F S Fitzgerald

《F S Fitzgerald》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《F S Fitzgerald（59页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Jazz Age:F.S.Fitzgerald(1918-1929)Jazz AgeCoined by Fitzgerald in Tales of the Jazz Age 1918-1929theendofWorldWarIandthestartoftheRoaringTwentiestheriseoftheGreatDepressionThepassageof19thAmendmentin1920givingwomentherighttovote.Prohibitionoftheproduction,sale,andconsumptionofalcoholicbeverages,1920

2、-33.JazzmusicandflappersDissatisfiedanddisappointedinlife,indulginginsocialexcitement,moralstandardscollapsingCultural Context:1920sn WorldWarInTheRoaringTwentiesnTheJazzAgenTheNewWomannProhibitionnGamblingnTheAutomobile World War Inthelostgeneration.nmaketheworldsafefordemocracynthewartoendallwarsn

3、Soldiersgotinvolvedinthewar:dontwanttosacrifice,selfcentered,donttrustscience,government,humanity,begintoquestionGodThe Roaring TwentiesnWhilethesenseoflosswasreadilyapparentamongexpatriateAmericanartistswhoremainedinEuropeafterthewar,backhomethedisillusionmenttookalessobviousform.nAmericaseemedtoth

4、rowitselfheadlongintoadecadeofmadcapbehaviorandmaterialism,adecadethathascometobecalledtheRoaringTwenties.Daisy the main character from The Great Gatsby,exemplified the traits of a flapper woman from the“roaring twenties”Jazz Age.Cover illustration,Life magazine,February 18,1926,showing a well dress

5、ed old man dancing with a flapper Source:Library of Congress American MemoryThe Jazz AgenThemusiccalledjazz,promotedbysuchrecentinventionsasthephonographandtheradio,sweptupfromNewOrleanstocapturethenationalimagination.nImprovisedandwild,jazzbroketherulesofmusic,justastheJazzAgethumbeditsnoseattherul

6、esofthepast.Coined by Fitzgerald in Tales of the Jazz AgeLouie Armstrong was one of the most famous musicians of the Jazz Age.Portrait of Louis Armstrong,Aquarium New York:1946Source:Library of Congress American MemoryLouie Armstrong was one of the most famous musicians of the Jazz Age.Portrait of L

7、ouis Armstrong,Aquarium New York:1946Source:Library of Congress American MemoryProhibitionnThe18thAmendmenttotheConstitution,orProhibition,whichbannedthepublicsaleofalcoholicbeveragesfrom1919untilitsappealin1933.nSpeak-easies,nightclubs,andtavernsthatsoldliquorwereoftenraided,andgangstersmadeillegal

8、fortunesasbootleggers,smugglingalcoholintoAmericafromabroadProhibition was a key component of the Jazz Age.Prohibition BustSource:Library of Congress American MemoryGambling nAnotherganglandactivitywasillegalgambling.nPerhapstheworstscandalinvolvinggamblingwastheso-calledBlackSoxScandalof1919,inwhic

9、heightmembersoftheChicagoWhiteSoxwereindictedforacceptingbribestothrowbaseballsWorldSeries.The AutomobilenThemostconspicuousstatussymbolofthetimewasaflashynewautomobile.nAdvertisingwasbecomingthemajorindustry,andsoonadvertiserstookadvantageofnewroadwaysbysettinguphugebillboardsattheirsides.nBoththea

10、utomobileandabizarrebillboardplayimportantrolesinThe Great Gatsby.The New WomannAmongtherulesbrokenweretheage-oldconventionsguidingthebehaviorofwomen.Thenewwomandemandedtherighttovoteandtoworkoutsidethehome.nSymbolically,shecutherhairintoaboyish“bob”andbaredhercalvesintheshortskirtsofthefashionablet

