英语语法填空知识点

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1、英语语法填空知识点考纲解读考纲解读一篇一篇200200字左右的短文字左右的短文能力考查：能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词短语运用语法、单词短语(1)(1)纯空格题纯空格题(2)(2)用括号中所给词填空用括号中所给词填空共共10空空How to fill in the blanks?一读一读 二填二填 三检查三检查 快速浏览快速浏览全文，理解大意全文，理解大意分析并判断具体形式分析并判断具体形式语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理纯空格题纯空格题解题技巧解题技巧若空格后是名词，且它没有若空格后是名词，且它没有限定词限定词（冠词（冠词/形容词性形容词

2、性物主代词物主代词/不定代词）修饰，很可能填不定代词）修饰，很可能填_冠词冠词Skill1:可数名词是禁止裸奔的。可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词，也不能没有复数形式。不可数名词才有资格裸不可数名词才有资格裸奔。奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可数名词，那么通常是填冠词的。Imethimin_shopwhichsellsfruit.Waterischangedintosteambyheatandintoicebycold.a另外，裸奔的可数名词如果在上文出现过，这时候填定冠词the（再次提到，表示特指）。Imetaboyonthestreet._boyiswaitingfor

3、ataxi.The谈话双方都知道的人或事物、世上独一无二的东西、序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only,very,same前用定冠词theJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Theredsunlightsuptheskyandtheearth.【小结】：冠词的语法填空归根结底就是要看出裸奔的名词到底是特指(填the)还是泛指(填a)。【即时练习】1.MyfriendVernonDavieskeptbirdsHeaskedmetofeed_birdsforhim.2.Hequicklypickedup_telephoneonhisdesk.3.Peoplekeepdo

4、gstoprotectthemselvesForachild,_dogishisbestfriend.4.Whenthereiscaraccident,policeofficerswillfindoutifanyofthedriversisusingacellphone.5.Tom,8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshopandsatatatablethetheaana句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，通常填名词或代词前面，通常填_介词介词介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中介词的考查：多

5、数情况下出现在固定搭配中1.Ithinkitsagoodidea_youtocomebacktoChina.2.Thoughsheisagirl,sheisinterested_football.forinItbeadj./nforsbtodosthbeinterestedinSkill2:但：但：1.Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.2.July1,1997sawthereturnofHongKongtoChina.ThedayourChinesepeopleh

6、adlookedforwardto_(come)atlast.所以有时要谨防陷阱！所以有时要谨防陷阱！after/fromcame两个或几个并列结构的单词两个或几个并列结构的单词/短语之间没有连词，短语之间没有连词，考虑填考虑填_并列连词并列连词Skill3:Iamveryexcited_inspiredbythegoodnewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedintoHarvardUniversity.and若两个句子（一个主谓结构算一个句子）之间没有连若两个句子（一个主谓结构算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有词，也没有分号或句号分号或句号，填，填_或或_1.Heworkedha

7、rd,_hesucceededfinally.2.Thebuilding_standsneartheriverisourschool.并列连词并列连词从属连词从属连词that/which（连接主句和定语从句（连接主句和定语从句/名词性从句名词性从句/状语从句）状语从句）and/soSkill4:Skill5:由由特殊的句式特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词结构来判断空格应填的词1.由强调句型由强调句型(Itis/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that+句子的句子的其他部分其他部分)，判断填，判断填it还是还是that。_wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIle

8、arnedshecouldnteatMSG(味精味精)!解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填It。2.由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，还等，还是填是填do,does,did等。等。_withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.解析：由解析：由canyouexpectto可知，这是倒装句，根据可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词onl

9、y，因为，因为“only+状语状语(withhardwork)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。放在句首，句子要用倒装。3.so/suchthat句型。如：句型。如：Thismadethegoatsojealous_itbeganplottingagainst(谋划对付谋划对付)thedonkey.解析：解析：由句式结构知这是由句式结构知这是sothat句型，应填句型，应填that4.morethan与其说与其说不如说不如说;比比更更Lilysstoryshowsthatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares_howmuchhepays.解析：由句式结构可知，这是

10、解析：由句式结构可知，这是morethan句型，故句型，故填填than。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。心的是他的关心。有提示词有提示词解题技巧解题技巧一、提供动词一、提供动词若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语谓语谓语谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致时态、语态、主谓一致时态、语态、主谓一致时态、语态、主谓一致。1.Mr.Smith_(give)hiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday.2.OnSaturdayafternoon,

11、Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,_(buy)somebananasandvisitedhercousin.解析：and是并列连词。此处went,bought和visited为并列谓语，时态也一致。Skill1:Skill1:首先，判断要填的动词是首先，判断要填的动词是谓语谓语动词还是动词还是非谓语非谓语动词。动词。gavebought若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语动词。doingdonetodoSkill2:表主动表主动/正在进行正在进行/持续持续表被动表被动/完成完成表将来或目的表将来或目的具体的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用作

12、主语或宾语，通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。况，用不定式表示具体的情况。1.Itisnotenoughonly_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填tomemorize。2._(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwontmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary解析：句中已有谓语wontmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。作目的状语或者在形容词后

