Unit-1-翻译答案(新视野第三版一单元翻译答案与分析)ppt课件

《Unit-1-翻译答案(新视野第三版一单元翻译答案与分析)ppt课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Unit-1-翻译答案(新视野第三版一单元翻译答案与分析)ppt课件（32页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Part I Part I Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals(基础)of modern Western philosophy.He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers,especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.Socrates has become w

2、ell known for his contribution to the field of ethics.His method of teaching,known as the Socratic Method,by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions.He also made important and lasting contributions

3、 to the field of epistemology(认识论)and logic,and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy.His fame was widespread in his own time,and his name soon became a house

4、hold word although he constructed no philosophical system,established no school,and founded no sect(宗派).Part I 1第第 1 1 句：句：Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals(基础)of modern Western philosophy.主干部分：Socrates was a philosopher.小定语：classical Greek 定语从句：

5、who is credited with laying the fundamentals of modern Western philosophy.表达法：be credited with:认为某人有某事物；把归功于；被认为；归功于 例：Watt should be credited with inventing the steam engine.人们把蒸汽机的发明归功于瓦特.lay the fundamentals of=lay the foundation of 为奠定基础。注意，fundamentals,多指理论基础，从最基本的底层理论开始。而 foundation 则不强调这层意思。第

6、 1 句：主干部分：Socrates was a ph2第第 1 1 句：句：Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals(基础)of modern Western philosophy.苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。第 1 句：苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的3第第 2 2 句：句：He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later class

7、ical writers,especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.主干：He is a figure.小定语：mysterious 大定语：known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers,especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.是过去分词后置定语。through 后面的是介词 through 的宾语，与介词 through 合在一起做过去分词 known 的方式状语。esp

8、ecially 连接的两个名词性短语，the account of later classical writers,the writings of his most famous student Plato.这两个名词短语在形式上是并列的，但在内容上却是递进的，后者是前者的一部分具体化。最后那个 Plato 是student 的同位语。提示：注意 classical 和 classic 的区别前者是“古典的”，后者是“经典的，典范的”第 2 句：主干：He is a figure.小4第第 2 2 句：句：He is a mysterious figure known chiefly thro

9、ugh the accounts of later classical writers,especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。第 2 句：他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后期的一些5第第 3 3 句：句：Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics.be known for:以著称；因为而有名。contributi

10、on to 对有贡献。（由 contribute to 变来）第 3 句：be known for:以著称；因6第第 3 3 句：句：Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics.苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。第 3 句：苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。7第第 4 4 句：句：His method of teaching,known as the Socratic Method,by asking and answering questions to stimulate critica

11、l thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions.此句较为复杂，主干部分：His method of teachingremains a tool.known as the Socratic Method,过去分词做同位语，解释前面的 method of teaching;by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 做方式状语，to s

12、timulate critical thinking and to explain ideas 为两个不定式短并列做前面 asking 和 answering 两个动名词的共同宾语 questions 的补语。commonly used 是 tool 的小定语，后面 in a wide range of discussions 是介词短语做状语。第 4 句：此句较为复杂，主干部分：His method8第第 4 4 句：句：His method of teaching,known as the Socratic Method,by asking and answering questions

13、to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions.他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。第 4 句：他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答9第第 5 5 句：句：He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology(认识论)and logic,and

14、 the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.这句话由两个并列分句构成。第一个是 He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology.make contributions to:为做出贡献。lasting 这里是形容词，意思是深远的，持久的。第二个分句是 the influence of his ideas and approa

15、ch remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.这个分句的主干是 the influence remains a foundation.of his ideas and approach 是介词短语做后置定语，修饰 the influence;that followed 是小定语从句，修饰 Western philosophy,可以看成汉语里一个词：后来的，接下来的。第 5 句：这句话由两个并列分句构成。第一个是 He a10第第 5 5 句：句：He also made important and las

