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1、第二讲形容词、副词和第二讲形容词、副词和比较等级比较等级思维导图.形容词和副词的基本用法1.评注性状语有些副词，如fortunately，luckily，surprisingly，honestly，actually，personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。2.连接副词(1)表递进：besides，further，then，moreover，still等。(2)表结果：therefore，consequently，accordingly，thus等。(3)表转折：though，instead，otherwise，however，yet等。(
2、4)表等同：similarly，equally等。(5)表对比：rather，oppositely等。(6)表概括：altogether，generally等。(7)表列举：first(ly)，second(ly)，finally等。(8)表同位：namely等。(9)表时间：meanwhile，sometimes，occasionally等。(10)表特指：mainly，mostly，particularly，especially等。(11)表让步：anyway，anyhow等。I dont like it;besides，its too expensive.我不喜欢它，而且它太贵了。Pla
3、ying on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun.Isnt it rather risky，though?在结冰的运动场地上玩耍听起来很有趣，然而，这难道不是太冒险吗？3.易混淆的词beside 在旁边besides 此外，而且late 迟的，晚的later 多久以后latest 最近的，最新的ago 以前(以现在为起点)before 以前(以过去为起点)somewhere 某处everywhere 到处high 在高处；高highly 高度地；很；非常wide 充分地widely 广泛地；普遍地deep 深深地deeply 深刻地；
4、深沉地free 免费地freely 自由地；畅通地close 接近；紧挨着closely 仔细地；紧密地 hard 努力地hardly 几乎不near 在附近nearly 几乎，差不多.比较级和最高级一、形容词与副词比较等级的构成形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。1.规则变化词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加-er或-esttalllongtallerlongertallestlongest以e结尾的，只加-r或-stnicefinenicerfinernicestfine
5、st以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggest hottestfattest单音节词和少数双音节词以“辅音字母y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiest easiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultbeautifulmoredifficultmorebeautifulmostdifficultmostbeautiful名师指津 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，per
6、fect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、形容词与副词比较等级的用法1.平级比较(1)用as.as.，not.as/so.as引导Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is).亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。Henry does not have as/so many
7、 books as I have.亨利的书不如我的多。(2)as形容词as数量词数量词形容词The building is as tall as 100 meters.The building is 100 meters tall.这幢楼有100米高。2.表示比较的特殊结构(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the比较级，the比较级”，意为“越就越”。The busier he is，the happier he feels.他越忙就越感到高兴。(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”。Our school is becoming
8、 more and more beautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。(3)表示“和一样不”时，用“no比较级than”结构。You are no taller than I.你和我一样矮。3.比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式I have never spent a more worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。否定式谓语比较级：比较级than any other单数名词比较级than all the other复数名词比较级than anyone/anything else比较级than any of the other复数名词比较级than the rest o
9、f复数名词或不可数名词Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.Every
10、morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的学生。4.最高级的句型(1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城
11、市之一。(3)序数词形容词最高级名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。5.比较级和最高级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather，much，still，even，a lot，a little，a great deal，(by)far，a bit等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really以及序数词等。Id l
12、ike to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。名师指津 by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。The book is better by far than that one.这本书要比那本书好得多。He is by far the taller of the two brothers.他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。6.倍数表达法Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.Our classroom is
13、three times larger than theirs.Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。倍数as形容词/副词原级as倍数形容词/副词的比较级than倍数the名词of倍数what从句看到四种情况，想到比较等级看到四种情况，想到比较等级一、看到与than连用，要想到用比较级例1 Finally，that hard work paid off
14、and now the water in the river is_(clean)than ever.(新课标全国卷)分析 cleaner根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。例2 After a few months，we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before.分析 strongstronger根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级
15、。故将strong改为stronger。二、看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级例3 They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016全国卷)分析 worseworst由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。三、看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)例4 After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months _(ea
16、rly)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(广东高考)分析 earlier由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。四、看到下列固定搭配，要想到比较等级1.the比较级.，the比较级.例5 The_(hard)you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.(辽宁高考)分析 harder分析句子结构可知此句为“the比较级.，the比较级.”句式，表示“越，就越”。故填harder。2.the最高级标志性词语或从句例6 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(陕西高考)分析 betterbest此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“in the world”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为best。
【高中英语语法公开课】第二讲-形容词、副词和比较等级课件
