海上无线电（GMDSS）通信业务TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES

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1、GMDSSTELECOMMUNICATIONSERVICES2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongThislectureisaboutGMDSSservicesanditincludesmaterialscomingfrom:ITURadioRegulations(www.itu.int)ITU,headquarteredinGeneva,SwitzerlandisaninternationalorganizationwithintheUnitedNationsSystemwheregovernmentsandthepriv

2、atesectorcoordinateglobaltelecomnetworksandservices.Itincludesthreesectors:radiocommunicationsector,standardizationsectoranddevelopmentsector.TheITU-Rplaysavitalroleinthemanagementoftheradio-frequencyspectrumandsatelliteorbits,finitenaturalresourceswhichareincreasinglyindemandfromalargenumberofservi

3、cessuchasfixed,mobile,broadcasting,amateur,spaceresearch,meteorology,globalpositioningsystems,environmentalmonitoringand,lastbutnotleast,thosecommunicationservicesthatensuresafetyoflifeatseaandintheskies.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSOLAS(International Convention for the Saf

4、ety of Life at Sea(SOLAS),1974)Chapter IV-RadiocommunicationsTheChapterincorporatestheGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetySystem(GMDSS).Allpassengershipsandallcargoshipsof300grosstonnageandupwardsoninternationalvoyagesarerequiredtocarryequipmentdesignedtoimprovethechancesofrescuefollowinganaccident,inclu

5、dingsatelliteemergencypositionindicatingradiobeacons(EPIRBs)andsearchandrescuetransponders(SARTs)forthelocationoftheshiporsurvivalcraft.RegulationsinChapterIVcoverundertakingsbycontractinggovernmentstoprovideradiocommunciationservicesaswellasshiprequirementsforcarriageofradiocommunicationsequipment.

6、TheChapteriscloselylinkedtotheRadioRegulationsoftheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSTCW(International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers,1978)Shipstationmanagementrules2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTan

7、gxuhongProducebyTangxuhongTheassessmentsarenotfarawayfromnowanditTheassessmentsarenotfarawayfromnowanditwillbeheldinaroundwillbeheldinaround12th12thweekinthemiddleofthisweekinthemiddleofthissemester.semester.Therewillbetwoassessments.oneisinChineseTherewillbetwoassessments.oneisinChineseheldbyMariti

8、meAdministrationandanotherisinheldbyMaritimeAdministrationandanotherisinEnglishprovidedbyme.Englishprovidedbyme.Youhavetoworkhard.Youhavetoworkhard.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongChapter 1 Introduction to the GMDSS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongLearning

9、objectives to be achieved in this chapter:TohaveangeneralperspectiveofGMDSS.ToknowwhatarefourGMDSSseaareasA1,A2,A3,A4andcorrespondingshipequipmentcarriagerequirements.TounderstandwhatarenineGMDSSfunctions.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS&SAFETY SYSTEMIn

10、1979,the International Maritime Organization decided In 1979,the International Maritime Organization decided to up-grade the existing communications system to to up-grade the existing communications system to incorporateincorporate new technologiesnew technologies available which would available whi

11、ch would significantly significantly improveimprove the safety of life at seathe safety of life at sea .The GMDSS Entered fully in Force(1st February 1999)(The GMDSS)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongVesselsaffected:AllpassengervesselsThe Global Maritime Distress&Safety System(GM

12、DSS)Cargo vessels of 300 grt and above on international voyages2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongThe“old”Systemas per theas per theInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at SeaInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS)1974(SOLAS)19742 major systems:Mor

13、setelegraphy(500Khz)oncargovesselsover 1600 GRT,all passenger vessels.Radiotelephony2182kHzandVHFCh16cargovesselsover300GRT,allpassengervessels.bothmanuallyoperated.minimumrangerequired100-150NM.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuh

14、ongNewMaritimeServicesEPIRB(COSPAS-SARSAT)INMARSATSYSTEM(A,B,C,F,M)NAVTEXDSCSARTS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat-System Components2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxu

15、hongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongEquipmentvs.OperationalrequirementsThemajordifferencebetweentheGMDSSanditspredecessorsystemsisthattheradiocommunicationsequipment to be fitted to a GMDSS ship is determined by the ships area of operation,rather than by its

16、size.BecausethevariousradiosystemsusedintheGMDSShavedifferentlimitations,withregardstorangeandservicesprovided,GMDSSdividestheworldsoceansinto4areas(zones):2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSSeaAreasA1-CoastalareawithincoverageofatleastoneVHFcoastradiostationprovidingcontinuo