16、ting contributions to the field of epistemology(认识论)and logic,and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。第 5 句：他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献11第第 6 6 句：句：Socrates was the most colorful figur

17、e in the history of ancient philosophy.这句话比较简单，注意 colorful figure 的含义。一般译成“丰富多彩的”，figure 的词义很多，常见的有形体，形象，数字，人物，图形等。这里指“人物”第 6 句：这句话比较简单，注意 colorful fi12第第 6 6 句：句：Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy.苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。第 6 句：苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。13第第 7 7 句：句：His

18、 fame was widespread in his own time,and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system,established no school,and founded no sect(宗派).这句结构并不复杂，由 although 连接的两个句子。是并列句.although 后面的句子中，constructed,established,founded 三个动词并列做 he 的谓语。household 本义是指家庭，户，指全家人。这里用作形容词

19、，意思是家常的，家喻户晓的。这里可以翻译成：妇孺皆知。注意 绝对否定的形容词 no 这里用于强调，三个 no 连用，起到加强语气的作用。第 7 句：这句结构并不复杂，由 although 连接14第第 7 7 句：句：His fame was widespread in his own time,and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system,established no school,and founded no sect(宗派).他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然

20、他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。第 7 句：他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么15 译文：译文：苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的

21、人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。译文：16Part II Part II 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的圣人（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在论语（The Analects）一书中。论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在 21 世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而

22、且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。Part II 17词汇提炼：要想翻译好本文，首先确定使用哪些词汇。词汇提炼：要想翻译好本文，首先确定使用哪些词汇。1.1.孔孔子子：Confucius Confucius (词词汇汇扩扩展展：孟孟子子：Mencius Mencius 荀子：荀子：Master Xun or Xunzi Master Xun or Xunzi老老子子：Lao Lao Zi Zi or or Lao-tzu Lao-tzu 庄庄子子：Zhuangzi Zhuangzi or or Chuang-tzu)Chuang-tzu)2 2.被尊称为：被尊称为：be respectfull

23、y referred to be respectfully referred to 3 3.对对产产生生重重大大影影响响：have have a a great great influence influence on on sth.sth.4 4.真正把握：真正把握：truly understand truly understand 5 5.产产生生了了深深远远的的影影响响：have have a a profound profound influence influence on on 6 6.受到重视受到重视 win an increasing attention from win an

24、 increasing attention from词汇提炼：要想翻译好本文，首先确定使用哪些词汇。18第第 1 1 句：句：孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的 创 始 人，被 尊 称 为 古 代 的 圣 人（sage）。汉语结构比较松散，无主语句到处可见。甚至会出现主语只在开头主现，后面连续的动词都没有的情况。这在英语里是不允许的。英语中除感叹句和部分特殊句式外，句子最基本的成分就是主语+谓语，即名词（或相当于名词的词或词组、句子）+动词。这句话在汉语里可以一句说出，但在英语里却要分别说成 3 个句子。“尊称”一词，由于对孔子来说是被动的，所以用被

25、动语态构成，除 respectfully as 外，还可用 honored as第 1 句：汉语结构比较松散，无主语句到处可见。甚至会出19第第 1 1 句：句：孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的 创 始 人，被 尊 称 为 古 代 的 圣 人（sage）。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history.He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient sage.

26、第 1 句：Confucius was a gre20第第 2 2句：句：他的言论和生平活动记录在论语（The Analects）一书中。言论，即说过的话，用 words 足矣，不可用 speech 或 speaking.“生平活动”指的是孔子一生的行迹，life story 很可以反映出来。千万不可画蛇添足，译成 the activities through his whole life.His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.第 2句：言论，即说过的话，用 words 足矣，不可用21第第 3 3句：句：论语是中国古代文

27、化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。这句里的重要句型，就是对产生影响。这个结构我们学过多个了。比如 have a great influence on have a great effect on have a great impact on 就动词来说，affect 作主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。The tax increases have affected us all.加税已经影响了我们所有的人。简明英汉词典 The dampness began to affect my health.潮气开始影响我的健康。新牛津英汉双解大词典 You

