初中英语阅读技巧猜测词意说课讲解

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1、初中英语阅读技巧猜测词初中英语阅读技巧猜测词意意词义猜测词义猜测 词义猜测题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，主词义猜测题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，主要考查要考查根据短文已知信息猜测文章未知词根据短文已知信息猜测文章未知词语的能力语的能力。词义猜测有两种考查形式：一。词义猜测有两种考查形式：一种是选择短文中某个种是选择短文中某个词语的英文含义词语的英文含义，一，一种是选择短文中某个种是选择短文中某个词语的汉语意思词语的汉语意思。1.A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.2.I made some coffe

2、e but it was horrible.In fact,my sister said it was undrinkable.3.If you agree,write“Yes”;if you dissent,write“No”.4.I could see nothing because the light was too faint.5.He is a punctual boy,but he was late this morning.6.Its our duty to protect it and everybody has respon-sibility to protect the E

3、arth.7.Land pollution is caused by solid waste,such as cans,bottles and some plastic things which arent broken down quickly.8.But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there will be a drought.Guess and discuss 1.A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.日历日历起解释说明

4、作用起解释说明作用Tip 1:定义描述法：根据定义或释义猜测词义。定义描述法：根据定义或释义猜测词义。Key words:1)is,mean,that is to say 2)标点符号标点符号:破折号、冒号破折号、冒号 3)定语从句定语从句 Guess the meaning He is a dentist,that is to say,a person whose job is to take care of peoples teeth.牙医牙医起解释说明作用起解释说明作用2.I made some coffee but it was terrible.In fact,my sister s

5、aid it was undrinkable.Tip 2:构词法：根据词根、前缀、后缀构词法：根据词根、前缀、后缀猜测词义。猜测词义。Key words:1)词根词根 2)前缀前缀 3)后缀后缀 Guess the meaning不能不能喝的喝的Can you guess the right meanings?粗心的粗心的不可能的不可能的误解误解不同意不同意超市超市不高兴不高兴重建重建super-超级超级-lessmis-un-im-re-dis-无无误、恶误、恶不、非不、非不不再、反复再、反复不不supermarketcarelessmisunderstandunhappyimpossibl

6、erebuilddisagree-able 能够能够suitable合适的合适的The boy had a happy family before.However,after the war,he became homeless.无家可归的无家可归的Tip 3:同反义词法：根据同义词或反义词猜测同反义词法：根据同义词或反义词猜测词义。词义。作者可能会用一个作者可能会用一个近义词近义词或者或者同义词同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。者同一段落中。disagreeGue

7、ss the meaning Mr.White loves to talk,his wife is alsoas loquacious as him.爱说话的，多嘴的爱说话的，多嘴的同义关系同义关系因果关系因果关系 darkTip 4:因果关系法：根据前后句因果关因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。系猜测词义。key words:(1)because (2)so (3)as,since,for Guess the meaning useless因果关系因果关系 5.He is a punctual boy,but he was late this morning.转折关系转折关系守时的守时

8、的Tip 5:对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。义。Key words:but,however,although,though，while(然而然而),rather than,instead of Guess the meaning He had been getting better,however,during the night his condition deteriorated.恶化恶化转折关系转折关系 6.Its our duty to protect it and everybody has responsibility to pro

9、tect the earth.并列关系并列关系责任责任Tip 6:并列关系并列关系：利用语境及前后的提示来利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。猜测词义。Key words:and,also,as as,the same as Guess the meaning有害的有害的Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.并列关系并列关系 7.Land pollution is caused by solid waste,such as

10、cans,bottles and some plastic things which arent broken down quickly.举例说明举例说明固体固体Tip 7:举例归纳法：举例归纳法：根据例子隶属的类别归纳根据例子隶属的类别归纳出词义出词义。Key words:such as,like，for example,for instance Guess the meaningOn the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽 举例说明举例说

