情态动词的特点ppt课件

《情态动词的特点ppt课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《情态动词的特点ppt课件（19页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Grammar:Modal verbs Lectured by RenQiuyuGrammar:Modal verbs 1 1一、情态动词的特点一、情态动词的特点1 有词义有词义2 没有人称和数的变化。也就是说，它在没有人称和数的变化。也就是说，它在任何主语后形式都是一样的，这是情态动任何主语后形式都是一样的，这是情态动词和助动词最大的差异。词和助动词最大的差异。3 有时态的变化有时态的变化4 不能独立作谓语，后面必须跟动词原形不能独立作谓语，后面必须跟动词原形 在情态动词后一般要跟不带在情态动词后一般要跟不带to的不定式的不定式（ought to除外）除外）一、情态动词的特点1 有词义2 2

2、二、情态动词的种类二、情态动词的种类原形原形原形原形过过去式去式去式去式词义词义同同同同义词组义词组cancancouldcould能能能能够够be able tobe able tomaymaymightmight可以、也可以、也可以、也可以、也许许mustmustmustmust必必必必须须have tohave tohave tohave tohad tohad to必必必必须须、不得不、不得不、不得不、不得不mustmusthad betterhad betterhad betterhad better最好最好最好最好可以是可以是可以是可以是实义动词实义动词和情和情和情和情态态动词动词

3、needneedneededneeded需要需要需要需要daredaredareddared敢于敢于敢于敢于shallshallshouldshould应该应该ought toought towillwillwouldwould愿意愿意愿意愿意used toused to过过去常常去常常去常常去常常ought toought toought toought to应该应该shouldshould二、情态动词的种类原形过去式词义同义词组cancould能够3 31)can1)can表示体力、智力上的能力。否定式为表示体力、智力上的能力。否定式为表示体力、智力上的能力。否定式为表示体力、智力上的能力

4、。否定式为cannot,cannot,缩略为缩略为缩略为缩略为cant;cant;过去式为过去式为过去式为过去式为could couldntcould couldnteg:eg:We can do things they cant do.We can do things they cant do.Mary can type well and her mother could type Mary can type well and her mother could type well when she was young.well when she was young.2)2)表示客观可能性表示

5、客观可能性表示客观可能性表示客观可能性eg:Man cannot live without air.eg:Man cannot live without air.3)3)表示征求意见或请求许可，表示语气委婉表示征求意见或请求许可，表示语气委婉表示征求意见或请求许可，表示语气委婉表示征求意见或请求许可，表示语气委婉eg:eg:Can I go for a swim this afternoon,Mum?Can I go for a swim this afternoon,Mum?Could you lend me your bicycle?Could you lend me your bicyc

6、le?No,sorry,I No,sorry,I cantcant.(couldnt is wrong)(couldnt is wrong)Yes,of course you Yes,of course you cancan.1.can和和 could1)can表示体力、智力上的能力。否定式为cannot,4 4 4)can 4)can 和和和和could could 表推测表推测表推测表推测（cancan用于否定及疑问用于否定及疑问用于否定及疑问用于否定及疑问,could,could肯定、肯定、肯定、肯定、否定、疑问皆可）否定、疑问皆可）否定、疑问皆可）否定、疑问皆可）can(could)n

7、ot+Vcan(could)not+V原（原（原（原（link.link.或状态动词）对现在状态的推测或状态动词）对现在状态的推测或状态动词）对现在状态的推测或状态动词）对现在状态的推测can(could)not+be+doingcan(could)not+be+doing对现在动作的推测对现在动作的推测对现在动作的推测对现在动作的推测can(could)not+have done can(could)not+have done 对过去动作的推测对过去动作的推测对过去动作的推测对过去动作的推测eg:a.The young girl cant be our new chairman.eg:a.T

8、he young girl cant be our new chairman.Can/Could the news be true?Can/Could the news be true?b.He cant be reading in the reading room,for I saw him b.He cant be reading in the reading room,for I saw him in the street just noin the street just no They may be arguing.But I am interested in what they T

9、hey may be arguing.But I am interested in what they can/could be arguing.can/could be arguing.c.The road isnt wet.It cant/couldnt have rained last c.The road isnt wet.It cant/couldnt have rained last night.night.I dont know why she didnt call me yesterday.Can/I dont know why she didnt call me yester

