阅读理解中如何做推断题

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1、ReadingComprehensionThere are three men on a train.Mr A speaks English and Chinese.Mr B speaksFrench and English.Mr C can only talk with Mr A.What language does Mr C speak?Chinese.inference How to make logical inference?20102011201220132014细节理解细节理解117101110主旨大意主旨大意34332推理判断推理判断910657观点态度观点态度10111词义猜

2、测词义猜测10101types of inferenceInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontextInferencebasedontheauthorsopinionsorattitudes1.We can infer(推断推断)from the passage that _.2.The story suggests(暗示暗示)that _.3.We can conclude(得出结论得出结论)from the passage that _.4.Which of the

3、following might happen later?5.From the passage we can tell/learn _.6.The writer of the passage considers it _.7.Which of the following indicates/implies_?Questionforms:Keypoint:意思要靠推断得出意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬而不是从原文照搬TypeAInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInference based on certain details or facts1)In

4、ferenceaboutdataFamilyRailcardThisrailcardallowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly3eachwhenyoubuysingleorreturntickets.Youcantravelasoftenasyoulikeuntilthecardbecomesoutofdate.Q:Amanboughthimselfaticketof15andthreeticketsforhisfamilywithafamilyrailcard.Howmuchdidhepay?A.44B.29C.24D.1515+3x

5、3Practice It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore.Needless to say,it was too hot to anything outside.But it was also scorching in our apartment.This was1962,and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to

6、find someplace indoors.He suggested we could see a movie.It was a brilliant plan.Q:In which year did the author first live in aplace with an air conditioner?A.1952 B.1962 C.1972 D.19822)InferenceaboutdetailsTokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（蓝宝（蓝宝石

7、）石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butitsdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin_A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuse

8、umC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseumFourpassengerswerekilledand39othersinjuredearlySundayafterabustravelingsouthonBeijing-ZhuhaiFreewaybrokethroughaguardrailandfelloffacliff.TrafficpoliceinShaoguanCity,southChinasGuangdongProvince,saidthebuscarried43passengers.ItsetofffromNanyang,acityincentralChinas

9、HenanProvince,at10a.m.SaturdayheadedforDongguaninGuangdong.AllthepassengerswereresidentsfromZhenpingCountyinNanyangCity.Theaccidenthappenedaround3:46a.m.Sundaywhenthedriverattemptedtoavoidhittinganunidentifiedobjectinfrontofthebus.Youcanclickthelinkandwatchthevideotoknowmoreabouttheaccident.Whereist

10、hispassagetakenfrom?A.NewspaperB.MagazineC.WebsiteD.TVnewsHumanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbu

11、tter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodemlife.Q:Wecanlearnfromtheparagraphthat_.A.foodischosenforagoodreasonB.FrenchandBritishfoodisgoodC.somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffoodD.somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydiet3)InferenceaboutfactsDiscussion:Thebestmethod

12、forsolvingproblemsintypeAis_全文搜索全文搜索 细查勿漏细查勿漏准确理解准确理解 简单计算简单计算依据事实依据事实 理清关系理清关系TypeBInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontextInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontext因果关系：因果关系：for,since,becauseof,thatiswhy,so,therefore.对比关系对比关系:whereas,unlike,instead,otherwisehowever,nevertheless,ontheco

13、ntrary.让步关系：让步关系：although,eventhough,despite,afterall概括关系：概括关系：finally,generally,inaword,inconclusion,inshort.强调关系：强调关系：indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant补充说明关系：补充说明关系：infact,asamatteroffact,inaddition,inthiscase,furthermore.注意注意信息词信息词-航标灯航标灯 (1)(1)利用利用句子句子之间之间承接承接与与转换转换关系推断关系推断 NowandagainIhaveha

14、dhorribledreams,butnotenoughofthemmakemelosemydelightindreams.Mostpeopledonotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabit,likesneezing(打喷嚏打喷嚏).Icanneverunderstandthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifebecausethereisfarlessofit,buttomeitisimportant.Q:Wh

15、atistheauthorsattitudetowarddreaming?A.HelikesitB.Hethinksitpuzzling.B.C.HeusedtolikeitD.Hedislikesit (2)(2)利用利用段落段落的的衔接衔接与与过渡词过渡词推断推断 Wehavesavedasafinalsetofemotionsthetwomostimportantemotions(情感情感)towardsotherpeople:loveanditsopposite,hate.Lovecanbeseeneverywhere.Yetsurprisingly,lovehasbeenthesub