11、明8.But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there will be a drought.生活常识经验生活常识经验dryTip 8:生活常识经验：生活常识经验：根据自身的直接或间接的根据自身的直接或间接的经验，运用自己已有的常识经验，运用自己已有的常识,以及英美国家的风以及英美国家的风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会生活等将生词推测出来。俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会生活等将生词推测出来。Guess the meaning In the old days,when girls from rich families were married

12、to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry.嫁妆嫁妆生活常识生活常识经验经验定义描述定义描述 构词法构词法上下文上下文同义词同义词反义词反义词因果因果关系关系对比对比转折转折并列关系并列关系How to guess the meaning of words?举例归纳举例归纳Competition1 2 3 41001 2 3 41 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2003004001.I will not make friends with a dishonest person.不诚实的不诚实的

13、2.Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.A.money B.bowls C.shoes D.books3.Although the early morning had been very cool,the noonday sun was tropical.hot4.Yuan Longping,the father of hybrid rice,won the World Food Prize on Monday.Yuan developed the worlds first popular and w

14、idely grown hybrid rice.Hybrid rice plants can make more rice than the ones people grew before.A.杂交水稻杂交水稻 B.玉米玉米 C.小米小米 1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A 雪山雪山 B 树枝树枝 C 冰河冰河 D 冰冰举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳 2.Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can

15、 make it too.A.a dish B.directions for cooking C.a meal D.directions to your house举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳3.Nowadays more and more people care about the exploitation(开采开采)of the natural resources,such as oil.A.商品商品 B.现象现象 C.资源资源 D.污染污染举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳4.Many volunteers visited the“left-behind”children whose

16、parents are working in cities before Childrens Day.A.留守儿童留守儿童 B.孤儿孤儿 C.残疾儿童残疾儿童left-behind1.Studying abroad brings a heavy burden to the family.For most Chinese parents,the cost of studying abroad is very high.But is it worth it?A.任务任务 B.负担负担 C.责任责任 D.义务义务 2.Did you ever hear someone speak of a cat

17、nap?A cat nap is a short sleep.People take it when there is a lot to do and there isnt enough time for a full-length sleep.A.休息休息 B.小睡小睡 C.睡觉睡觉 D.做梦做梦 3.If you know how much the postage is for your letter,you can buy stamps at any window.In some post offices,you can buy stamps from machines.Stamps a

18、re sold at many different prices,from one cent to many dollars.A.邮票邮票 B.邮戳邮戳 C.邮筒邮筒 D.邮资邮资 post4.It is not only drivers who cause accidents,however.People on footpedestrians,and bicycle riders often cause accidents,too.Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking.You should always

19、look on both sides before stepping into the street.The word“pedestrians”in the paragraph means_ in Chinese.A.行人行人B.徒步徒步 C.徒步竞走徒步竞走 D.常散步的人常散步的人1.Miss Baker was awaked by a great noise.Their ship hit something and stopped.So much water filled the ships cabin that all the people were in a fluster A.慌乱

20、中慌乱中 B.兴奋中兴奋中 C.迷茫中迷茫中 D.从容中从容中2.Now there are many houses around the lake.people often use chemicals in their gardens.They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫昆虫).There are also many business-men.Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.“Chemical”in

21、 the story means_.A.化学家化学家 B 污染品污染品 C 药品药品 D.化学制品化学制品 3.Ten ways to cheer upFeeling a little blue?Here are ten fast and easy ways to smile.1.Play outside Leave your house and go outside,because sun and fresh air are good for you.2.Exercise When you exercise,your brain lets out a chemical.This chemic

22、al makes you feel happier.What does the word“blue”in the first sentence mean?A.happy B.sad C.pleased D.tiredOnce you have a good idea,the next step is organization.Think through your paper before you start.Write an outline.You need to know what your main points are before you start your first paragr

23、aph.Use 24 main points,one paragraph each.A.外形外形 B.提纲提纲 C.中心中心 D.总结总结 About one in three Americans has a problem with sleep.Many of these people cannot fall asleep.The name of this problem is insomnia.Some people say,“I didnt sleep all night.”But thats not really true.They may sleep lightly and wake

24、 up several times.In the morning,they only remember the times they were awake,so they think they were awake all night.江西省江西省2010年中考真题年中考真题78.What does“insomnia”mean in this passage?A.No sleep B.Bad sleep C.Slow sleep D.Sleep with my dreamsBCDA75.What does the phrase“apart from”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.