13、作状语，一般用不定式。作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_(succeed).解析：因在形容词l

14、ikely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。另，belikelytodosth为固定结构。作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。1.Hesawthestone,_(say)tohimself,“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_(follow)bythef

15、oreignguests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用followed作伴随状语。特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：Janeknewfrompastexperiencethather_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：所给词choose虽然是动词，但在从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。考查谓语动词与非谓语动词1.Hespititout,_(s

16、ay)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_(wear)sunglasses.4.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.sayingsittingwearing【练一练】wastold5.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_(break)downneararemotea

17、ndpoorvillage.6.Theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.7.Hewalkedinasifhe_(buy)theschool.8.Suddenly,he_(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.broketohelphadboughtfound9.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_(push)youwiththeirelbows(

18、肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.10.Thesituationwassoseverethattherewasnotime_(debate)whoistoblame.11.Withtheproblem_(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.12.Withalotofhomework_(do),Icantgoshoppingwithmyfriends.solvedpushedtodebatetodo二、词类转换二、词类转换这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所充当的句子成分来确定用哪种形式，具体技巧如下：形容词性物主代词

19、之后；冠词之后，介词之前；充形容词性物主代词之后；冠词之后，介词之前；充当句子的主语、宾语当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等；、表语、定语、补语等；通常填通常填_名词名词1.Withthe_(arrive)ofspring,theDorritystookthechildrenforanouting.arrival2.Ifindthat_(creative)canactasawaytoincrease_(participate)andimprove_(fluent).creativityparticipationfluencySkill1:易错的动词变名词的不规则变形易错的动词变名词的不规则

20、变形另外，应对名词考查时，还要注意可数名词另外，应对名词考查时，还要注意可数名词单复数单复数的变化的变化explanationdescriptionpronunciationassumptioncomplaint作作表表语语（在在系系动动词词之之后后）、定定语语（修修饰饰名名词词）或或宾宾补补（表表性性质质状状态态），通通常常用用_。Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents_(interest)inthesubject.形容词形容词interested宾补宾补Skill2:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词

21、或整个句子，作状语，用用_。_(fortune),theguestescapedunharmed.副词副词FortunatelySkill3:有的词类转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-/im-/in-/mis-等，在词根后加-less等。1.Yourmistakecausedalotof_(necessary)workintheoffice.unnecessary2.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto_(understand)them.misunderstandSkill4:括号中所给

22、词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其_。The_(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyThe_(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.youwillgethit.比较级或最高级比较级或最高级harderSkill5:1.Hemustbe_(mental)disabled.2.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment_(late)th

23、atday.3.Maryfelt_(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.4.“Thatwouldbeavery_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.5.Her_(curious)gotthebestforher.mentallylater【练一练】pleasedreasonablecuriosity6.Itwas_(polite)ofyoutoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.7.Asaresult,

24、manychildrenarebecomingless_(depend),determinedandambitiousthaninthepast.8.Themerchantsfirstwifeisaveryloyalpartnerandhasmadegreat_(contribute)inmaintaininghiswealth.9.Thereare_(comfort)feelings,oftenasmanykindofphysicalpain.10.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellssuccessfrom_(fail).impoliteindependent

25、contributionsuncomfortablefailure11._(luck),Ifailedintheexam.12.WhenChinasancientscientificandtechnological_(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.13.Atlast,hercourageand_(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.14.TheotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecouldHej

26、umpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.15.Hedevotedhissparetimetofindingsheltersforthe_(home).Unluckilywisdomwisdomachievementsharderhomeless有关代词的有关代词的解题技巧解题技巧Skill1:人称代词人称代词语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，考查时可语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，考查时可能给出代词的主格形式（如能给出代词的主格形式（如I），要求考生填其宾格），要求考生填其宾格（如（如me）、形容词性物主代词（如）、形容词性物主代词（如my）

27、、名词性物）、名词性物主代词（如主代词（如mine）或反身代词（如）或反身代词（如myself）等形式）等形式1.Thecustomerfeelsthatthesaleswomanisinsympathywith_(he)andunderstands_(he)needs.2.Thisis_(I)book.3.Thebookis_(I).himhismymineSkill2:it的用法的用法1.指代上文提到的动物、事物或事情；指代人，常指婴儿；或用以确定一人的身份，如打或敲门时，可用itThetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.Thebabynextdo

28、orkeptmeawake.Itcriedallnight.2.指代天气、时间、距离、温度等，在简单句中作主语，填itItisabeautifulday.Itwastimetoquitsmoking.Itis10kilometerstothecastle.3.由it作形式主语的句式判断，空格处是否填itIttakessbsometimetodosth做某事花了某人一些时间Itspossible/necessary/important/strange/naturaltodosth/that.做某事是的Itsapity/ashame/awondertodosth/that做某事是Itsworth/

29、nouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth做某事是的Itssaid/announced/believed/reported/hopedthat据Ittakesmeanhourtogettherebybus.Itisimportantforstudentstoattendallthelectures.Itisapitythathecantcome.Itisnousetalkingtohimaboutthematter.Itwasreportedthataheavysnowstormhitthatarealastweek.4.由it作形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填itit