10、day.Can/Could she have forgotten my telephone number?Could she have forgotten my telephone number?5)could have done5)could have done本能做却没有做本能做却没有做本能做却没有做本能做却没有做,can have donecan have done这种这种这种这种结构不存在结构不存在结构不存在结构不存在eg:eg:You could have caught the first train,but you got up too You could have caught

11、the first train,but you got up too late.late.4)can 和could 表推测（can用于否定及疑问,5 5 6)Can/could6)Can/could与与与与 be able to be able to 的区别的区别的区别的区别A.be able to do sth.A.be able to do sth.也表示能力，可以用于不同时态，前后也表示能力，可以用于不同时态，前后也表示能力，可以用于不同时态，前后也表示能力，可以用于不同时态，前后还可以用情态动词还可以用情态动词还可以用情态动词还可以用情态动词must,may,mightmust,may

12、,might以及以及以及以及seem to,used seem to,used to,appear toto,appear to等，而等，而等，而等，而can/couldcan/could只用于一般现在时和一般过只用于一般现在时和一般过只用于一般现在时和一般过只用于一般现在时和一般过去去去去.eg:eg:He is able to(=can)play the piano very well.He is able to(=can)play the piano very well.After three years of hard work,he was able to pass the Afte

13、r three years of hard work,he was able to pass the entrance examination.entrance examination.The large hall will be able to hold 5000 audience.The large hall will be able to hold 5000 audience.He seems to be able to work out the puzzling question.He seems to be able to work out the puzzling question

14、.B.B.当用于过去时态时，当用于过去时态时，当用于过去时态时，当用于过去时态时，couldcould表示能力，但有没有做，不知；表示能力，但有没有做，不知；表示能力，但有没有做，不知；表示能力，但有没有做，不知；而而而而was/were able to was/were able to 指过去某种具体的能力，通过努力并做指过去某种具体的能力，通过努力并做指过去某种具体的能力，通过努力并做指过去某种具体的能力，通过努力并做成功了，相当于成功了，相当于成功了，相当于成功了，相当于managed tomanaged to或或或或succeeded insucceeded ineg:eg:He co

15、uld sing many English songs.He could sing many English songs.Its known that he was able to recite many foreign Its known that he was able to recite many foreign poems at six.poems at six.6)Can/could与 be able to 的区别6 6 1)may1)may表示请求许可。疑问式表示请求许可。疑问式May I.?May I.?多为请求允许，多为请求允许，通常用于正式文体通常用于正式文体egegMay

16、I come in?May I come in?No,you cant/may not.No,you cant/may not.Yes,Yes,please.please.No,you mustnt.(No,you mustnt.(强烈禁止，不允许强烈禁止，不允许)Yes,Yes,certainlycertainly Please dont.Please dont.Sure.Sure.MightMight也可以表示允许，也可以表示允许，Might I?Might I?和和May I.?May I.?用法相近用法相近.但但mightmight表示请求语气迟疑委婉，回答时应用表示请求语气迟疑委婉，

17、回答时应用maymay表示表示肯定肯定eg:-Might I ask for a photo of your family?-Yes,you eg:-Might I ask for a photo of your family?-Yes,you may.may.2)2)maymay用在句子开头，表示祝愿用在句子开头，表示祝愿 May+May+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它成分其它成分eg:eg:May you succeed in the coming examination!May you succeed in the coming examination!May all your dre

18、ams come true some day!May all your dreams come true some day!2.may 和和might1)may表示请求许可。疑问式May I.?多为请求7 73)may3)may和和 might might表推测表推测（不用于疑问）（不用于疑问）may/might+V(may/might+V(系动词或状态性动词系动词或状态性动词)对现在状态的对现在状态的推测推测may/might+be doing may/might+be doing 对现在动作的推测对现在动作的推测may/might+have done may/might+have done

19、 对过去动作的推测对过去动作的推测eg:a.He may know Alices address.eg:a.He may know Alices address.He may not know Alices address.He may not know Alices address.（可能不）（可能不）He cant know Alices address.He cant know Alices address.（不可能）（不可能）Can it be true?It may be,or may not be.Can it be true?It may be,or may not be.b.W

20、heres Tom?b.Wheres Tom?He may/might be playing football.He may/might be playing football.c.-He seems know the city quite well.c.-He seems know the city quite well.-He may/might have been there before.-He may/might have been there before.3)may和 might表推测（不用于疑问）8 8 1)1)表示必要性、义务，表示必要性、义务，“应该应该”、“必须必须”的意

