高中状语从句讲解

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1、Adverbial Clause N.Adj.Adv. 状语时用来修饰 词, 词, 词或 的一种句子成分.它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。其中,副词,介词,介词短语,分词(短语),名词,不定式,句子都可充当状语。 当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句。分类如下：动形容副句子 状语从句1. 时间状语从句2. 地点状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 条件状语从句5. 让步状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 结果状语从句8. 方式状语从句9. 比较状语从句 一 状 语 从 句 高 考 的 考 查 特 点1. 试 题 的 设 问 呈 现 出 交 叉 和 综 合 的 特

2、 点(不 同 性 质 的 连 词 ; 定 语 从 句 和 名 词 性 从 句 的 干 扰 )2. 题 干 句 的 情 景 化 增 强 ,句 意 理 解 难 度 提 高G o back where you lived._G o back to the village where you lived._where前有定语从句的先行词状语从句定语从句 二 能 力 要 求 ：1.了 解 状 语 从 句 的 分 类 情 况 及 各 种 状 语 从 句 中 经 常 使 用 的 连 词2.能 够 在 真 实 的 语 境 中 判 定 从 句 与 主 句 的 逻 辑 关 系 ,从 而 能 够 使 用 恰 当 的

3、 连 词 完 成 交 际 . 3.能 够 辨 别 同 类 状 语 从 句 中 近 似 连 词 的 用 法 区 别 . 常见考点： 考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题； 考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when引导时间状语从句；because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句；if / unless引导条件状语从句；sothat / suchthat引导结果状语从句等）； 考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换； 考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcelywhen；no soonerthan等） 时间状语从句引导时间状语从

4、句的从属连词1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc.2. 名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一就); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, etc. 3. 副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.)4.句型类：no soonerthan, ha

5、rdly/scarcely when, etc. (一就)e.g. I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work.e.g .Scarcely had he gone when she appeared.用于句首时应引起部分倒装, 且前部分一般用过去完成时 as引导的时间状语从句, 可以表达“正当”， “一 边一边”，“随着”等意思。1. 表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生。 As the sun rose, the fog disappeared. 2. 表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生。 Just as he was speaki

6、ng there was a loud explosion. 3. 表示两个动作同时发生。(一边一边) Helen sang a song as she washed. 4. 表示“随着.”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。As she grew older, she became more beautiful. 1. as, while , when的区别 while:持续性动词 进行时一般或现在情况将来情况V一般现在时或现在进行时过去情况e.g. I like listening to music while I am doing

7、 my homework.e.g. Im going to the post office. - While you are there, can you get some stamps for me?e.g. I hurt my shoulder while I was doing gym.while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的，它引导的从句用延续性动词，若从句中是非延续性动词，则不用while. 侧重于主从两个动作或状态的对比 。p207 While I was walking down the street, I came ac

8、ross an old friend. ( while=_)While I really don t like art, I find his work impressive. ( while =_ )While there is life there is hope. (while = _ )He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. （while=_）whenalthough as long asWhile 在句中的不同含义:however while用法的归纳.作并列连词,意为“然而,却”,表对比(=however)H e lik

9、es football while his brother likes basketball.2. 引导时状从句(=when) While he was doing his homework, his mother came in.引让状从句,表“虽然,尽管”,置于句首(=although)While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.引导条状从句,表“只要”(=as long as)Ill do everything for you while you are happy. when: 持续性非持续性动词都可当时就在那时，

10、正在这时=and at this /that timee.g. When I first saw her, I fell in love with her. -When did you get home? -It was eight oclock when I got home. 1)They were walking down the street when they saw an accident. (A=B)2) I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. (AB)3）I had just finished my work

11、when he came back. (AB) 尽管虽然鉴于如果届时1.He walks when he might take a taxi.2. The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital.3. How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?4.How could I live in Los Angeles when all my favorite people live here? 虽 然届 时如 果鉴 于 , 既 然 wh

12、en 还有一些较为灵活的翻译: 1 When he _ (come) back, please tell him to meet me at my office. comes2 I will tell him when she _back.3 I would tell him when she _escame4 -When _ you come to see me,Dad?-I will go to see you when you _ the training coursing.A.do; will have finished B.will; will finish C.do; are fi

13、nishing D. will; finish时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时 He fell asleep _ he was reading.I kept silent _ he was writing.She sang _ she went along.It was raining hard _ we arrived.I thought of it just _you opened your mouth.Things are getting better and better _ time goes on.Its cold _ it snows.I wi

14、ll go home _ he comes back.We were about to start _ it began to rain.He likes coffee, _ she likes tea._ a boy, he lived in Japan. _ reading, he fell asleep._ in trouble, ask her for help. when/while/aswhileas when/aswhen/as aswhenwhen whenwhileAs/When When/WhileWhen/While 主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作

15、主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间同时进行, “一边一边”主句-持续性动作, 从句-短暂性动作主从句-几乎同时发生的短暂性动作正在发展变化的情况, “随着”“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性)有先后顺序表示“这时(突然)”“而”、“却”(表示对比) as / when +名词，构成省略句,while无此用法 when / while +现在分词/介词短语/形容词等构成省略句，但 as 一般不这样用 before引导的时间状语从句 before引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 1. We clean the c

