分句、合句法

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1、英汉翻译-分句、合句法英汉两种语言在句法结构上存在很大差异。英语重形合形合，连接词较为发达，句子结构层层包孕，句子在空间上呈大树型大树型结构，长句长句较多较多。汉语重意合意合，句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词，积词成句，积句成章，流水句较多，呈线性排列，一句接一句，短句较多短句较多，句子结构呈竹竿型竹竿型分布。定义分句法-把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。合句法-把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。一一 分句法分句法（一）把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。（二）把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两

2、个以上的句子。（三）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。一、分句法一、分句法（一）、把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原（一）、把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。副词 1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.译文：中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。3)They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.译文：他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。4)He

3、wished he were at home.Ordinarily,he would have been there three hours ago.译文：他真愿那时候已在家里。要是在往常的日子里，他早已到家三小时了。5)Illogically,she had expected some kind of 5)Illogically,she had expected some kind of miracle solution.miracle solution.译文：她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不译文：她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不合情理的事。合情理的事。6)But,occasio

4、nally,through haste or 6)But,occasionally,through haste or carelessness,mistakes were made,so that at carelessness,mistakes were made,so that at the end of the business day one teller would the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash,the other long.be short on cash,the other long.译

5、文：但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或译文：但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。形容词1）Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of“self-reliance”.译文：毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时，也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。2）That region was the most identifiable tro

6、uble spot.译文：那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。3)He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers;now that contempt was no longer cordial.译文：长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感，现在，除看不起他之外，亲切感也没有了。4)He stalked away,but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast.译文：他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼。名词1)A movie of me leaving th

7、at foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.译文：我离开哪个担任掩体速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会象出膛的子弹一样。2)He shook his head and his eyes were wide,then narrowed in indignation.译文：他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。3)As a place to live,it left much to be desired.As 3)As a place to live,it left much to be desired.As a

8、secret training base for a revolutionary new a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane,it was an excellent site,its remoteness plane,it was an excellent site,its remoteness effectively masking its activityeffectively masking its activity译文：作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处。但译文：作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处。但作为完全新型飞机

9、的秘密训练基地切实非常理作为完全新型飞机的秘密训练基地切实非常理想的。它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动想的。它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动4)The inside of each tent depended on the 4)The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.personality of its occupants.译文：每个帐篷内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者译文：每个帐篷内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。的性格了。（二）把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个（二）把原文中的一

10、个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。分词短语）They were at home in the home of the people,moving confidently without fear.译文：他们在群众家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。）She sat with her hands cupping her chin,staring at a corner of the little kitchen.译文：她坐在那儿双手拖着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。）Sunrays filtered in wherever they c

11、ould,driving out darkness and choking the shadows.译文：阳光射入了它所能透过的所以地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。）He was lying on his side watching her.译文：他侧身躺着。双目凝视着她。）But they had become nomads of the desert,living on the ground and under the sky,and they loved it.译文：可是他们都变成沙漠里的牧民了，生活在苍天之下，黄土之上。他们可也喜欢这种生活。名词短语）I wrote four books

12、 in the first three years,a record never touched before.译文：我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。）The military is forbidden to“kill”the vessel,a relatively easy task.译文：（政府）禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁该艇并不怎么费事。）The station chief would have to be close to the director,a member of the inner circle.译文：这位站长就得接近董事，因为董事是核心集团的成员。）Ener

13、gy can neither be created nor destroyed,a universally accepted law.译文：能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。）The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food.译文：这个医院伙食好，这点已远近闻名了。前置词短语 1 1）In August 1946,on my fifth trip through China,In August 1946,on my fifth trip through China,bound for my Moscow home

14、but not in haste,bound for my Moscow home but not in haste,since my husband had died in the war,I came since my husband had died in the war,I came to to YananYanan.译文：译文：19461946年八月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五年八月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了，次路过中国；由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。2 2）Their power

15、increased with their number.Their power increased with their number.译文：他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。译文：他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。3）He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.译文：他来到华盛顿，就国际形式来说，时机正合适。4)Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.译文：医生和伤病员常常叹气一种神奇的药物，而且谈时几乎都带着一种

16、敬畏的口气。5)The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.译文：答案一直摆在那里，可（他）就是没有拿到手。6)Mr.Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it,unusual to Rob.译文：麦尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。简单句拆译简单句拆译Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.译文：译文

17、：同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。（在主谓连接处拆译）（在主谓连接处拆译）2.Chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh dispeopled the streets.译文：阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几译文：阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么人了。乎没有什么人了。赏析：赏析：为了使译句能够体现汉语句式的特点，译为了使译句能够体现汉语句式的特点，译者进行了结构调整，将原文一句切分成四个短语者进行了结构调整，将原文一句切分成四个短语（小句），充分利用句子内部语义上

18、的联系，不（小句），充分利用句子内部语义上的联系，不用任何关联词，由风到雨，到街再到人，用白描用任何关联词，由风到雨，到街再到人，用白描的手法将一幅寒夜凄雨图呈现在读者面前。的手法将一幅寒夜凄雨图呈现在读者面前。2）并列复合句拆译）并列复合句拆译并列英语复合句常常在并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处分句连接处加以切分，译加以切分，译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如：成两个或两个以上的句子。例如：The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in the racially conscious 19th century Amer

