业（中考真题练习）初中英语八种时态归纳复习 一、一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home .(二)构成 主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。(三)句型 1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。 She reads English every

2、day . 2、否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+谓语+其他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ?（三）用法 1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , s

3、ometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 3、当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时

4、来表示将来要发生的动作。Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。（四）动词第三人称单数

5、形式变化规则 1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改

6、为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is一般现在时练习题1）用动词的适当形式填空1.I like _ (swim). 2.He _(read) English every day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning. 4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping. 6.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_(make) a model pl

7、ane. 8.Do you _(like)_(run)?9.Does he_(like)_(jump) ? 10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?2）用所给的人称改写句子1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)二、一般过去时（一）

8、结构 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/ were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行为动词didnt+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayedwentvisited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要

9、在主语后面，动词的前面加didnt，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。I was in Shanghai last year . I wasnt in Shanghai last year .Was you in Shanghai last year ?He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式 1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday .I went to

10、 the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主语+wasnt 或werent+其他。 主语+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday .I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？ Did +主语+V原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？ Wher

11、e were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法 1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等连用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano . 2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 When I was a child ,

12、I often play the football in the street . 3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。 He said he wouldnt go if it rained .（四）动词过去式的规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不规则动词表Infi

13、nitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could动词过去式的记忆口诀动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单

14、, 主语之后didnt添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。一般过去时练习题一、写出下列动词的过去式1look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5.hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10. are 11. go 12. have 13. do 14. get e 16. say二、Fill in the blanks. 1. _ she _(sing)a song last night?2. -Were there any people in t

15、he room? (作否定回答) -_, _ _nobody.3. -_(be) they at work this morning? -Yes. They _ (have)a meeting together.4. -_ Joe _ (do)well in the long-distance running? -Yes, he _.5. Where _ Tinas Family_(go)last Summer? -They _ (go)to New York for their vacation.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturd

16、ay.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mot

17、her _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday 10. 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）结构1、由will +动

18、词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为wont 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。（三）用法 1、表

19、示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year）， this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by， soon 等连用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you wont be late next time . 2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless

20、等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .一般将来时练习题一、单项选择( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to wo

21、rking D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day

22、 after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -_. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you

23、arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have

24、 C. had D. would have二、动词填空1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. -How long _ you _（study）in our country? -I _（plan）to be here for about one more year. -I _（hope）to visit the other parts of your country. -What _ you _（do）after you _（leave）here? -I _（return）home and _（

25、get）a job.3. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a present.5. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.四、过去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如：When I though

26、t about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。 过去将来时练习题

27、I. 选择填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney Wor

28、ld the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would takeC. takes D. will takeII. 用所给动词的

29、适当形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future.5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.五、现在进行时（一）结

30、构 由 Be(amisare) 动词ing 构成。（二）用法1、表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。 Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room . 2、表示一种渐进的过程。My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English

31、. 3、与always , all the time , forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不

32、满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。4、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。 She is leaving for Beijing next weak .My friend is coming for dinner .（三）句型 1、肯定句：主语+ be(amisare) 动词ing +其他。 I am studying

33、 now . 2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词ing +其他。 I am not studying now . 3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词ing +其他？ Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isnt . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词ing +其他？ What are you doing now ? （四）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法： 1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。 liv

34、e-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing 。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting 4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying现在进行时练习题一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_lov

35、e_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .现在进行时态提高题一.填空题1Mr Zheng _ (read) a book now.2. The

36、 rabbits _ (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John _ (swim).4. My brother _ (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus _ (stop).6. We _ (have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is_(come).8. They _(catch) butterflies now.9. He _ (do) an experiment now.10. They _(collect) stamps now.六、过去进行时（一）结构 由

37、was/were+动词-ing构成。（二）用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 My family were watching TV at this time yesterday . 注意：（1）以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 When

38、he called me , I was having dinner . （2）以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当的时候，同时”。 Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .过去进行时练习题一、用动词的适当形式填空1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us.2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.3. Jim _ (jump) o

39、n the bus as it _ (move) away.4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off. 5. She _ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _ (all, work) in the fields.二、 选择题1.I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, r

40、ang2.He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3.While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearingc. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4.They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a.

41、were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5.What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, sawc. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing七、现在完成时（一）含义 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。e.g. I have lost my

42、 wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。) Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。) He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)（二）结构 助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。（三）句型 1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。 I have studied English for 5 years . 2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。 We

43、 havent been there . 3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ Has he eaten that apple ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法 1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。 e.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, rece

44、ntly, lately等：e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen

45、 only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。e.g. Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to

46、 release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has bee too much rain this year. The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。e.g. Thomas

47、has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.) 6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。e.g. We have had four texts this semester. 现在完成时中的时间状语：already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句

48、尾，表示惊讶。例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如： Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ No, not yet. 是, 还没有。ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发

49、生过什么事。never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I havent ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。 just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from schoo

50、l just now.他刚才从学校回来。for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。 注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havent seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。 have/

51、 has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来 have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了 have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。 Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?区分短暂性动词与持续性动词. 表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时

52、间连用.短暂性的动词如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成时态中不能与for,since短语或How long等引起的时间状语连用。瞬间动词不能直接与for，since 连用，要改变动词为延续性动词。瞬间动词转换为延续性动词：buy - have borrow - keeparrive/ come- be in /at leave -away (from)join-be a member of/be indie- be dead get up - be upget married- be married go there - be therebegin/start- be

53、on stop- be overopen - be open现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ： 一般过去式：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。 现在完成时：为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的联系，对现在的影响。一般过去时强调过去发生的动作或状态，与现在没有联系。现在现在一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如： I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have