16、lassroom before we leave school every day. 2. It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。 after引导的时间状语从句 after引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。 After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about.用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。 连接词before的小结：1. We had sailed four days and four

17、 nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word, he walked away. “ 才 ” “ 不 到 .就 ” “趁 ” “还 没 来 得 及 ” 从句中常含有情态动词can/could1）句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过/过了 多久才” 如：It will be two years before he leaves the c

18、ountry. It was two years before he left the country 2）句型It will not be/was not一段时间before“不多久就”如： It wasnt two years before he left the country. since引导的时间状语从句 since引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。We havent seen each other since we parted/broke up.常用句型：It has been (is) + 时间

19、段 + since从句 “自从有多长时间了 ”例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。It has been (is) six years since she graduated from the university. since的用法：since表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，“自.以 来”引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，从句中用一般过去时。Ive been living here since I came to Beijing.I have written home four times since I came here. 常用句型： it is (has

20、 been).+ since +一般过去时It is/has been five years since I began to learn English. since句型中如果从句谓语是延续性的动作或状态，则它所表示的时间从该动作或状态结束时算起！（否定含义）如：It is 3 years sinceI began to smokeI smoked (gave up smoking 自从我戒烟以来).(自从我开始抽烟以来). It is 5 years sinceI have never seen himsince he joined the army.he was a soldier.he

21、 fell ill.he was ill.生病以来.病愈以来. 翻译：It has been 5 years since he lived here退伍以来.他离开这已经有五年时间了。 until/ till引导的时间状语从句 until / till 引导的时间状语从句，常译为“直到时”，表示主句动作发生在从句之前。 当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。Ill stay here until you come back. 当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时, 主句常用否定形式。 not until“直到才”，这时until 可用before替换。He

22、didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. 例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。 not.until的倒装句和强调句。H e didnt stop until he had finished all his work .倒装句: Not until he had finished all his work did he stop.强调句: It was not until he had finished all his work that he stopped.强调句句式为：It was/is not until that as soon as引导的

23、时间状语从句 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，译为“一就”，表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。 例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back. 相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.Ill give him your message the minute he arrives. Directly I had done it, I knew I

24、 had made a mistake. 名词短语引导的时间状语从句 the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the day, by the time, each time, every time, next time, any time等也可以引导时间状语从句。I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her. By the time you arrived, the lecture had already ended. By the time he come

25、s, we will already have left. By the time的用法这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。By the time he was 12, _ to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.到12岁时，他已去过30多个国家治疗疾病。By the time I graduate next year, I _ here for 5 years.到明年毕业时，我将在这里待了5年了。By the time he went abroad, _. = when出国那年，他14岁。he had trave

26、led I will have lived he was fourteen. 1. When every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me. 2. At next time you come, do remember bring your son here. 3. For the first time I met the girl. I felt in love with her. 4. You are welcome to come back at any time you want to. 5. At the last time

27、 she saw James, he was lying in bed.语法规则：every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句 其他连词引导的时间状语从句 no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/ barelywhen引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。（情态动词/be动词/助动词提至主语前）I had no sooner

28、begun to talk than he rang off. No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off. 我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。 1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the

29、consumers A. when B. until C. before D. since3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. since C. As D. While4. He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while 地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导（可理解为特指与泛指）e.g. a. Just stay where yo

30、u are. b. Where there is a will, there is a way. c. You can sit wherever you like. d. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you.1.When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him. A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which There are plenty of trees_. 我 住

31、的 地 方 树 很 多 。_I will be thinking of you. 不 管 我 在 哪 里 我 都 会 想 到 你 。_, I will be right here waiting for you!不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都会在这等着你！ where I liveWherever I amWherever you go, whatever you do Bamboo grows well where it is warm and wet.You may go wherever you like. 有时，- where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如： Everywhe

32、re they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed. Well go anywhere the Party directs us. 引导词：where，wherever Ill go wherever he goes. Ill go where he went. -Can you tell me _ you are from? -It is not important _ I came from. A.when; whenever B.where ;wherever C.the place ;where D.wherever;wh

33、ere我要去他去的地方.他去哪我就去哪. 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.-Where do you plan to work?-Ive made up my mind to go _Im most needed.A.to the place B. to which C.that D. where2.I will go to a country for a holiday _ there are a lot of flowers and trees.A.in the place B.where C.which D.wherever辨析:Go back where you came from.G

34、o back to the village where you came from. 原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because, as, since, now that, for,和considering that, seeing that 这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。e.g. He didnt come to school because he was ill.c.f. He might be ill, for he didnt come to school.表示“直接”原因。表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现

35、在句首。 原因状语从句 1) because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来回答why的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如： He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill. 2) since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days? 3) as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”

36、。如： As its getting darker, we must go home now. 4) for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如： It must have rained last night, for the ground is wetNow that ,seeing that, when. because, since, as, for的区别:because直接原因，非推断语气最强 回答why的问题。since 通常放句首译为“既然”as 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。for 放句中，引导后半句表原因, 或补充推断 的理由。 1.