25、except B.as for C.as well as D.besidesAs she grew older,she accepted who she was.Still,she wanted to find the missing piece of the puzzle.After finding out the place of her birthparents,Ida went to Korea in 2008.When she first arrived,she was surprised to see so many people who looked like her.Howev

26、er,apart from her looks,not much could be shared with others.She knew little about the culture,food,especially the language.Beijing in Korea wasnt always easy for her.江西省江西省2011年中考真题年中考真题BCDA At once,Lion pushed his strong shoulder against the rocks to keep them from moving any further.“Ill just run

27、 over here to get something to stop the rocks,”shouted Jackal as he ran away to safety.Lion stayed leaning against the unmoving rocks for quite a long time before he realized that Jackal had tricked him yet again!江西省江西省2012年中考真题年中考真题70.What does the underlined word”leaning”mean?A.supporting B.sleepi

28、ng C.running D.sittingBCDA 1.Go over what we learned today.2.Finish additional exercises.Reading makes a full man.A good reader is a good guesser.Enjoy reading!Enjoy English,Enjoy life!Thank you for listening!江西省江西省2009年中考真题年中考真题Peer pressure.We know about it.Your friends wear certain clothes or lis

29、ten to certain music.You dont want to be different.So you do those things too.74.What is the meaning of“peer pressure”in the passage?A.You want to be like your friends,so you do what they do.B.You want to be different from your friends and classmates.C.You want to give your clothes to your friends t

30、o wear.D.You want to buy as many clothes as your classmates do.江西省江西省2008年中考真题年中考真题Are sports important?Mike(USA)Sports bring people together,but they divide them too.Fans of different teams fight all the time-they shout and hit each other.And heres another example:My brother plays high school baseb

31、all.Last week,his team played an important game.At the game,two parents fought about a call.Come on baseball is only a game!Sports are so competitive(有竞争有竞争力的力的)these days.Its all about winning.Then the game isnt fun.75.What does the underlined word“call”mean?A.Decision B.Telephone C.Suggestion D.Se

32、at江西省江西省2007年中考真题年中考真题British workers have the longest working week in Europe(欧洲欧洲),with 23 vacation days-the shortest vacation.So they feel overworked.75 say their weekends or vacations are too short and 40 would sacrifice a days pay(工资工资)for one more vacation day.69.What does the word“sacrifice”me

33、an in the last sentence?A.Use up.B.Put up.C.Take up.D.Give up.The British and Americans may use different terms for many things.The British usually use football,eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer,rubber and post.A.成果成果 B.学期学期 C.会议会议 D.用语用语生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同

34、义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述Once you have a good idea,the next step is organization.Think through your paper before you start.Write an outline.You need to know what your main points are before you start your first paragraph.Use 24 main points,one paragraph each.A.外形外形 B.提纲提纲 C.中心中心 D.总结总结生活生活常识经验常识经验上下

35、文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述 Britains smallest school was closed down because its only pupil failed to turn up for class,a famous British newspaper reported in May.The newspaper said the six-year-old girls parents were unhappy with a teacher who just got the job to teach th

36、e only pupil,so they decided to keep their daughter at home.“turn up”in the reading means_.A.pass an exam B.go to school C.pay money D.hand in homework No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job.On the very first day,one of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers.These co-workers will be important to you.According to the passage,your supervisor is most likely your _.A.visitor B.teacher C.workmate D.leader生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述super结束结束