00837自考旅游英语选读随堂笔记

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1、旅游英语选读常见单词A boom resort兴旺发展的旅游胜地 A buoyant level of tourism蓬勃发展的旅游业 A form of modern consumer behavior现代消费行为的一种形式 A lay-over短暂停留 A leakage流失资金 A minor fiscal muisance一项小小的财政事务 A net deficit净逆差 A strange international tourism sector实力强大的国际旅游服务部门A study tour考察旅游 Accommodation and support facilities住宿和

2、其他辅助设施Accounting department财务部 Accreditation services审定工作 Advertising agency广告公司Air fares航空票价 Air France法国航空公司 Air taxi出租飞机服务 All and sundry全部,所有的人 All walks of life各阶层 All-inclusive package tours价格全包旅游 An accelerator concept加速器原则 An invisible payment on Britains balance英国账目上的无形支出 Annual receipts年收入

3、 Arts and craft工艺美术As far as the demand for travel services is concerned就旅游服务的需求而言 ASEAN countries东南亚国家联盟 August Bank Holiday八月银行假日 August bodies权威机构 Back office system后台办公系统 Baggage checks行李票 Balance of payments with the outside world对外收支平衡 Balance of payments收支平衡 Basic point-to point air fares两地间基

4、本航空运作 Be tailored to each executives needs根据每个商务 Bermuda百慕大群岛 Boeing757波音757 British Airways英国航空公司 Burgeoning tourism industry刚刚萌芽的旅游工业 Business travel agent专门经办商务旅游的代理商 Business traveler商务旅游者 cable cars缆车 Capital investment资本投资 Car hire小汽车出租Carry capacity运载能力 Charter aircraft包机 Charter flights包机航班

5、Chief engineer总工程师Come into service开始投入使用 Commissions佣金 Commuter airlines地方短距离运输航空公司Computer graphic package计算机图形包 Conditions旅游中条件或服务项目Congloments联合大企业Contracting countries签约国 Controller or chief accountant财务部总审计师或总会计师Convention hotels会议饭店 Cottage industries家庭手工业 Cross-border travel横穿边境的旅行CRS)Comput

6、er reservations system计算机预系统 Cruise ships巡游船CTC ) Certified travel counselors持有证书的旅游顾问 Culinary arts烹调艺术Cultural visit文化旅游 Customized services按要求提供的服务项目 Dealers in dreams销售梦幻 Densely crowed cities人口稠密的地方 Design studio设计室Diagonal intergration斜向联合Domestic tourism 国内旅游Dorminant paradig, 主要形式Dwell on 详述

7、 Ecosysytems生态系统 Education visits教育旅游，休学旅游Empty nesters没有孩子拖累的家庭 （空巢效应） En route在途中 End objective最终目标 Enhancing human capital through training and education通过教育与培训来增强人力资本的势力 Enjoy more preferential government policies享受政府更多的优惠政策Enter into the very fabric of life走入真正的生活当中去 Entrepreneurial skills and

8、ingenuity企业经营技巧与创新 Ethnic minority groups少数民族European Community欧洲共同体 Excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括Executive aircraft公务飞机 Executive housekeeper客房部主管Exhaust fumes废气 Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游 Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组 Extras各种额外费用 Flag-carrier以国家航运为主业的国家航空公司 Frequent flyer programmes飞

9、行常客奖励计划Frontier formalities边境手续 Games room游艺室 Gard currency硬通货 Gard-wired硬接线 Generating areas旅游产生地 Given no commensurate decline in living standards在不考虑生活水准大幅下降的情况下GNP) Gross national product国民生产总值 High-spend visitors高消费游客 Hold for old and new tourism用于旧旅游和新旅游 Hotel chains饭店联号 Impulse purchasing 冲动购

10、买 In the event of customer complaints如果顾客提出投诉 In the form of holographs一全息照片的形式 Inbound tourism入境旅游 Income multiplie收入乘数 Independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游 Indulge in尽情享受 Industry code of conduct行业行为规范 In-flight magazines机上杂志 In-house compute公司内部使用的计算机 Instant culture文化快餐 Insurance coverage保险范围 Intern

