中英诗歌比较与欣赏unit5资料

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1、中英诗歌比较与欣赏中英诗歌比较与欣赏unit5unit5 Lets begin with the topic by reading the following ancient Chinese poems:乌衣巷刘禹锡朱雀桥边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜。旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家。English VersionBy the Bridge of Red rank grasses overgrow;Oer the Street of Mansions the stetting sun hangs low;Swallows which skimmed by painted eaves in bygon

2、e daysAre now dipping among common peoples doorways.金陵图 韦庄江雨霏霏江草齐，六朝如梦鸟空啼。无情最是台城柳，依旧烟笼十里堤。English VersionThough a shower bends the river-grass,a bird is singing.While ghosts of the Six Dynasties pass like a dream Around the forbidden City,under weeping willowWhich loom still for three miles along th

3、e misty moat.天净沙秋思 （元）马致远枯藤老树昏鸦。小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下。断肠人在天涯。English VersionWithered vines,aged trees,twilight crows.Beneath the little bridge by the cottage the river flows.On the ancient road and lean horse the west wind blows.The evening sun westward goes,As a broken-hearted man stands at heavens cl

4、ose.Analysis These poems are well-known for their use of images.In the first one,the poet employs the images,“grasses”,“setting sun”,and“swallows”,the rank grasses decorated the Bridge of Red with a tint of desolation,and the“setting sun”covered the forsaken Street of Mansions with a film of forlorn

5、ness，specially,the“skimming swallows”reveals the vicissitudes of human affairs.The images are responsible for the great success of this poem.What is yixiang(意象)?Yixiang(意象)in Chinese is actually a compound word,consisting of two separate words yi(意)and xiang(象),the two of which have their own meanin

6、gs.Lets begin with several talks by our ancestors concerned with“yixiang”:1.“The sages established the images to give the fullness of the concepts in their mind”.圣人立象以尽意 2.”the uniquely discerning carpenter wield his ax with his eye to the concept-image.”独照之匠，窥意象而运斤，3.“As the concept-image is about

7、to emerge,The process of creation is already wondrous”意象欲出，造化已奇，In the first expression,image is“象”and concept is“意”.“意”and“象”are separated.Here,“意”refers to ones mental action or concept,viz.ones aesthetic experience or personality,etc.;while“象”suggests external being or beings that may come into o

8、nes mentality and become the target of mental actions.In the second expression,apparently,”意象”refers to the“physical shape”in ones mind,out of which the carpenter can make an implement.The third“意象”is something existing in the mind,shapeless and fluid.The last two terms are actual the”象“in the maker

9、s mind,which hasnt found its way into the works.Comment Anyway,from all these expressions,we can find that it is inappropriate to translate“意象”into a single word image,because certain connotations get lost in such a simple word;yet it is not so considerate to put“象”into image,for it may cause confus

10、ion.The word object may make a better translation of“象”,but it is too narrow in its referent.Professor Richards preferably chose the connotative word vehicle.Vehicle means something by means of which something else can be passed in or spread or a means of transmission and communication.As for“意”,he

11、used the word tenor.The purpose of poetry creation is to express what is in poets mind;therefore,the vehicle by which they pour out their feelings can be concrete things or something abstract such as a memory,an allegory,or a fantasy.Here,those concrete things of vehicle are named physical objects a

12、nd those ancient anecdotes such as allegories and fantasies,etc.,real o r i m a g i n a r y,a l l u s i o n s.Physical Object Physical objects are often employed to convey poets feelings,for it is required that poetic language be concrete rather than abstract.They are natural vehicles that bridge po

13、ets feelings and poetry.Example The word cloud in everyday use refers to“visible water vapor floating in the air”.When it comes into poets mind,it will have a new meaning,viz.,a different tenor,which can convey poets feelings.Take Tao Yuanmings poem The Pending Clouds for example.When cloud is used

14、together with pending,it gains a new tenor,longing for ones family or bosom friends.Note:The Pending Clouds停云.Allusions To demonstrate their feelings,poets can choose allusions rather than only resort to physical objects.Example Take Meng Jiaos Leave Me Not for instance.The wife fears her husbands s

15、hift of his love.Instead of straightforward advice or a warning“dont accost another woman”,she cleverly chooses an expression“莫向临邛去”.“临邛”is an allusion bodying forth the love affair between Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun in the Han Dynasty.Here it is loaned to allude to the husbands finding a new love