16、jectoflessscientificresearchthanotheremotions,suchasangerandfear.Thereasonforthismaybetwofold.First,loveisaverycomplex(复杂的复杂的)emotion,difficulttodescribeandmeasure.Secondly,unlikemanyextremeemotions,extremeloveisgenerallynotaproblem;thuslessmedicalattentionhasbeenpaidtoit.Q:In previous passage,the a

17、uthor has probably been discussing _.A.the two most important human emotions-love and hateB.some emotions that are only produced by animalsC.some other sets of human emotions than of love and hateD.why love has been the subject of less scientific research (3)(3)抓住抓住特定信息特定信息进行进行逆向逆向或或正向正向推理推理Afterabu

18、sydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthistime,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesoftheday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingmakesitpossibleforyourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.Q:Thetextsuggeststhatnotgettingenoughsleepmightmakeyou_.A.sufferfrompoorhealthB.feeltiredan

19、dnervousC.dreammoreoftenD.breathequicklyDiscussion:ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeBis_弦外之音弦外之音 逻辑分析逻辑分析 防止主观防止主观 错项特征：错项特征：直接陈述直接陈述 未经推理未经推理 必然为错必然为错过过度度引申引申 与文无关与文无关 意在干扰意在干扰TypeCInferencebasedontheauthorsopinionsorattitudesInferencebasedontheauthorsopinionsorattitudesWhatstheauthorsmainpoint

20、?Theauthorseemstoagreethat_Intheauthorsopinion,_Accordingtotheauthor,_Thisauthorsattitudetowards.canbestbedescribedas_Questionsforms:Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto_.Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_表达作者态度常用词汇小结：表达作者态度常用词汇小结：approving approving 赞成的赞成的 critical critical 批评的批评的 ne

21、utral neutral 中立的中立的 suspicioussuspicious/sceptical/sceptical 怀疑的怀疑的 worriedworried 担忧的担忧的 depresseddepressed 沮丧的沮丧的subjective subjective 主观的主观的 objectiveobjective 客观的客观的 confidentconfident 有信心的有信心的 optimisticoptimistic 乐观的乐观的 hostilehostile 敌对的敌对的negativenegative 否定的，反对的否定的，反对的impressedimpressed 有深

22、刻印象的有深刻印象的 doubtfuldoubtful 不敢肯定的不敢肯定的 indifferentindifferent 不感兴趣的不感兴趣的persuasivepersuasive 说服人的说服人的 interested interested 感兴趣的感兴趣的 factual factual 实事求是的实事求是的 questioningquestioning 质问的质问的1)1)注意作者注意作者对比对比的写作方法的写作方法Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe19

23、60sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.“Myparentswereonthebeforesideofthatchange,buttodaysparents,the40-year-olds,wereontheafterside,”explainsMr.Ballmer.“Itsnotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselif

24、eismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.”Q:By saying“todays parents,the 40-year-olds,were on the after side.”the author means that todays parents _.A.follow the trend of the changeB.can set a limit to the changeC.fail to take the change seriouslyD.ha

25、ve little difficulty adjusting to the change解题注意点解题注意点Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammersis

26、dueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!2 2）注意仔细琢磨作者表达注意仔细琢磨作者表达情感和态度情感和态度的的用词方式用词方式肯定：certainly,nodoubt,surely,不太肯定：possibly，maybe,itissaidthat情感色彩：great,terrific,wonderfully,sadly,shameQ:TheattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersisA.appreciativ

27、e.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.3 3）注意作者使用）注意作者使用反语反语Ifoundinmybabysbehaviorametaphorforthenewgeneration.MywifeandIhadgivenhimsomebookstoexamine，buthemerelyspituponthem.Whenwereadtohim，hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Andsoitisintheschools.Wefindthatourstudentsdontreadandlookdownuponreadingandev

28、enscoldthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoiswatchTV.Therefore,Ihavereachedaconclusion:“Letthemwatchit!”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightit?Letthemwatchalltheywant!Q:WhatdoyouthinkistheauthorsattitudetowardsTV?A.Curious.B.Worried.C.Unfavorable.D.Favorable.4 4）注意注意作者

29、作者对事件下的对事件下的结论结论Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder，bribery（行贿），（行贿），anddeathFrankly，ImsickofallthisbadnewsQ:Theauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_AcomplainBapologizeCamuseDinformNooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniform.Uniformsaretotallyunnecessaryinademocraticsocie

30、ty.Uniformtelltheworldthatthepersonwhowearsonehasnovalueasanindividual,thatis,theindividualinauniformlosesself-worth.Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniformgivesasenseofidentificationwithamoreimportantconcept.Butinfact,theindividualhimselfisthemostimportant,ifanorganizationissoweakthatitmustrelyonthe