11、wenties“flapper.”WomensfashionsandhairstylesweredaringandrevealingduringtheJazzAge.Womenbegantoexpressthemselves.Thiswastheearlystagesofthefeministmovement.Images Source:Microsoft Office ClipartF.Scott FitzgeraldThemirroroftheexcitingageinalmosteveryway.Zelda in 1924Dominant influences on FSFvAspira

12、tion;vLiterature;vPrinceton University;vZelda Sayre Fitzgerald;vAlcoholLife Experiencesn24 September 1896 Birth of Francis Scott KeyFitzgeraldinSt.Paul,Minnesota.nOctober 1909 Publication of“The Mystery of theRaymondMortgage”,FSFsfirstappearanceinprint.nSeptember 1913FSFentersPrincetonUniversitywith

13、Classof1917nFebruary 1919 FSF discharged from army.PlanningtomarryZeldaSayre.n26 March 1920PublicationofThis Side of Paradise.n3 April 1920MarriageofFSFandZeldaSayre.n10 April 1925PublicationofThe Great Gatsby.n21 December 1940FSFdiesofheartattack.Major WorksoThis Side of Paradise(1920)oFlappers and

14、 Philosophers(1920)oThe Beautiful and Damned(1920)oTales of the Jazz Age(1922)oThe Great Gatsby(1925)oTender Is the Night(1934)oThe Last Tycoon(1941)Subjectsnthemoodandmannersofhistimenwithhisownlife,hisloveandpainnWithromanticpartiesIntensesentimentnlove,hate,loyalty,anddisloyaltytemperamentandstyl

15、eofPoet and DreamersnexquisiteobservationFascinatingbeautyinordinarysituationsnAdoublevisionoftheJazzAge,bothaninsider and an outsiderAmericanDreamnaparticularinterestintheupper-class society.spokesmanofthe Jazz Age,Dollar Decade,1920s The Great Gatsby(1925)Different Editions“Letlifebebeautifullikes

16、ummerflowersanddeathlikeautumnleaves.”NickMrs.WilsonMr.WilsonTomJordanDaisyGatsbyonethreefivefourtwoI.Plot summaryII.American DreamnTheAmerican DreamcanbedescribedasabeliefinsomesortoffreedomthatallowsallcitizensandresidentsoftheUnitedStatesofAmericatoachievetheirgoalsinlifethroughhardwork.nIthasalw

17、aysbeenafragileagglomerationof(1)individualfreedomofchoiceinlifestyles,(2)equalaccesstoeconomicabundance,and(3)thepursuitofsharedobjectivesmutuallyadvantageoustotheindividualandsociety.American Dream:Various aspectsnEarly immigration:The“land of opportunity”nindividual freedomnself-reliancenequality

18、 of opportunityncompetitionnmaterial wealthnhard worknAbsent morality,virtue,and substance,the American Dream becomes about materialism.III.Symbols of The Recurring ImagesnColorsnEyesorVisionnWastelandnSunlight/ShadowsnDeathnTimeThe Valley of Ashes nItrepresentsthemoralandsocialdecaythatresultsfromt

19、heuninhibitedpursuitofwealth.nItalsosymbolizestheplightofthepoorThe Eyes of Doctor T.J.Eckleburg napairoffading,bespectacledeyespaintedonanoldadvertisingbillboardoverthevalleyofashes.nTheymayrepresentGodstaringdownuponandjudgingAmericansocietyasamoralwasteland.Symbolization:ColorsnColorsaffectthemoo

20、dandemphasizetheimportanceofeventsinanovel.Theconceptofcolorsymbolismisprominent.Yellow(gold),white,andgreenaffecttheatmosphereofscenesthroughassociationwithaspecificmood.nColoraddstotheemotionofsituations.Thecolorisawaytocorrelateeventstocreateacommonmeaning.Color:GoldChapter 1Thefrontwasbrokenbyal