17、usavailabilityofDSCALERTING(20-30nm)A2-AreawithincoverageofatleastoneMFcoastradiostationprovidingcontinuousavailabilityofDSCALERTINGexcl.A1(150-200n.miles)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongA3-AreawithincoverageofInmarsatgeostationarysatellitesprovidingcontinuousavailabilityofaler

18、ting,excl.A1andA2,approximatelybetweenlatitudes70degreesnorthand70degrees south);A4-AreaoutsideseaareasA1,A2,andA3(veryhighlatitudes)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSS:ShipequipmentGMDSS:ShipequipmentcarriagerequirementscarriagerequirementsA1A2A3A4n VHF equipmentn s-EPIRB or

19、 VHF EPIRBn MSI receivernSARTn VHF and MF equipmentn S-EPIRB n MSI receivernSARTn VHF,MF and HF or satellite equipmentn S-EPIRB n MSI receivernSARTn VHF,MF and HF equipmentn 406 MHz S-EPIRBn MSI receivernSART2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongn VHF DSC with radiotelephone n s-EPIR

20、B or VHF EPIRBn NAVTEXn 2 SART2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSSeaAreas2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProduc

21、ebyTangxuhongFunctionalrequirements(The9GMDSSCommunicationsFunctions)TheGMDSSregulations(chapterIVoftheInternationalSOLASConvention),requirethateveryGMDSSequippedshipshallbecapableof;-transmittingship-to-shoreDistressAlertsbyatleasttwo separate and independent means,eachusingadifferentradiocommunica

22、tionservice;-receivingshore-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingship-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingsearchandrescueco-coordinatingcommunications;2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong-transmittingandreceivingon-scenecommunications;-transmittingandreceivingl

23、ocatingandhomingsignals;-receivingmaritimesafetyinformation;-transmittingandreceivinggeneralradiocommunicationsrelatingtothemanagementandoperationofthevessel;-transmittingandreceivingbridge-to-bridgecommunications.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongHow is the SAR system activated

24、by GMDSS?2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1Produ

25、cebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSSystemInclude:SatelliteCommunicationSystem-Inmarsat-COSPAS-SARSAT(EPIRB)TerrestrialCommunicationSystem-Radiotelephone-NarrowBandDirectPrintingTelex(NBDP)-SearchandRescueRadarTransponder(SART)-DigitalSelectiveCall(DSC)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyT

26、angxuhongInmarsat-System Components2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongOperationalSpacecraftStatusPacific Ocean RegionInmarsat-3 F3178 Degrees EastIndian Ocean RegionInmarsat-4 F164 Degrees EastAtlantic Ocean Region WestInmarsat-3 F454 Degrees WestAtlantic OceanRegion EastInmarsat-

27、3 F215.5 Degrees West2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat Satellite Coverage2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong Inmarsat-2 Inmarsat-3178E64.5E15.5W54WPacificOceanRegionIndianOceanAtlanticRegionOceanReg

28、ionWestAtlanticOceanRegionEastSpacecraft Status2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongFunctionalrequirements(The9GMDSSCommunicationsFunctions)The9GMDSSCommunicationsFunctions)TheGMDSSregulations(chapterIVoftheInternationalSOLASConvention),requirethateveryGMDSSequippedshipshallbecapabl

29、eof;-transmittingship-to-shoreDistressAlertsbyatleasttwo separate and independent means,eachusingadifferentradiocommunicationservice;-receivingshore-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingship-to-shipDistressAlerts;-transmittingandreceivingsearchandrescueco-coordinatingcommunications;2024/5/

30、12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong-transmittingandreceivingon-scenecommunications;-transmittingandreceivinglocatingandhomingsignals;-receivingmaritimesafetyinformation;-transmittingandreceivinggeneralradiocommunicationsrelatingtothemanagementandoperationofthevessel;-transmittingandrecei

31、vingbridge-to-bridgecommunications.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongThe16The16NAVAREAs/METAREAsNAVAREAs/METAREAs2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhonglInmarsatanditsLESOstodaysupportawiderangeofdataproducts&servicesthatcaterforthemaritimeuser-morethanjusttalklDat