16、r.ConclusionWhat is image?Image refers to objective vehicle permeated with the poets subjective tenor or the poets subjective tenor presented by means of objective vehicle.In sum,it is combination of vehicle and tenor.Whats the Function of ImageAfter making clear the meaning of image,lets come to di

17、scuss the function of image.II.The Fuzzification of Image From the above,we can find that image consists of vehicle and tenor,and when poets entrust their tenors,or say,their intentions to vehicles,image takes the duty as a medium to which poets can naturally resort to express their feelings in a ro

18、undabout way.In addition,owing to the fact that one vehicle usually has more than one tenor,one image allows of multiple interpretations.This effect is achieved when physical objects combine their tenors to form images by means of comparison and stirring,or when allusions are in use.Therefore,image

19、plays an important role in creating fuzzy beauty of classical Chinese poetry.Apart from that,when images are modified by approximate numbers or reduplicated words,poetry also gains a touch of fuzzy beauty.The same is with images deprived of person,time and place.(I)Poetic fuzzy beauty in combination

20、 of vehicle and tenor Comparison is used to negotiate the different objects with the same tenor,called“vehicle contained in tenor while stirring is borrowed to reveal the similar tenors by means of similar vehicles,called“tenor represented in vehicle”vehicle contained in tenor 意中之象.tenor represented

21、 in vehicle 象中之意.To create an image and make it understandable,original and poetical,poets are likely to compare familiar things with their abstract thinking.By analogy,readers can easily get a clear picture,thus finishing the process of combining“tenor”(what is in poets mind)and“vehicle”(things bor

22、rowed to compare).Take Zhang Jiulings poem“Since You,Sir,Went Away”for example:赋得自君之出矣赋得自君之出矣 （唐）张九龄自君之出矣，不复理残机。思君如满月，夜夜减清辉。Since You,Sir,Went AwayEver since you left,my lord,The loom Ive so long ignored.I yearn like the moon full-brightAnd grow more pale with each night.Analysis The poem,trying to

23、create an image of a woman missing her faraway husband,adopts a simile to combine the tenor(the ladys missing for her husband)and its vehicle(the moon)together.The moon is seldom related to a person,but in this poem,it obtains its originality when compared to a miserable wife.The moon is at its full

24、 in the middle of months and then with the movement of the earth,it will change from full to crescent,that is,wane from brightness to darkness.The poet,instead of describing the womans beautiful face changing from roundness to skinniness,found some similarities between a full moon and a happy wife.T

25、he round-faced wife is like a full moon when her husband is near while the bony-faced wife is like a waning moon when her beloved is far away.Her face pines away out of much yearning.Thus,the vehicle(the waning moon)and the poets thought(an emaciating face)are combined successfully to create an exqu

26、isite image of a yearning wife.Simile,metaphor and personification can help to link up such tenors and vehicles,during which process the latter often acquire more meanings or tenors.Since the compared are often associated with different connotations while there is only one written form(vehicle),poet

27、ry is surely pregnant in meanings,suggestive and reserved.(II)Poetic fuzzy beauty in allusion The application of allusions is also a good way to combine tenor and vehicle,though the latter is borrowed from others rather than the real situation of poets themselves.When poets focus on part and parcel

28、of an allusion,they definitely leave the rest behind them.Readers,however,when reading a poem with an allusion,they unnecessarily see eye to eye with the poet on the connotation of the allusion because the few words present a long story,from which the poet select a part that suits his feelings but r

29、eaders may associate more things than that.The difference in understanding and readers license of different interpretations endow the poem with richer meanings than it otherwise should have.长干行十五始展眉，愿同尘与灰。常存抱柱信，岂上望夫台。At fifteen,my scowl began to soften.I wanted us mingled as dust and ash,And you alw

30、ays stood fast here for me,No tower vigils awaiting your return.At fifteen,a year after I became your young wife,I began to taste the honey of our love.Intoxicated with your heated love,I desired to be mingled with you as dust and ash.You were always so loyal and devoted.I was as happy as happy coul

31、d be.Never had I thought that I would become a poor girl going to a high tower expecting the lover day and night.“抱柱”and“望夫台”possess poetic fuzzy beauty.Allusive images usually bear rich meanings and wide associative space.In this poem,the bride alludes to their eternal love which is like that of Weishengs.Poetry for Chanting The EagleHe clasps the crag with crooked hands;Close to the sun in lonely lands,Ringed with the azure world,he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:He watches from his mountains walls,And lime a thunderbolt he falls.-TennysonThats all for tonight Thank You结束结束