21、ineofFrenchwindows,glowingnowwithreflectedgold gold.Chapter 51)AnhourlaterthefrontdooropenednervouslyandGatsbyinawhiteflannelsuit,silvershirtandgoldgold-coloredtiehurriedin.2)Hisbedroomwasthesimplestroomofall-exceptwherethedresserwasgarnishedwithatoiletsetofpuredullgoldgold.3)Daisyadmiredthisaspecto

22、rthatofthefeudalsilhouetteagainstthesky,admiredthegardens,thesparklingodorofjonquilsandthefrothyodorofhawthornandplumblossomsandthepalegoldgold odorofkiss-me-at-the-gate.Chapter 6“Andifyouwanttotakedownanyaddressesheresmylittlegoldgoldpencil.”nItsymbolizesadesireforwealth,andoldmoney.nRichpeopleare“

23、rotten”inside,likeDaisies.But“noveauriche”peoplearealsoyellow(gold)inside,likeGatsby.nHegainedhisfortunethroughdealingswithcrime.Andthisisanexampleshowsathemeofdeathofthe“AmericanDream”.nTheimmoralpeoplehaveallthemoney,and,accordingtothe“AmericanDream”,moneyshouldbearewardforhonestyandhardwork.Analy

24、sis of“Gold/Yellow”WhiteChapter 1Theonlycompletelystationaryobjectintheroomwasanenormouscouchonwhichtwowomenwerebuoyedupasthoughuponananchoredballoon.Theywerebothinwhitewhiteandtheirdresseswereripplingandfluttering.“Ourwhitegirlhoodwaspassedthere.Ourbeautifulwhitewhite-”Chapter 3Dressedupinwhitewhit

25、eflannelsIwentovertohislawn.Chapter 4Shedressedallinwhitewhite andhadalittlewhitewhiteroadsterandalldaylongthetelephoneranginherhouse.Chapter 7DaisyandJordanlayuponanenormouscouch,likesilveridols,weighingdowntheirownwhitewhitedressesagainstthesingingbreezeofthefans.What color is a daisy?1)“Ourwhiteg

26、irlhoodwaspassedtogetherthere.Ourbeautifulwhite”(DaisyandJordan)2)“Highinawhitepalacethekingsdaughter,thegoldengirl.”(Daisy)3)“Whenwepulledoutintothewinternightandtherealsnow,oursnow(theendofthenovel).Whitesymbolizespurity,innocence,androyalty,butFitzgeraldusedthiscolortounderlinetheinsideofthewealt

27、hypeople.Thisinnocenceisjustasurface;theycovertheirdarksidebehindit,likeDaisy.Hernamesymbolizesaflower:itspetalsarewhite,butitsinsideisyellow,notaspureaswhite.Daisyisfragilelikeaflower,butdeepinsideher,sheisalmostevil.Sheevenkillsaninnocentperson,Tomsmistress.Theupperclass.Daisy,Tom,andJordanare“old

28、money”people.Theywearwhiteclothes,liveinwhitehouses,buttheyareimmoralinside.GreenChapter 1InvoluntarilyIglancedseaward-anddistinguishednothingexceptasinglegreengreenlight,minuteandfaraway,thatmighthavebeentheendofadockChapter 4Sittingdownbehindmanylayersofglassinasortofgreengreenleatherconservatoryw

29、estartedtotown.Chapter 5Gatsby:“Youalwayshaveagreengreenlightthatburnsallnightattheendofyourdock.”NowitwasagainagreengreenlightonthedockChapter 7Inthesunlighthisfacewasgreengreen.Chapter 9“inthegreengreenlight,theorgasticfuturethatyearbyyearrecedesbeforeus.”Analysis of“Green”“Green”standsfor“notfade

30、d”,likein“agreenoldage”,orforhope.Gatsbyisa“newmoney”person,sohelivesinagreenhouse,surroundedbygreenlawn.Hehasahopeofrepeatingthepast,whatisanotherthemeinthenovel.The“greenlight”issymbolicofGatsbyslongingforDaisyandtheothermatters:money,success,acceptance,andDaisy.Nicktalksaboutthegreenlightattheend