32、aisbecomingincreasinglyimportantintheefficientrunningoffleetmanagementoperationslFleetoperatorsmustchooseserviceprovidersofferingaclearandprovenmigrationpathfromlowtohighdatarateserviceslInternettechnologywillcometodominatemaritimemobiledatausageoverthenext5yearslInmarsatanditsLESOswillremainatthefo

33、refrontofInternetdevelopmenttosupportthemaritimeindustryInmarsat Ltd.2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSYSTEMCOMPONENTSlSpace SegmentmSatellitesmGround Support FacilitieslGatewaysmCoast Earth Stations(CES)mLand Earth Stations(LES)mGround Earth Stations(GES)lUser EquipmentmShip Ea

34、rth Stations(SES)mLand Mobile Earth Stations(LMES)mAircraft Earth Stations(AES)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongINMARSAT-SPOT BEAMSImproved spacecraft performance over localised area6dB enhancement over global beamPermits reuse of L-Band spectrumBenefits inter-system co-ordinati

35、on2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpot Beam Coverage-AOR-E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpot Beam Coverage-AOR-W2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpot Beam Coverage-IOR2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSpotBeamCove

36、rage-POR2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat Meeting Future Requirements InmarsatI-42024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongINMARSAT-43SatelliteconstellationPlannedintroduction2005ImprovedspacecraftperformanceGlobalBeam19MajorSpotBeamsConfigurablesmallerspotbe

37、amstypicallybetween150-175innumberPermitsextensivere-useofL-Bandspectrum2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat-2Inmarsat-3Inmarsat-4 No.of satellites44+1spare2+1spareCoverageGlobalbeam7widespots200narrowspots+19+globalbeamwidespots+globalbeamMobile link EIRP39dBW49dBW67dBWSat

38、ellite dry mass700kg1000kg2700kgSolar array span14.520.7m48mFlexibleHigher PowerInmarsat Satellite Evolution2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongGMDSSFunctionsInmAInmBF77*InmCInmEDistressAlertingShip-to-shoreYesYesYesYesYesDistressAlertingShore-to-shipYesYesDistressAlertingShip-to-s

39、hipSearch&RescueCommunicationsYesYesYesYesOn-SceneCommunicationsYesYesYesYesTransmitting/ReceivingMSIYesLocatingsignalsYesGeneralCommunicationsYesYesYesYesBridge-to-bridgecommunications*Inmarsat Fleet F77 meets criteria onprioritisation/pre-emption contained in A.888(21)GMDSSCommunicationsFunctionsp

40、erformedbyInmarsatEquipment2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat A and Inmarsat B GMDSS FunctionsDistressAlertingShip-to-ShoreTelephoneandTelexSearchandRescueCommunicationsTelephoneandTelexOn-SceneCommunicationsTelephoneandTelexGeneralCommunicationsTelephoneandTelexInmarsat

41、A will cease operation 31st December 20072024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongStoreandForwardMessagingtelexdeliveryfacsimiledelivery(fromSESsideonly)PSTN/PSDNdeliverymobiledeliveryE-maildelivery(Internet,X.400)SpecialAccessCodes(SAC)deliveryEnhancedGroupCallsEGCSafetyNET(GMDSS)EGCFl

42、eetNETDistresscalling(GMDSS)DistressalertingDistressprioritymessagingDatareportingandpollingPositionreporting(dataandmessaging)Inmarsat C Services2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongHighestPriority(Priority3)SizeoftheDistressAlert=1packetSimpleprocedureusingkeyboardenterinformation

43、inthedistressalertscreenshipsposition(maybeupdatedautomatically)shipscourse(maybeupdatedautomatically)shipsspeed(maybeupdatedautomatically)natureofdistress(sinking,abandonshipetc.enteredmanually)(IMN,date,timeisenteredautomatically)TransmitusingDistressButton(s),orUseRemoteDistressButton(s)Automatic

44、deliverytoMRCCwithminimumdelayInmarsat C Distress Alerting2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongDistressPriorityMessagingTosendadditionalinformationtoMRCConthedistresseventandrequiredassistanceHighestPriority(Priority3)Sizeofthemessagelimitedto32kbytesAutomaticdeliverytoMRCCregardles

45、sofenteredaddressMinimumdelaySentusingkeyboardSometimeisrequiredtopreparedistressmessage2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongFalseDistressAlertsAutomatedsystemsmakealertingeasyProblemingeneralthroughoutGMDSSReasonsforsendingfalsedistressalertscaninclude:Badinstallation-faultydedicat