31、uniformtoinspireitmembers,thatorganizationhasnotrighttocontinueitsexistence.Ontheotherhand,uniformsalsohurttheeconomy.Q:Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto_.A.showthatuniformarepossibleinademocraticsocietyB.advocatestrongergovernmentalcontrolsonthewearingofuniformsC.convincethereaderthat

32、uniformshavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantagesD.advocatedoingawaywithuniforms5 5）注意作者对）注意作者对动作动作,场景场景的描述的描述Bythistimetherewerequiteafewpeoplestandinginlines.Thewordsoonspreadtoothertravelersthatthecomputerwasdown.Somepeoplewentwhite,somepeoplestartedtocryandstillotherskickedtheirluggage.Q:Intheparagrap

33、htheauthorsuggeststhat_.A.amoderncomputerwontbedown.B.computerscantaketheplaceofhumansC.sometimesacomputermaybringsufferingtopeopleD.therewillbegreatchangesincomputersThatpoordoctorjustcouldntgetmyglovesoff.Eachtimehetookasteptowardsme,Ibrokeintopainfulshouting.thedoctorbegantostitch(缝合)myheadwound,

34、notonlydidhemerrily（快乐地）cutoffalonglockofmyhair,butusednoanaesthetic(麻药)either!Whatdidthewriterthinkofthedoctor?A.friendly.B.cruel.C.hardworking.D.kind推推断断题题 解题总结解题总结 ：依据事实依据事实 把握细节把握细节 简单计算简单计算 段首段尾段首段尾 图文标题图文标题 细细查查勿漏勿漏 作者态度作者态度 遣词用句遣词用句 推敲揣摩推敲揣摩 把握整体把握整体 证据串联证据串联 攻无不胜攻无不胜选项错误类型：选项错误类型：弦外之音弦外之音 逻辑

35、分析逻辑分析 防止主观防止主观过度引申过度引申 与文无关与文无关 意在干扰意在干扰直接陈述直接陈述 未经推理未经推理 必然为错必然为错巩固练习巩固练习Challengeyourself(1)Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalledthedeathwatchbeetle.Q:Thes

36、oundofthisbeetle_.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.(2)Theeasywayoutisntalwayseasiest.AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.Ihadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldnthavetofaceDouglaughin

37、gatmywork,IdontknowwhowasmoreembarrassedbythewholethingDougorme.Q:Thewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryis_A.totellaninterestingexperienceB.toshowtheeasiestwayoutofdifficultyC.todescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwomanD.toexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks（3）AU.S.Couplehavesucceededina55-m

38、eterfalloverHorseshoeFallsinabarrel(木桶木桶)withonlyslighthurts.HorseshoeFallsistheCanadianpartofNiagaraFalls.StevenTrotterofFloridaandLoriMartinofAtlantatreatedatahospitalforsmallhurtsafterdroppingoverthefallsasaFathersDayshow.Policetookanhourtofreethebarrelwrappedwithbulletproof(防弹的防弹的)materialandcov

39、eredinthickplastics,fromrocksatthebaseofthefall.Q:WhichofthefollowinggivesthecorrectrelationshipbetweenCanada,NiagaraFallsandHorseshoeFalls?ABCMHCNHCNHCHNCD(4)Livinginaresidencehall（学生宿舍）（学生宿舍）carriescertainobligation.（义务）（义务）Youhavetobeconsiderateofothers,especiallyduringstudyhours.Telephonecallsan

40、dvisitsbyfriendsshouldbeshort.Youhavetocooperateinkeepingtheroomassanitary（卫生）（卫生）aspossible.Itissometimeshardtobetolerantofanotherpersonshabitsthatmaydifferfromyourown.Q:Fromthispassage,welearnthatifyouliveinadormitoryyoumustlearntobetolerantof_?A)YourroommatestelephonecallsB)Habitsthatmaydifferfro

41、myourownC)VisitsbyyourroommatesfriendsD)Roommateswhoareunsanitary(5)Neverbeforeinhistoryhavepeoplebeensoawareofwhatisgoingonintheworld.Television,newspapers,radiokeepuscontinuallyinformedandstimulatedourinterest.Thesociologistsinterestintheworldaroundhimisintense,forsocietyishisfieldofstudy.Asananal

42、yst,hemustbewellacquaintedwithabroadrangeofhappeningsandmustunderstandbasicsocialprocesses.Hewantstonowwhatmakesthesocialwhatitis,howitisorganized,whyitchangesinthewaythatitdoes.Suchknowledgeisvaluablenotonlyforthosewhomakegreatdecisions,butalsoforyou,sincethisistheworldinwhichyouliveandmakeyourway.Thepassagechieflyconcerns_.A.theworkofasociologistB.thenewmediaC.modernsocietyD.decision-makersHomeworkFinishtheconsolidationexercises