31、ofthebookwhichconnectsthegreenlighttoallpeople.Everyonehassomethingthattheylongandsearchforthatisjustoffinthedistance.Other ColorsnSilverrepresentsjewelleryandrichness.Themoonormoonlightorthestarsareoftensilver:thesilverpepperofthestars;Themoonhadrisenhigher,andfloatingintheSoundwasatriangleofsilver

32、scales;Asilvercurveofthemoonhoveredalreadyinthewesternsky“.nRedassociatedwithlive,joy,love,shame,andrage.nTheinsideofBuchananshomeisinred.Wewalkedthroughahighhallwayintoabrightrosy-coloredspace“The Death of GatsbynWhymusthedie?Itisevitable.HerepresentedAmericanDreamwhichwasexplainedbymoney.nHisdeath

33、meanshelosteverything,hismoney,socialstatue,so-calledfriends(Nicknotincluded)nTheclashofthesociety,nobodycouldescapethetragicresult,theonlyconsequenceisdeathandeverythingwasgonewiththewind.The Death of Mr.WilsonnThestruggleoflowlaborclass.nLivinginfiercesocialsurvivalcompetition.nMakinglivingatAshhe

34、apswhichisanunfavoriteplaceonhalfwaytotheirdreamlandNewYork.However,hecouldnevergetthere,onlyhiswifebymeansofotherunusualway.nHewasdesperate.nHehadtodie.Hewasamemberofthelowerclasswhichwouldfirstgounderwhenthesocietycrashed.Itisakindoftragedy.nThat was a dying society,even God could do nothing with

35、it but watch its fall.nDeath is the only solution of perdition of dream 尔今死去侬收葬，未卜侬身何日丧?侬今葬花人笑痴，他年葬侬知是谁?试看春残花渐落，便是红颜老死时；一朝春尽红颜老，花落人亡两不知!葬花词IV.Characters:Main ProtagonistsnDaisy:Alazy,stupid,crazyaboutmoney,dishonest,changeablebutverybeautifulgirl,theunrealisticdreamofGatsby.nTom:Ainsolent,conceited,

36、despicableplayboy.nGatsby:AsympatheticwithgreatdesireofthegreatloveforDaisy.The main characters1.Jay Gatsby2.Tom Buchanan3.George Wilson4.Myrtle(Mrs.Wilson)4.NickDaisy3.NickHecondemnedtheSpiritualwilderness,Immorality,VanityAndcrueltyoftheAmericanupperClass.HeexpressedhisGreatSympathyfortheTragicdea

37、thofGatsby.nNarratornClassmate TomnNeighbor GatsbynCousin Daisy Jay GatsbynJames Gatz（before17）-BorninpoornPlatonic(柏拉图)conception-hewasasonofGodnJay GatsbynMoneydreamhardworkingillegalway(bootlegger;millionaire)nLovedream(winDaisyback)failednRise from bed.6:00 AMnDumbbell exercise and wall-scaling.

38、6:15-6:30nStudy electricity,etc.7:15-8:15nWork.8:30-4:30 PMnBaseball and sports.4:30-5:00nPractice elocution,how to attain it.5:00-6:00 nStudy needed inventions.7:00-9:00ScheduleGeneral resolvesnNowastingtimeatShaftersnNomoresmokingorchewingnBatheveryotherdaynReadoneimprovingbookormagazineperweeknSa

39、ve$5.00(crossedout)$3.00perweeknBebettertoparentsNoblecharacter:hardworking,honest,persistent,innocentTom Buchanannanarrogant“oldmoney”(aristocraticbully)nthehusbandofDaisyn“Itwasabodycapableofenormousleverageacruelbody.”nRepresentativeoftheAmericanupperclass(Spiritualwilderness,immorality,vanityand