11、al tourism境内旅游 International tourism国际旅游 Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机连用 Into its initial stage in the development cycle进入发展周期的初始阶段 Invisible receipt无形收入 Invisibles无形商品 Itineraries旅游活动日程，旅游路线ITX)Inclusive Tour Excursion游览包价旅游 Jet airliner喷气式飞机 Jurisdictions管辖区 Kurtaxe 疗养税Labor-intensive indu

12、stry劳动密集型产业 Lay analyst非专业分析 Leisure time余暇Lesser developed countries较不发达国家 Load factors飞机载客率，机座占有率 Local color地方色彩 Long-haul and short-haul长途和短途 Long-haul domestic travel国内长距离旅游 Make a profit 获得利润 Make ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出 Management know-how管理方面的实际技巧，经验 Market oriented reforms以市场为导的改革 Market segmen

13、tation市场细分 Marketing tool市场营销工具 Mass tourism大众旅游 Monorails operated by magnetism靠磁力运行的单轨铁路 More green更有环境保护意识Multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客 National income国民收入 National tourism国家级旅游 Nature preserves/reserves自然保护区 Need deficiencies需求不足 Net discretionary incomes可以随意支配的收入 Non-commodity curr

14、ency非商品货币 Non-profit overseas offices非营利性海外机构OECD)the organization for Economic cooperation and development经济合作与发展联盟 On a case by case basis依据具体情况处理的原则 Outbound tourism出境旅游 Overseas Chinese海外华人Package tour包价旅游 Paid holiday带薪假日 Pay a premium交学费Peripheral environment周边环境 Pleasure craft游乐船 Police regis

15、tration出境证明 Potential travelers潜在的旅游者 Preferential policies优惠政策 Price inelastic无价格弹性 Profit-making corporation盈利公司 Publicity material 宣传品 Purchasing agent采购员 Purchasing power购买力 pylons架线塔 Quick access to information信息途径快捷 Rare flora and fauna珍稀植物和动物 Rates of inflation通货膨胀 Recreation vehicles娱乐，行宿两用车

16、 Refusal to grant exit permits拒绝发放出境证明 Relieving the pressure on other rural areas减轻时其他乡村地带的压力 Repeat business回头客带来的生意 Retail agencies 零售旅行社 Return on sales销售回报 Round trip往返旅行 Round-the-world trip环球旅行 Sales/distribution outlets销售网点 Sand dunes沙丘 Scale economies规模经济 Scheduled liner定期客轮 Scheduled or ch

17、arter services不定期客运或包机服务 Scope economies范围经济 Severe environmental degradation from heavy usage由于使用频繁而造成的严重的环境恶化 Ski pistes滑雪道 skyscraper hotel syndrome摩天宾馆综合症society environmental needs社会环境需求 source of revenue收入来源 specialist operators专营某种旅游的经营商 specialized tourism专项旅游 stand-by fares候补票价 subsidized e

18、xchange rates特别补贴兑换率 Sunbathing日光浴 tailor-made services特别服务项目 target markets目标方面 target sales目标销售额 tax receipts税收收入 terra cotta warriors and horses兵马俑 tertiary industry第三产业 the “Grand Tour”大旅游 the aircraft is placed at the desposal of the operator飞机提供旅游自由支配 the balance of payments on the tourism acc

19、ount旅游账目的收支平衡 the budge market廉价市场the Caribbean Community加勒比共同体 the deep-seated traditions根深蒂固的传统 the done thing 合乎俗礼的事 the drawing power吸引力 the East Caribbean Common Market加勒比海共同市场 the ecological balance生态平衡 the Eurasian Continent欧亚大陆 the Far East远东 the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入 the idea of pre

20、potency优先原理 The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics联合国统计委员会 the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织 the jargon of marketing营销学的术语 the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期 the local share of the market当地市场份额the luxury market豪华市场 the midscale market中级市场 the mode of travel旅行方式The Nation

21、al Travel Survey国民旅游调查 the supply and demand equilibrium供求平衡关系 the support services辅助服务 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展 The US Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心 TIM)Tourism Income Multiplier旅游收入增值 to give full exposures to Chinas tourism resources以充分展现中国的旅游 to have family re

22、unions举家团聚 to package their own tours组合自己的报价旅游 tour basing fares航空包价旅游票价 tour brochure旅游宣传册 tourism boom旅游业的繁荣 Tourist interests旅游者权益 Tourist operators旅游经营商 Transit travelers过境旅游者 Travel for travels sake为旅游而旅游 Travel principals旅游经营商 Travel retailers旅游零售商/代理商 Trunk route airlines干线航空公司 Umbrella broch