19、ica and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large numbers.译文：译文：在种族意识十分强烈的在种族意识十分强烈的19 世纪的美国，招世纪的美国，招募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人们所接受。由于募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人们所接受。由于工地上出现大批中国劳工，某些白人工人感到心工地上出现大批中国劳工，某些白人工人感到心绪不安。（绪不安。（在连词在连词and 处切分）处切分）3）主从复合句的分译）主从复合句的分译英语复合句汉译时常在英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处分句连接处加以切分，分加以切分，分译成两个或

20、两个以上的句子。译成两个或两个以上的句子。1.A bankable actor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a film.译文：译文：所谓所谓“摇钱树摇钱树”的演员就是指这样一种演员：的演员就是指这样一种演员：制片人只需抬出其大名来就可以筹措到足够摄制制片人只需抬出其大名来就可以筹措到足够摄制一部影片的经费。一部影片的经费。（在（在with whose 前切分）前切分）2.I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for whic

21、h the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.译文：译文：我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界的。人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界的。（在定语从句前拆译）（在定语从句前拆译）（三）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。1）Sometimes Mrs.Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat.译文：有时，克罗斯太太一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。2）Sh

22、e had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.译文：她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。3）But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.译文：但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。4）His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted

23、in an accident to the machinery.译文：因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。5)The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily 5)The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees.bearing fruit trees.译文：屋后是个宽敞的院子，大部分都给果实累累译文：屋后是个宽敞的院子，大部分都给果实累累的果树占据了。的果树占据了。6)David opened the door,and Arthur went out 6)Davi

24、d opened the door,and Arthur went out into the rain.into the rain.译文：大卫把门打开，亚瑟走出去，冒着雨。译文：大卫把门打开，亚瑟走出去，冒着雨。7)He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.h

25、old his peace.译文：他想告诉约翰，他没有料到他的知识有这么译文：他想告诉约翰，他没有料到他的知识有这么渊博，但是觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。渊博，但是觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。二合句法（一）把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句（Simple sentence）译成一个单句。1）It was on the early morning of April 2,1971.The pilots were briefed in the ready room.译文：1971年4月2日清晨，飞机驾驶员都在待命室接受飞行任务。2 2）He was very clean.His mind was o

26、pen.He was very clean.His mind was open.译文：他为人单纯而坦率。译文：他为人单纯而坦率。3 3）There are men here from all over the country.There are men here from all over the country.Many of them are from the South.Many of them are from the South.译文：从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。译文：从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。4 4）His father had a small business in

27、 the city of His father had a small business in the city of Pisa.This city is in the north of Italy near the Pisa.This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.sea.译文：他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。译文：他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。5)It was half past ten.5)It was half past ten.SarieSarie watched the path watched the path

28、 anxiously.anxiously.译文：十点半钟的时候，莎丽焦急地朝着小路张望。译文：十点半钟的时候，莎丽焦急地朝着小路张望。6)That was long ago.A very long time ago.6)That was long ago.A very long time ago.Almost 30 years ago.Almost 30 years ago.译文：那件事发生在很久很久以前，将近三十年了。译文：那件事发生在很久很久以前，将近三十年了。7)He would miss many things and many people.7)He would miss many

29、things and many people.He would miss Celia.He would miss Celia.译文：他会想念许许多多往事、许许多多朋友、也译文：他会想念许许多多往事、许许多多朋友、也会想念他的西莉亚。会想念他的西莉亚。（二）把原文中的主从复合句（Complex sentence）译成一个单句。1）When I negotiate,I get nervous.When I get nervous,I eat.译文：我在谈判时总有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。2）When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people,

30、we are not merely being polite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。3）Im blest if II know.译文：我一点也不知道。4)He stood on the curb till a car shot by.译文：他站在路边等车飞快地开过去。5)While he washed,he heard the doorbell.译文：他洗澡时听到了门铃声。6)When I came to the summit,I became very excited.译文：到达山顶时我非常兴奋。7)If we do a thing,we should do

31、 it well.译文：我们要干就要干好。（三）把原文中的并列复合句（三）把原文中的并列复合句（Compound Compound sentencesentence）译成一个单句。）译成一个单句。1 1）From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa,From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa,and then it reached the sea.and then it reached the sea.译文：阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。译文：阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。2 2）In 1844 En

32、gels met Marx,and they became In 1844 Engels met Marx,and they became friends.friends.译文：译文：18441844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。3 3）The time was 10:30,and traffic on the street The time was 10:30,and traffic on the street was light.was light.译文：十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。译文：十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。）It was

33、1953,and I had just come from It was 1953,and I had just come from KilkellyKilkelly,Ireland,to seek my fortune.Ireland,to seek my fortune.译文：一九五三年，我刚从爱尔兰的克尔克勒来此译文：一九五三年，我刚从爱尔兰的克尔克勒来此找出路。找出路。）It was an LST,and it was already nearly It was an LST,and it was already nearly loaded with trucks and armored cars.loaded with trucks and armored cars.译文：这是一艘几乎已装满了卡车和装甲车的坦克译文：这是一艘几乎已装满了卡车和装甲车的坦克登陆艇。登陆艇。）It was in mid-August,and the repair section It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.operated under the blazing sun.译文：八月中旬，修理人员在骄阳下工作。译文：八月中旬，修理人员在骄阳下工作。Homework