21、思，否定式的意思，否定式mustnt mustnt 表示不表示不允许允许egeg You must wait for your turn.You mustnt jump the queue.You must wait for your turn.You mustnt jump the queue.Must I be home before eight oclock?Must I be home before eight oclock?-Yes,you must.(No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.)-Yes,you must.(No,you neednt./

22、No,you dont have to.)2 2）have to have to和和mustmust意义相近，意为意义相近，意为“不得不不得不”，含有，含有“客观需要使得必须这客观需要使得必须这样做样做”的意思，有时态、人称的变化的意思，有时态、人称的变化,have got to,have got to用于口语，用于口语，dont have to dont have to 为否定式，意为为否定式，意为“不必要不必要”egeg She didnt have to say sorry.She didnt have to say sorry.Do we have to answer all the

23、questions?Do we have to answer all the questions?Next year I will have to leave this school.Next year I will have to leave this school.3 3）must must 表推测（一般用于肯定句）意为：一定表推测（一般用于肯定句）意为：一定 否定式：否定式：cant cant must+V must+be doing must+have donemust+V must+be doing must+have doneeg:eg:情态动词情态动词mustmust猜测性的猜测

24、性的反义疑问句反义疑问句 He must be a doctor,isnt he?He must be a doctor,isnt he?（表现在状态，（表现在状态，用用bebe）He must live near here,doesnt he?He must live near here,doesnt he?（表现在动作，用（表现在动作，用do,doesdo,does）He must have come here yesterday,didnt he?He must have come here yesterday,didnt he?（表短暂性过去动作，用（表短暂性过去动作，用diddid）

25、They must have been to Beijing,havent they?They must have been to Beijing,havent they?（表现在状态，用（表现在状态，用have,have,hashas）3 must 和和 have to1)表示必要性、义务，“应该”、“必须”的意思，否定式mu9 94 will/would;shall 1)1)willwill表示意志意愿，用于各种人称，可译为表示意志意愿，用于各种人称，可译为“肯肯”、“会会”、“愿意愿意”等，过去式为等，过去式为wouldwould eg egIf you will allow me,I

26、will see you home.If you will allow me,I will see you home.I will have nothing to do with this matter.I will have nothing to do with this matter.No matter what happened,he wouldnt say a word.No matter what happened,he wouldnt say a word.If he kept on making mistakes,I wouldnt make friends If he kept

27、 on making mistakes,I wouldnt make friends with him.with him.2)2)willwill用于第二人称，表示有礼貌的请求，用于第二人称，表示有礼貌的请求，wouldwould为过去式，为过去式，但语气更委婉但语气更委婉egeg Will you kindly hand me the watch?Will you kindly hand me the watch?Bring the fruit to the dining-room,will you?Bring the fruit to the dining-room,will you?-W

28、ould you do me a favor?-Would you do me a favor?-Yes,I will./Sure/Of course/Certainly.No,I wont./Im -Yes,I will./Sure/Of course/Certainly.No,I wont./Im sorry I cant.sorry I cant.Will/Would you please do Would you like to do sth.Will/Would you please do Would you like to do sth.would rather do sth.(t

29、han do sth.)would rather do sth.(than do sth.)4 will/would;shall1)will表1010 3)would do(used to do)3)would do(used to do)表示过去常常做某事表示过去常常做某事,would,would后只能后只能接动作性动词而接动作性动词而used to used to 既可以接动作性动词，也可以接状既可以接动作性动词，也可以接状态性动词。态性动词。He would go to enjoy some wonderful films at night.He would go to enjoy so

30、me wonderful films at night.He used to be a teacher.He used to be a teacher.4)would have done 4)would have done 用于虚拟，与过去事实相反用于虚拟，与过去事实相反 If you had helped us,we If you had helped us,we would have finished would have finished our our homework ahead of time.homework ahead of time.5 5）shallshall用于第一、第三

31、人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方意见或向对方请示。方意见或向对方请示。eg egShall we go and get some food?Shall we go and get some food?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?Shall Shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。告、允诺或威胁。eg.You shall do

32、it./He shall stay at home.eg.You shall do it./He shall stay at home.（命令）（命令）You shall fail if you dont work hard.You shall fail if you dont work hard.（警告）（警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading.He shall have the book when I finish reading.（允诺）（允诺）He shall be punished.He shall be punished.（威