30、作形式宾语，常用于以下句型：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth/that常用于此句型的动词有：make,think,feel,find,consider等Ifounditverydifficulttoadaptmyselftothingsallaroundhere.Idontthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.综合练习综合练习Exercise1Exercise1Ithappenedtwoyearsago.IwasgettingreadytogotoBeijing1._Ifelldownthest

31、airsandhurtmyleg.Ithoughtnothing2._(bad)couldhappentome,soIdecidedtogoanyway.Imanagedtotalkmyfatherintogivingmearidetothestation,3._wasfivekilometersfromourhouse.Weplannedtosetoutveryearly4._(catch)the7a.m.trainbutthecarwouldntstart.Whenwefinallyleft,5._wasalready6:30.MyfatherisaveryslowdriversoIask

32、edhimtospeedup.Whenweweredoing120km/hapolicemanstoppedusandhandedout6._ratherheavyfinetomyfatherforspeeding.whenworsewhichtocatchitaIwasverynervoustherewereonlyfifteenminutesleftandwewerenowherenearthestationyet.Muchtomyannoyance,thecar7._(sudden)startedtojerk(颠簸)anditsoonturnedout8._wehadrunoutofpe

33、trol.Wehadtostopatthepetrolstationtofillupthetank.Wefinallygottothestationatthreeminutestoseven.Ikissedmyfathergoodbye,jumpedonthetrainandsettleddowninmyseat9._relief.Butassoonaswereachedthenextstation,IrealisedthatI10._(get)onthewrongtrain:IwastravelingtoWuhan,notBeijing!suddenlythatinhadgotExercis

34、e2Exercise2ArchimedeswasafamousancientGreekinventorandmathematician.Heisbestknownfordiscovering“ArchimedessPrinciple”,1._scientificlawthatexplainswhysomeobjectsfloat.Therearevariousstoriesthattellhowhemadethis2._(discover).OnestorytellsofakingnamedHiero,3._suspectedthathisgoldsmithhadaddedsomesilver

35、toagoldcrownhehadordered.ThekingaskedArchimedes4._hisassistanceinfindingoutthetruth.FordaysArchimedeswasunabletoomeupwith5._ideas.Thenonedaywhilegettingintohisbathtub,henoticedwaterspillingoverthesides.adiscoverywhoforanySuddenly,herealisedthatwhenanobject6._(place)inwater,itmovessomewaterfromundern

36、eathit.Bytakingmeasurementsofanobjectsweightandtheamountofwateritmoved,Archimedescouldfindoutthe“density(密度)”oftheobject.Becauseofthis,hecouldconclude7._KingHieroscrownwasmadeentirelyofgoldornot.Archimedeswasso8._(excite)whenherealisedthisthathejumpedoutofhisbathtub9._(shout)“Eureka!”,theGreekwordfo

37、r“Ihavefoundit.”Today,peopleoftenshout“Eureka!”10._(say)theyhavefoundasolutiontoadifficultproblem.isplacedwhetherexcitedshoutingtosayExercise3Exercise3Thevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,1._(include)seriousairpollution,longdelays,andagreatriskofaccid

38、ents.Clearly,somethingmustbedone,butitisoftendifficult2._(persuade)peopletochangetheirhabitsandleavetheircarsathome.Onepossibleapproachistomake3._moreexpensiveforpeopletousetheircarsbyincreasingparkingchargesandbringingintougherfinesforanyone4._breaksthelaw.Inaddition,driverscouldberequiredtopayforu

39、singparticularroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.includingtopersuadeitwhoThissystem,knownas“roadpricing”,withaspecialelectroniccard5._(fix)tothewindscreenofthecar,hasalreadybeenintroducedinanumberofcities.Anotherwayofdealingwiththeproblemistoprovidecheapparkingontheoutskirtsofthecity,and6._(proper)contr

40、olthenumberofvehiclesallowedintothecentre.Driversandtheirpassengersthenuseaspecialbus7._(serve)forthefinalstageoftheirjourney.Ofcourse,the8._(important)thingofallistoprovidegoodpublictransport.However,togetpeopletogiveupthecomfortoftheircars,publictransportmustbefelttobe9._(rely)andconvenient,withfa

41、res10._anacceptablelevel.fixedproperlyservicemostimportantreliableatExercise4Exercise4Thesedays,meteorologists(气象学家)giveusreasonablyaccurateweatherforecasts.Butwhatdidwedobeforescientistsusedmoderntechnology1._(predict)theweather?Well,peoplelookedattheirsurroundingstogetcluesabout2._theweathermightb

42、elike.Forexle,themovementsofcloudstellusalotaboutfutureweatherconditions.Clouds3._(move)indifferentdirectionsusuallymeanbadweatherisnotfaroff.Animalbehaviouris4._goodclue.Looktoseewherebirdsareflyingintheair.Iftheyareflying5._(high)thanusual,theweatherwillbenice.Standstillandlisten.topredictwhatmovinganotherhigher