定语从句 (3)

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1、定语从句定语从句 u定义定义u相关概念相关概念：先行词；关系词及其分类u形成过程及其位置形成过程及其位置u巩固练习巩固练习u关系代词应用的问题关系代词应用的问题u定语从句的定义v在英语中，在英语中，如果如果修饰修饰 或限制一个名词或代词或限制一个名词或代词的成分是一个从句，这样的从句就叫定语从句。的成分是一个从句，这样的从句就叫定语从句。一般说来，在句子起修饰或限制作用的都是由一般说来，在句子起修饰或限制作用的都是由形容词充当，故定语从句又称为形容词充当，故定语从句又称为形容词性从句。形容词性从句。eg The computer that I bought in Nanjing this su

2、mmer works wonderfully.相关概念相关概念：先行词；先行词；关系词及其分类关系词及其分类v先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（组）。v关系词：连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用的词。v关系词的分类：根据关系词在定语从句的作用可分为：关系词关系词关系代词关系副词that,which(先行词指物时)that,who先行词指人时when时间：状语 where地点；状语 why原因；状语（在从句中做主、宾、表）（在从句中做主、宾、表）关系限定词 whose 在从句中限定另一名词。u形成过程及其位置形成过程及其位置定语从句一般由两个简单句构成。形成过程大致如下：先通读两个句子，确定其

3、表达的中心意思句子定为主句。另一句则为从句。再观察，找出两个句子指同一物或人的词。主句中的该词为先行词。将表达次要意思句子中的指同一人或物的词换成相应的关系词。将关系词移至该句句首。成为从句。把从句放在先行词之后。完成。The book is very interesting.I happened to get it in the bookstore yesterday.先通读两个句子，确定其表达的中心意思句子定为主句。另一句则为从句。再观察，找出两个句子指同一物或人的词。主句中的该词为先行词。将表达次要意思句子中的指同一人或物的词换成相应的关系词。book itI happened to g

4、etin the bookstore yesterday.itthatis very interesting.(that)I happened to get in the bookstore yesterdayThe book将关系词移至该句句首。成为从句。把从句放在先行词之后。完成。u关系代词应用的问题关系代词应用的问题一、只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况：先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,something等。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰。先行词被the only,the very,th

5、e same,the last 等修饰。先行词既有人又有物时。二、只能用which引导定语从句的几种情况：介词之后，指物。指人用whom。非限制性定语从句中。Eg：1.All that we have to do is to practise every day.2.The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3.I have read all the books(that)you lent me.4.He is the only person that I want to talk to.5.The building in

6、which there is a machine is workshop.6.I have lost my pen,which I like very much.三、三、as引导定语从句引导定语从句as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作定语、表语或状语，构成the same as,suchas等结构。as引导非限制性定语从句。as在从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句是说明整个句子，它可以放在主句之前。四、关系代词四、关系代词 which和和as 在定语从句中的区别：在定语从句中的区别：which-从句不能放在句首，而as-从句则能；在句中时，as 有“正如”、“就象”之

7、意，而 which 则没有。eg：I like the same book as you do.(as作宾语)I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作状语)I want to have such a dictionary as he has.（as作宾语）As we know,he studies very hard.(as作宾语)As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.(as作主语)定语从句高考点例析指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who cam

8、e to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.()6.I like the person to whom you just talked.()7.We shall never forge

9、t the days(that)we spent together.()8.We shall never the days when we lived together.()定语介宾宾语状语考点一：that和which以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词

10、修饰时，用用that。e.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.考点一：考点一：that和和which3.先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，修饰时，用用that。e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.4.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。e.g.We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5.5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用

11、定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用thatthat。e.g.A plane is a machine that can fly.考点二：连接词考点二：连接词which的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be goo

12、d,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.itbb考点三：介词考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词*“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 2.He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,most

13、 of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which DD关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about wh

14、ich Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定4.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用一部分时，可用“数词数词/代词代词 +of+of+关关系代词系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前的介

15、词的确定关系代词前的介词的确定5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.The s

16、un gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?考点四考点四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行

17、词是时间的先行词是时间名词，名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。句中做状语。e.g.1.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when 2.It was an exciting moment for these people this year,_ for the first time their team won the World Cup.A.th

18、at B.while C.which D.when考点五：考点五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.2.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the sam

19、e plan as you.Go on Please!3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之，反之则用则用which。e.g.She has married again,as was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.Go on please!4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用一般要用which作主语。

20、作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?the one3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.to4.July 1,1999 is the day when well n

21、ever forget.whichCorrect the sentences:5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)Correct th

22、e sentences:9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11.We heard the news which our team won the game.12.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ that_ that _whyit_Correct the sentences:13.Those at the desk

23、 want to buy tickets write down your names.14.That was the reason because she looked old.15.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.aswho_giveswhyCorrect the sentences:17.It is the one of the best films

24、 that have been shown recently.18.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19.Which is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sky.20.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.that_hasAsthat_Correct the sentences:21.Einstein is such a great scientist that

25、we must learn from.22.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.23.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24.The bike by which I travelled was his.as_Whose_that_on_u巩固练习巩固练习Multiple choice:1.I shall never forget those years _I lived in the country with the farm

26、ers,_ has a great effect on my life.A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who2.Wilma became the first America woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track,_made her mother very proud.A.it B.that C.which D.this3.Can you tell me the name of the factory _you visited last week?A.what B.in tha

27、t C./D.whenB C C 4.I dont like the way _you speak to her.A./B.which C.in that D.of which5.The most important thing _we should pay attention to is the thing _I have said.A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that6.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _none of us h

28、as ever heard of.A.which B.who C.whom D.that7.He never reads anything_is not worth reading.A.which B.as C.who D.that8.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A.that B.which C.as D.itA D D D C 9._was expected,he failed in the exam.A.That B.As C.Which D.It10.I can never forget the day _ we w

29、orked together and the day _ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when11.The children climbed up the hill,_they picnicked.A.on its top B.on the top of it C.on whose top D.on the top of that 12.I still remember the day _I first came to the college.A.on which B.in which C

30、.at which D.which13.They will never forget the day _ they got married.A.that B.which C,in which D.whenD C A A B 14.He makes good use of the time _he can spare.A.when B.that C.in that D.in which15.The factory _ his mother works is in the east of the city.A.that B.which C.on which D.where16.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A.which B.where C.what D.in which17.That is the reason _he wasnt here yesterday.A.why B.which C.on which D.in which18.That is the reason _ he cant say.A.why B.which C.what D.in whichD A A B B Thats all for today.GGo oo od d-b by ye e!