33、胁）（威胁）3)would do(used to do)表示过去常常11115 should/ought to 两者意义基本相同，用法也相同两者意义基本相同，用法也相同 1 1）表示劝告或建议，）表示劝告或建议，shouldshould语气比语气比ought to ought to 弱，意为弱，意为“应该应该”，否定式，否定式shouldnt,ought not toshouldnt,ought not to意为意为“不应该不应该”egeg You should get everything ready before the examination.You should get everyth

34、ing ready before the examination.He shouldnt be so careless.He shouldnt be so careless.We ought to be out in the fresh air.We ought to be out in the fresh air.We ought not to take risks We ought not to take risks（冒险）（冒险）.2 2）表示应该怎么样却没有怎么样）表示应该怎么样却没有怎么样 A.A.对现在进行动作对现在进行动作 should(ought to)be doing /sh

35、ouldnt(ought not to)should(ought to)be doing /shouldnt(ought not to)be doingbe doing eg:eg:You should be washing your clothes.Why are you playing football?You should be washing your clothes.Why are you playing football?You are ill.You shouldnt be working here You are ill.You shouldnt be working here

36、 B.B.对过去动作对过去动作 Should(ought to)have done(Should(ought to)have done(本应该做却没有做本应该做却没有做)Shouldnt(ought not to)have done(Shouldnt(ought not to)have done(本不应该做却做了本不应该做却做了)eg:eg:You should have gone over your lessons.You should have gone over your lessons.I shouldnt have eaten so much ice cream.I shouldnt

37、 have eaten so much ice cream.3)should 3)should 表推测，暗含很大的可能或有根据有把握表推测，暗含很大的可能或有根据有把握 The film should be very good.The film should be very good.The photo should be ready tomorrow.The photo should be ready tomorrow.5 should/ought to两者意义基本相同，用12126 need6 need 可以既作情态动词又作实义动词可以既作情态动词又作实义动词 1)need1)need用作

38、实义动词，用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，用作实义动词，用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称变化和过去时形式，后接名词、代词、动名词和动词有人称变化和过去时形式，后接名词、代词、动名词和动词不定式不定式egeg She needs more rest.She needs more rest.You didnt need to tell him the news.You didnt need to tell him the news.The TV needs mending/to be mended.The TV needs mending/to be mended.2)2)needneed作情态

39、动词时一般只用在否定句或疑问句中，没有作情态动词时一般只用在否定句或疑问句中，没有人称和时态的变化人称和时态的变化 eg eg-Need we tell him about it?-No,you neednt/-Need we tell him about it?-No,you neednt/dont have to.dont have to.You neednt finish writing the report in such a short time.You neednt finish writing the report in such a short time.He said he

40、need not go yesterday.He said he need not go yesterday.3)neednt have done 3)neednt have done 本不必做却做了本不必做却做了 need have doneneed have done几乎不存在这种结构几乎不存在这种结构 Time is enough.You neednt have come in such a hurry.Time is enough.You neednt have come in such a hurry.6 need 可以既作情态动词又作实义动词13137 dare 可以既作情态动词又

41、作实义动词可以既作情态动词又作实义动词 1)dare1)dare用作实义动词，用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有用作实义动词，用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称变化和过去时形式，人称变化和过去时形式，dare(s/d)to do sth,dare(s/d)to do sth,但在否定句中，但在否定句中，后面的不定式可带后面的不定式可带to,to,也可不带也可不带totoegegHe was so brave that he dared to go alone at night at the He was so brave that he dared to go alone at night a

42、t the age of five.age of five.He does not dare(to)answer his fathers question.He does not dare(to)answer his fathers question.Do you dare to touch it?Do you dare to touch it?2)dare2)dare作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，没作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，没有人称的变化，但是有过去式有人称的变化，但是有过去式dareddared，但，但I dare sayI dare say（常用作（常用作

43、插入语）除外插入语）除外egeg His speech is quite excellent,I dare say,which will win him His speech is quite excellent,I dare say,which will win him the first prize.the first prize.How dare you say I am a liar?How dare you say I am a liar?No one dared speak about it.No one dared speak about it.I darent ask you,