37、I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.2. Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do a lot of walking.3. _ he was not well, I decided to go without him.4. _ everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more.5. He must be ill, _ he is absent Today.6. Some people believe that _ oil is running o

38、ut, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.becauseasAsSince for since 1. 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since. 2. because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以，这时主语一般都是it, this, that It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us. Its_ he is too lazy.3. since表示“既然”，只能放主句前._ we have no money, we cant buy that v

39、ase.because用because, as, since 填空becauseSince 条 件 状 语 从 句 表 示 主 句 中 的 某 一 动 作 或 状 态是 在 什 么 情 况 或 条 件 下 发 生 的 。 条 件 状 语 从 句中 通 常 用 一 般 现 在 时 表 示 将 来 。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。e.g. a.Well come over

40、to see you on Saturday if we have time.b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live. 1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road.A. as soon as B. as far asC. as long as D. as well as2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first

41、 aid, we can save lives.B. whether B. untilC. if D. unless3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When _ you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”. _ they are dirty, certain seas are not able to clean themselves. _ we dont lose heart

42、, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. You can be allowed to play the game _you finish your homework first. Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to. IfOnceAs long as on condition thatunless 在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though,no matter + 疑问词(what/ wh

43、o/ where/ when/ which/ how)疑问词-ever(whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever)特殊引导词： as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)， while ( 一般用在句首 )， whether or , whether () or not though, although 判断以下句子是否正确：Although he is rich, but he is not happy. Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. Although we have

44、grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 要点归纳：though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和 but 连用. 但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. ever if, even thougheven if 和 even though 表示“ ” 即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. as引导让步状语从句 as 引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的 、 、以及谓语中的 提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需 。 表语状语实意动词省略Tho

45、ugh he works hard, he makes little progress. Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress. Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Though you may object, Ill go.Object as you may, Ill go. whether or , whether

46、() or notwhether or , whether or not 表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”。其引导的从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Whether you believe it or not, it is true. Youll have to attend the party whether you are free or busy. while 也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，语气比though/ although弱。其引导的从句一般位于 。句首例句：我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。While I like its color, I d

47、ont like its shape. no matter + 疑问词 疑问词-everNo matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 判断正误：No matter w

48、hat you say is of no use now. Whatever you say is of no use now. 归纳：no matter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句，而 “疑问词+ever”则可以 1. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. since C. Before D. Unless2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, _ the expen

49、ses have risen. A. as long as B. even though C. now that D. as though3. I really want the match, however much _. A. does it cost B. costs it C. will it cost D. it costs 4. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A. For now B. Now that C. By now D. until5. _, the idea

50、of having to work under a woman defeated him. A. Wanting the job very much B. Although wanting the job badly C. Though he wanted the job very much D. He wanted the job badly 引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that 用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。so that a. 较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省; 从句中要有情态动词, 否则, 就成为下一种句型：b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。

51、for fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。 e.g. a. Well sit nearer the front so that we can hear better. b. I shall write it down lest I should forget. 注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用 so as to do 或 in order to do e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock. He ran fast so as to arrive there before

52、ten oclock. 结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由 so, so that, such that; so that 等引导。 a. So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him. b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk home. c. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.d. He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left. 描述

53、主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导: as, just as, as if, as though, the way (that), in the way (that)等。 a. We must do as the Party tells us. b. Leave the things as they are. c. Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. d. It sounds as if it is raining. e. They did it in a way that I had never seen

54、 before. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事。 f. As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水 比较状语从句常由下列词语引导： as as, not so / as as, morethan, less than, the more + adj. / adv., the more + adj. / adv.a. He is not so / as healthy as his brother. b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. c. John is less

55、clever than Peter.d. The busier he is, the happier he feels.e. The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.f. Send for a doctor as soon as (it is ) possible. 1. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as2. If things are left _ they are, th

56、e problems will never be settled, Im afraid. A. how B. as C. what D. where3. Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as4. I dare not go there _ my parents will see me. A. in case of B. for fear of C. in order

57、 that D. for fear that 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where和as为例，能引导多种从句。1. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）2. Tell me the address where he lives. （定语从句，句中有先行词）3. I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）4. Where he has gone is not known yet. （主语从句）5. This place is where they onc

58、e hid. （表语从句） “as” 用于不同的状语从句中1. She sang as she worked. 2. Smart as he is ,he doesnt study hard.3. You must try to do as I did.4. She doesnt do her work as carefully as I.5. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry. 部分状语从句可用省略形式： even if, if , once, while, though, unless, when, as if etc.1. T

59、he flower his friends gave him will die unless (it is) watered every day.2. Even if (I am) invited, I wont go there.3. Once (you are) caught sleeping in class, youll be punished by your head-teacher .4. Though (he was) surprised to see us, he gave us a warm welcome.5. She wont speak to anyone unless (she is) asked to.6. When (it is) compared with the old one, our new house is really like a palace. 7. These young man volunteered to go wherever (they are) needed.