46、eddistressbuttoninadequatetrainingusingPCforotherapplicationslackofresponsibility-RCCsconsidereachdistresscallasREALLackofoperationalprocedures-verysimpletosendalertlackofknowledgehowtocancelfalsedistressalerttechnicalproblemswithshipsequipmentmainreason-human error!CN114PreventionofDistressAlertsfr

47、omkeyboardonInmarsatC2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongEGCSafetyNET(GMDSS)DistributionofMaritimeSafetyInformation(MSI)NavigationalwarningsMeteorologicalwarningsWeatherforecastsDistressalertrelay(shore-to-ship)SearchandRescuecoordinationOtherurgentinformationEGCFleetNET(Commercial

48、)DistributionofcommercialinformationE.g.Weatherrouting,companymessagesetc.EnhancedGroupCalling(EGC)services2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongEnhancedGroupCalling(EGC)2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongMaritimeSafetyInformation(MSI)NavigationalwarningsMeteorolog

49、icalwarningsWeatherforecastsDistressalertrelay(shore-to-ship)SearchandRescuecoordinationOtherurgentinformation2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongMSIcanbeaddressedto.NAVAREA/METAREA(1-16)navigationalandmeteoinformationCircularareadistressalertrelaystormwarningsSARcoordinationRectan

50、gularareaurgentnavigationalwarningsCoastalareas(likeNavtex)coastalwarnings2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongShore-to-ship distress alert to a circular area(45N35W999)Co-ordinates for circular area broadcast:D1D2=Latitude,La=Hemisphere,D3D4D5=LongitudeD6D7D8=radius in nautical mil

51、es2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongUrgent MSI/Nav.Warnings to a rectangular area(40N070W20040)Co-ordinates for rectangular area broadcast:D1D2=Latitude SW corner,La=Hemisphere N or S,D3D4D5=Longitude SW corner,Lo=Longitude E or W,D6D7=extent of rectangle latitude in degrees,D8D9

52、D10=extent of rectangle longitude in degrees2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong”CRITERIAFORTHEPROVISIONOFMOBILE-SATELLITECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMSINTHEGLOBALMARITIMEDISTRESSANDSAFETYSYSTEM(GMDSS)”Inmarsat Fleet F77 is the only equipment to fully comply with the voice prioritisation and

53、 pre-emption requirements within:IMO Assembly Resolution A.888.21(November 1999)Fleet F77 and the GMDSS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong!FourLevelsofPrioritisationDistress,Urgency,SafetyandOther!Pre-emptionship-to-shore!Hierarchicalpre-emption-allcallswillbepre-emptedbycallsofah

54、igherpriority!Pre-emptionshore-to-ship!Hierarchicalpre-emptiononlybyanauthorisedentitysuchasan(M)RCC!ShiporiginatedcallswillalwaystakeprecedenceinanyprioritisationcategoryFleet F77 and the GMDSS2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongVessel InitiatesShip-to-shoreCallIs callPriority lev

55、el 3(Distress)?Is callPriority level 2(Urgency)?Is callPriority level 1(Safety)?Is MESRegistered forcalls throughLES?RejectthecallCompletethecallYesNoYesYesYesNoNoNoFleet77Pre-emption/prioritisation2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongPro

56、ducebyTangxuhongEMERGENCYPOSITIONINDICATINGRADIOBEACONInmarsat EInmarsat E will cease operation 1st December 20062024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongOperationviaGeostationarysatellitesIntegratedGPS(Positionwithin200m)DistressAlertDeliverytime5minutestypically1minuteInmarsat E2024/5

57、/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongActivationMethodsAutomatic,Whenfloatingfree(Sea Water Activated)Manual,whileinitscradleRemoteControlfromBridgeInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongTheInmarsatEEP

58、IRBincludes:L-BandOmni-directionalAntennaSearchandRescueRadarTransponderElectronicPositionFixingDevice(GPS)LowDutyCycleHighIntensityStrobeLightAudio/VisualindicationofactivationOptional121.5MHzHomingBeaconBatterypackInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongFrameContentSystemCo

59、deEPIRBLongitudeEPIRBLatitudeCourseSpeedNatureofDistressTimeofLastPositionUpdateInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhongSystemTestsLivetesttransmissionsbyeachLESoverthesystemeveryhourtotestsystemintegrityTestresultssenttoInmarsatNOConlyNOTAssociatedRCCsInmarsat E2024/5/12024/5/1ProducebyTangxuhongProducebyTangxuhong