44、because I thought I must be wrong.I darent ask you,because I thought I must be wrong.If you dare do that again,the teacher will scold you.If you dare do that again,the teacher will scold you.7 dare可以既作情态动词又作实义动词1414情态动词的猜测性用法总结情态动词的猜测性用法总结我们用must（一定）,can（可能）,could（可能）,may（也许）,might（或许）表示“猜测可能性”。Coul

45、d,might比can,could在口气上要委婉些。可能性由大到小排列为：must can(could)may might情态动词的猜测性用法总结我们用must（一定）,can（可15151 1）对现在或将来的猜测）对现在或将来的猜测 Modal.Verb+(not)do sth Modal.Verb+(not)do sth She must/may/might know Lilys address.She must/may/might know Lilys address.He must/may/might leave for Beijing tomorrow.He must/may/mig

46、ht leave for Beijing tomorrow.He cant/couldnt/may not/might not be able to pay the He cant/couldnt/may not/might not be able to pay the house.house.-Its not mine.Whose can/could it be?-Its not mine.Whose can/could it be?（疑问句中一般（疑问句中一般不用不用may,mightmay,might）-It could be Johns./It cant/couldnt be Jims

47、.-It could be Johns./It cant/couldnt be Jims.2 2）对现在进行的动作的猜测）对现在进行的动作的猜测 Modal.Verb+(not)be doing sth Modal.Verb+(not)be doing sth They must/may/might be waiting at the school gate.They must/may/might be waiting at the school gate.He cant be reading in the classroom for I saw him in the He cant be r

48、eading in the classroom for I saw him in the street just now.street just now.She cant/may not/might not be eating anything now.She cant/may not/might not be eating anything now.3 3）对过去动作或已经完成的猜测）对过去动作或已经完成的猜测 Modal.Verb+(not)have Modal.Verb+(not)have done sthdone sth He must/may/might have made much

49、 progress recently.He must/may/might have made much progress recently.He cant/couldnt/may not/might not have finished his He cant/couldnt/may not/might not have finished his homework.homework.Can/Could he have got what he wanted?Can/Could he have got what he wanted?1）对现在或将来的猜测 Modal.Verb+(not1616注：1

50、 must作为猜测只能用于肯定句，mustnt表示不能，不许，不是猜测2 can作为猜测只能用于否定句，疑问句，但could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句3 can have done,mustnt have done作为猜测不存在，could have done表示本能做却没有做4 may,might作为猜测一般不用于疑问句注：1 must作为猜测只能用于肯定句，mustnt表示17171、English is a language that many people around the world not speak perfectly but at least_ understand.A.

51、may;can B.would;might C.will;must D.could;might【答案解析】根据句意和句子的语气可知，第一空表示一种可能性，用may not speak 可能不会说；第二空表示有某种能力。答案A。2、Didnt they come to the party last week?Yes.They didnt want to come with us at first,but then we _ persuade them.A.Would B.could C.were able to D.had to【答案解析】根据上下文语境及讲话人语气，选项动作表示经过努力才完成的

52、。在这种语气的肯定句和疑问句中，常用be able to，在否定句中可用can。答案 C。3、I promise her daughter _ get a nice present on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to her?A.should B.must C.would D.shall【答案解析】根据讲话人语气可以知道，选项部分表示讲话是给对方的一种承诺，故应该选情态动词shall用于第二或第三人称用作主语的句子结构中。答案D。1、English is a language that m18184、All of us had a good

53、 time in the picnic last Sunday.Pity you werent there.I really _come but I was looking after my mother in hospital.A.mustB.ought toC.need haveD.should have【答案解析】根据上下文和讲话人语气，选项情态动词表示过去本该做而实际未做的事，故应选用should have done 或ought to have done。must do，ought to do表示还未发生的动作。need have done常用于否定或疑问句，表示本来不必干某事。答案

54、 D。5、Did you scold him for his carelessness?Yes,but _ it.A.I would rather not doB.Id rather not have doneC.I shouldnt doD.Id better not do【答案解析】根据上下文语境可以知道，选项动作是对过去事情的推测，表示过去已经责怪，而宁愿该事情没有发生之意。故选Id rather not have done，其它三个选项表示对将要做的事情的态度。答案B。6、Just as we were sitting down to have dinner,the telephone _ ring.A.must B.could C.might D.need【答案解析】must 在此表示说话人的愿望或感到不耐烦，意思为“偏要”。句意：正当我们吃饭时电话铃偏偏响了。其它选项无此意义，答案A。4、All of us had a good time i1919