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1、新编英语语法教程第新编英语语法教程第14&1514&15讲讲被动态1.主动名与被动句相互转换的限制性 P162 并非任何一种主动句和被动句都可以相互转换，这与动词的类别有密切关系。(1).如own 和 have 都可表示所有关系，但own用于主动句和被动句都可以，have只能用于主动句。1.主动名与被动句相互转换的限制性 Bob owned a house in the city.The house was owned by Bob.Bob had a house in the city.The house was had by Bob.1.主动名与被动句相互转换的限制性(2)当主动句的宾语是
2、反身代词或相互代词时，这种主动句也不可以变成被动句，因为反身代词和相互代词通常不可以作主语。He hurt himself when he fell from the ladder.We should help each other.1.主动名与被动句相互转换的限制性(3)有些句子貌似SVO结构，其实不是。The medicine soon took effect.The plant will soon take root.1.主动名与被动句相互转换的限制性(4)还有一些句子貌似被动句，其实不是。He is gone.=He has gone.The moon is risen now.=Th
3、e moon has risen now.They are finished.=They have finished.1.主动名与被动句相互转换的限制性（5）也有少数动词通常只以被动态出现，而不用主动态。She was born in Shanghai.She is reputed to be the best singer in Europe.这类动词在有些词典中已被归为形容词。被动态2.两种被动句型的转换 P172 在英语中，有一种主动句可以转换为两种被动句型。People believe that he is ill.It is believed that he is ill.He is
4、 believed to be ill.2.两种被动句型的转换要注意：（1）原主动句时态转换后型被动句不定式如何表达时间的问题（2）能同时适用两种被动句型的主动词主要有：assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,think,understand等。被动态3.主动结构表示被动意义的问题。P175 英语里有些动词能以主动结构表示被动意义。（1）用动词的进行体表示被动意义，这种句子的主语通常是指物的，而且可以转换为相应的被动结构。The house is building.The book is printing.The dinn
5、er is cooking.3.主动结构表示被动意义的问题(2)由事物内在特征促使动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现的，可用主动表示被动意义。This box doesnt close easily.This car handles well.His new novel sells well.这些句子一般不转换被动句，转换后句子的意思就改变了。被动态4.被动结构还是系补结构 P177 英语中有些-ed分词能作形容词用（见P263），当它们与主动词 be 连用时就构成系补结构。I am very annoyed with him.I was annoyed by mosquitoes all n
6、ight.被动结构还是系补结构如何区分：（1）被动结构有相应的主动句，系补结构没有。（2）被动结构中，助动词be可用get取代，而系补结构中，除了get,还可用become,feel,look,seem,remain等。（3）被动结构表示的是一种动作，系补结构却是一种状态 被动结构还是系补结构（4）系补结构中，ed 分词已具有形容词的性质，因而能接受very等副词的修饰。而被动结构则不可以。（5）系补结构中的ed分词既然已经形容词化，往往有固定的介词搭配关系，而且这个介词通常不是by.1.1.2.2.3.It is said that she can speak several foreign
7、 language。She is said to be able to speak several foreign languages。It is known that many people are homeless after the earthquake。Many people are known to be homeless after the earthquake。It is understood that this is the result of recent negotiations。3.4.4.5.5.This is understood to be。It is though
8、t that she has recovered。She is thought to have recovered。It is expected that the President will make an announcement。The President is expected to make an announcement。6.7.8.9.10.Will this question be discussed tomorrow morning。It can be done right away。Has this motion been adopted。The reservoir is
9、going to be completed ahead of schedule。Some new songs are being taught now over the radio。11.12.13.14.15.Quality must be guaranteed first。Another college has been set up at Pudong。It is suggested that the meeting be put off till next Thursday。It must be recognized that China is still a developing country。It must be pointed out that Taiwan problem is Chinas internal affairs。16.17.18.19.20.This English Reader sells well。A porcelain sink cleans easily。This drawer wont lock。Milk spoils easily。Will this fish keep till tomorrow?
新编英语语法教程第14&15讲
