friendship---grammar

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1、Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语&indirect speech1引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:1.1.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括把它放在括号内号内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语(Directspeech);2.The boy said,“I love English.”2.用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech).The boy said that he loved English.2一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变He said,“I dont

2、 like rice.”He said he didnt like rice.She said to Jim:“You will give a speech tomorrow.”She told Jim he would give a speech the next day.He said to her:“Tom can help you.”He told her Tom could help her.1.人称变化人称变化32.时态的的变化化She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.主句主句动词为一般一般现在在时

3、时从句动词时从句动词时态不变态不变She often says,All men and women are equal under the law.4一般现在时改为一般过去时一般现在时改为一般过去时He said,I know it.He said that he knew it.主句主句动词为一般一般过去去时，时态做相做相应变化化一般过去时改为过去完成时一般过去时改为过去完成时I saw her yesterday,he said.He said he had seen her the day before.5现在进行时改为过去进行时现在进行时改为过去进行时Im making coffee

4、for you all,she said.She said she was making coffee for us all.现在完成时改为过去完成时现在完成时改为过去完成时He said,I have seen her before.He said he had seen her before.6过去完成时仍然为过去完成时过去完成时仍然为过去完成时Jack said,Rick had been ill for many days.Jack said that Rick had been ill for many days.一般将来时改为过去将来时一般将来时改为过去将来时He said,We

5、shall start tomorrow.He said they would start the next day.7由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.直接引语是客观直接引语是客观真理真理，格言，谚语时，格言，谚语时:The earth moves around the sun,the teacher said to us.The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.82.直接引直接引语语中有具体的中有具体的过过去某年、某月、某去某年、某月、某日作状日作状语时语时:Xiao W

6、ang said,“I was born on April 2l,1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980.9that引引导的的宾语从句从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.陈述句述句Jane said,Im very fond of traveling.3.引导词和语序引导词和语序10whether/if引引导的的宾语从句从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.一般疑一般疑问句句,反意疑问句，选择疑问反意疑问句，选择疑问句句Is t

7、his your umbrella,Mary?asked John.11wh-词（疑（疑问词）引）引导的的宾语从句从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.特殊疑特殊疑问句句John asked Mary,When will you return me the book?12由直接引由直接引语转变为间接引接引语,下列代下列代词、形容形容词、副、副词、动词等可能要等可能要变化化thatthosethenbeforethatdaythenext/followingday13intwodaystimethedaybeforethenig

8、htbeforetwodaysbeforegothere14祈使句祈使句间接引语的动词常用间接引语的动词常用tell,order,advise,warnsb.todosth.The officer ordered him not to move.The officer said to him,“Dont move.”15that/what/how引引导的的宾语从句从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.感感叹句句He said:“How happy I am!”161.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworr

9、iedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.IlookedthatdayExercise IIExercise II172.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow183.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalk

10、edalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek194.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrowD.hewouldthenextday205.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafrai

11、dtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat216.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked_about_.A.thatheheardaweekagoB.whathehadheardtheweekbeforeC.whathehadherdaweekagoD.ifheheardtheweekago227.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreaki

12、ntonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_breakinto_.A.willhenexttimeB.wouldhethenexttimeC.hewouldthenexttimeD.hewillnexttime238.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere_holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour249.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaventyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmew

13、hy_yet.A.IhadntleftthereB.IhaventlefthereC.hadntIleftthereD.haventIlefthere2510.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.A.ifriseB.ifrisesC.whetherroseD.whetherdidrise261.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked

14、;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose练一练练一练272.Hesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”He_me_thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dontdoC.toldme;dontdoD.toldme;nottodo283.“Dontputitonmyhat.”hiswifesaidtohim.Hiswifetoldhim_putiton_hat.A.dont,hisB.dont,herC.notto,hisD.notto,her294.RoseaskedTom,“Didyouseemypurse?”RoseaskedT

15、om_.A.whetherthathehadseenherpurseB.whetherhehadseenherpurseC.thatwhetherhehadseenherpurseD.thatifhehasseenherpurse305.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter31解析解析:如果直接引语是如果直接引语是“Whatsthematter?”“Whatswrong?”“Whatsthetrouble?”,变间接引语时语序不变。变间接引语时语序不变。326.

16、Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember337.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalrea

17、dygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.解析解析:反意疑问句要变成反意疑问句要变成whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句.348.Heasked_forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid359.Theboysaid,“MayIgoalongwithyou?”Theboyaskedme_.A.ifImightgoalongwithyouB.ifhemightgoalongwithyouC.ifhemightgoal

18、ongwithme D.ifhemightgoalongwiththeboy3610.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas37练一练练一练1.Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereforthreedays.”2.Hesaidthat_sister_threedays.3.2.Shesaid,”

19、Illgotheretomorrow.”4.Shesaidthat_gothere_.hishadbeenthereforshewouldthenextday383.Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”She_me_him_.4.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoPeter.Father_Peter_thenight_.askedif/whetherIhasseenthenightbeforeaskedwhenhewenttobeforebed395.Thehostsaidtous,“Pleasecometoseeusagainifyouhavetime.”_.Thehostaskedustogotoseethemagainifwehadtime40