40、cruelty)DaisynDaisy:awhiteflowerwithayellowcentrenLikestowearwhitedress-Beautifulandcharmingninlovewithmoney,easeandmaterialluxury.(“Hervoiceisfullofmoney.”)-fickle,shallow,boredandsardonicWilsonnamechanicandownerofagaragelocatedattheedgeofthevalleyofashes.nthecuckoldedhusbandofMyrtle“Hewashiswifesm

41、anandnothisown.”nThemandeterminedGatsbysfate.MyrtlenGeorge Wilsons wifenTom Buchanans mistress.nA dream of being Cinderella(灰姑娘灰姑娘)Important Quotations Explained(1)1.Ihopeshellbeafoolthatsthebestthingagirlcanbeinthisworld,abeautifullittlefool.2.Hehadoneofthoseraresmileswithaqualityofeternalreassuran

42、ceinit,thatyoumaycomeacrossfourorfivetimesinlife.Itfaced,orseemedtoface,thewholeexternalworldforaninstantandthen concentrated on you with an irresistibleprejudiceinyourfavor.Itunderstoodyoujustasfar as you wanted to be understood,believed inyouasyouwouldliketobelieveinyourself.Important Quotations E

43、xplained(2)3.ThetruthwasthatJayGatsby,ofWestEgg,Long Island,sprang from his Platonicconceptionofhimself.HewasasonofGodaphrasewhich,ifitmeansanything,meansjustthatand he must be about His Fathersbusiness,the service of a vast,vulgar,andmeretricious beauty.So he invented just thesort of Jay Gatsby tha

44、t a seventeen year oldboy would be likely to invent,and to thisconceptionhewasfaithfultotheend.West Egg and East EggnWestEggrepresentsthenewlyrich,JayGatsbyandNickCarraway,istolerant,open-minded,quiet,andagoodlistener,theexactoppositeofDaisyandTomwhoarefickle,shallow,andsometimesboredwiththeirwealth

45、.nTomandDaisyarecapableonlyofcrueltyanddestruction;theyarekeptsafefromtheconsequencesoftheiractionsbytheirfortressofwealthandprivilege.Explanation:Class DistinctionOneoftheidealsofAmericandreamwasfreeofclassdistinction;thateverypersonhastheopportunitytobewhomevertheyhopetobe.Itisalmostasifthereareun

46、spokenlawsunderstoodbylowandhighclassedindividualsalike.Thoserichandnot-sorich,commonandreputed,youngandold,singleandmarriedpeoplecametoGatsbyshouse.ItshowsthewealthofGatsbyandthecorruptionofthesociety.V.Point of viewn(1)Theyoungpeoplebelievedinthe1920s,theso-called“AmericanDream”isfalseinnature.n(2

47、)Criticaloftherichandtheintegratingeffectsofmoneyontheemotionalmake-upofhischaracter.n(3)Moneybroughtonlytragedyandremorse.Wealthalteredpeoplescharacters,makingthemmeananddistrusted.n(4)Hisnovelsfollowapattern:Americandreamlackofattractionfailureanddespair.VI.StylenHisproseissmooth,sensitive,andcomp

48、letelyoriginalinitsdictionandmetaphors.nItssimplicityandgracefulness,itsskillinmanipulatingtherelationbetweenthegeneralandthespecificrevealhisconsummateartistry.VII.EvaluationnFitzgeraldsclear,lyrical,colorful,wittystyleevokedtheemotionsassociatedwithtimeandplace.nThechiefthemeofFitzgeraldsworkisaspirationtheidealismheregardedasdefiningAmericancharacter.Anothermajorthemewasmutabilityorloss.nAsasocialhistorianFitzgeraldbecameidentifiedwiththeJazzAge:“Itwasanageofmiracles,itwasanageofart,itwasanageofexcess,anditwasanageofsatire,”hewroteinEchoes of the Jazz Age.