28、r attitude will affect how successful you are.你的态度会影响你成功的程度。新牛津英汉双解大词典第 3句：这句里的重要句型，就是对产生影响。这个结构22第第 3 3句：句：论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。influence 侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。The labour enthusiasm of the workers strongly influenced us.工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。简明英汉词典 Its all too easy to be

29、 influenced by our parents.我们容易受父母的影响。简明英汉词典 The weather influences crops.天气影响农作物。第 3句：influence 侧重在思想、性格、行为等23第第 3 3句：句：论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。impact 是不及物动词，对某物有强烈影响（have a strong effect）（+on）High interest rates have impacted on retail spending.高利率对零售消费产生了剧烈的影响。新牛津英汉双解大词典 These cos

30、ts will impact on our profitability.这些费用会影响到我们的利润。简明英汉词典第 3句：impact 是不及物动词，对某物有强烈影响24第第 3 3句：句：论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。另：have an effect/influence/impact on 对有影响 The surroundings in which a child grows up may have an effect on his development.小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。He has an active influence

31、over the community.他对这个社团有很强的影响力。Technology has had an irreversible impact on society.技术已对社会产生不可逆转的影响。第 3句：另：have an effect/infl25第第 3 3句：句：论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。后来的历代的，除了可以用 .come after sb.之外，还可以用前面翻译的句子中 加一小定语从语 that followed.这个显得更加地道和简炼一些。【小常识】man of letters 虽然可指文学家，但它的词义较宽，统称作”

32、学者（scholar）较妥。因此，writer 足可以称为文学家了。“政治家”一词英语中有 politician 和 statesman 两种形式，但由于 politician 带有贬义，有“政客”即“玩弄政治的人”之义，因此选用 statesman 这个中性词。第 3句：后来的历代的，除了可以用 .come af26第第 3 3句：句：论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture,The Analects has had a great influence on t

33、he thinkers,writers,and statesmen that came after Confucius.第 3句：An enduring classic of 27第第 4 4句：句：不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。不.就不能.：这个结构一望而知是个特殊的双重否定句型。显然“不研究论语”中含有一个否定词。又，这句话是个典型的无主语句，需要加上主语或者采用忽略主语的被动语态形式。因此，这句话既可以翻译成 Without studying this book,one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-yea

34、rs traditional Chinese culture，也可以用被动语态译成：Without studying this book,the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture could hardly be truly understood.这里，前一个否定词用了 without,后面用的 hardly 而没有用表达绝对意义的否定词 no 或者半否定词 not,是呼应了“真正”一词的隐藏意义。同时，without 做介词使“研究”一词以动名词形式出现，使本来两个谓语的小句变成了一个谓语，节省了句子结构，使句子更加紧凑。第 4句：不

35、.就不能.：这个结构一望而知是个特殊28第第 4 4句：句：不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。Without studying this book,one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture.第 4句：Without studying this b29第第 5 5句：句：孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。profound 用词比 lasting 更加正式。注意下习惯表达，“教育思想”,可以表达为 educational thou

36、ght,但突出的重点与 his thought on education 不完全相同，就意译来说，后者比前者更地道。Much of Confucius thought,especially his thought on education,has had a profound influence on Chinese society.第 5句：30第第 6 6句：句：在 21 世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。注意，”受到重视“可译 为 win an increasing attention from 和 retain the attention

37、of 或者gain increasing emphasis,更简单的表达可说 be valued for.retain 本义是保持，保留，正好用于表达国人本就重视孔子学说的含义，可谓准确。In the 21st century,Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese,but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.第 6句：注意，”受到重视“可译 为 win an i31Translation:Confuci

38、us was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history.He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient sage.His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture,The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers,w

39、riters,and statesmen that came after Confucius.Without studying this book,one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture.Much of Confucius thought,especially his thought on education,has had a profound influence on Chinese society.In the 21st century,Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese,but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.Translation:32