23、ure伞式宣传册 Unit costs单位成本 United Nations General Assembly联合国大会 VAT)Value added tax增值税 Vertical integration垂直合并 Visual pollution视觉污染 Wind erosion风蚀 Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传 Word of mouth 口碑 World cultural heritage世界文化遗产 Low countries低地国家 vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合 airline oli

24、gopolies 航线的寡头垄断 the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会 air carriers航空公司 waybills运货单 accreditation services审定工作 ICAO)the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织PATA) The Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会（太亚旅协）disposable income 可自由支配的收入 non-residential travel 非居住地旅游 natura

25、l reserve 自然保护区Sustainable development 可持续发展 Discretionary time 可自由支配的时间 Ethnic tour 民俗风情游Contrived attractions 人文旅游景点 Invisible products 无形产品 Cultural heritage 文化遗产 Package tour 包价旅游 Landscape poetry 山水诗 Maritime commerce 海上贸易 Outbound tourists 出境旅游者Complete harmony of man and nature天人合 Foreign exc

26、hange income 外汇收入 Nation of tourists 旅游容源国 Temper ones wills 磨炼意志 Offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 封禅 Terracotta soldiers and horses 兵马俑 A carefree journey 逍遥游 Encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识（万事通）Cultural accomplishment 文化素养 To be chest out and stomach in 挺胸收腹 A land of protocol 礼仪之邦 Customers f

27、oremost ,service best 宾客第一服务至上 Eye contact 眼神交流 Psychological qualities 心里素质 Repeated customers 回头客Courtesy and etiquettes 礼貌礼仪Personal hygiene 个人卫生 The Marble Archway 牌坊 Spring at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 三潭映月 Peak Flown From Afar 飞来峰 The Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔The Hall of S

28、upreme Harmony 太和殿 The Hall of Praying for Good Harvest 祈年殿 Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows柳浪闻莺 The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇兵马俑 The Forest of Stone Tablets 西安碑林 Buddhist Paradise 极乐世界 To do service 做礼拜 The Theory of Five Elements 五行学说 Book of Changes 易经 Do not

29、 to do others what you do not want done to yourself 己所不欲勿施于人 The art of Buddhist figures 佛像艺术 The Temple of Three Pures 三清宫 The Temple of Town God 城隍庙 Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐麦加 Easter 复活节Sutra Library 藏经阁 Old Homes in the southern Anhui 皖南古居 The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫 Glazed tiles 琉

30、璃瓦 Circular stone terrace 圆形汉白玉台基 Timber structure 木结构Place of excellent geomantic quality 风水宝地 The symmetrical plain layout 对称平面布局 Stone animals and human statues 石像生 The Main Buddha Hall 大雄宝殿 Art of gardening 造园艺术Monastery gardens 寺庙园林 Come back to nature 回归自然 View borrowing 借景The Mountain-in-View

31、 Tower 见山楼 The zigzag bridge 曲桥 View hindering 障景The Bonsai Garden 盆景园 Inscribed tablets 匾额楹联 Water-side pavilions 水榭 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 蚂蚁上树 Traditional medicine and food share a common origin 衣食同源 Savory and Crisp Duck 香酥鸡 Clear Stewed Meatballs in Yangzhou清炖扬州狮头 Stewed mixed vegeta

32、bles 罗汉斋 Chicken cubes with chili peppers 辣子鸡丁 Vegetarian chicken 素鸡 Table manners 餐桌礼仪Eight treasure porridge 八宝粥 Melon carving arts 瓜雕艺术 Bodiless lacquer ware 脱胎漆器Elegant modelling and lustrous color造型大方.色泽光润 Hand-stitching work 挑花 An embroidery bamboo scroll 刺绣竹卷轴画 Glazing techniques 上釉技术 Neolith

33、ic relics 新石器时代遗址 Yixing Zisha (Purple Clay )ware 宜兴紫沙陶 Veined porcelain 纹片瓷 The double-sided embroidery 双面绣 Chrysanthemum stone carving 菊花石雕 The Autumnal Equinox 秋分 Height Ascending Festival 登高节 Nature walks in spring 踏青 Dragon Boat Racing 龙舟赛 Stamping on the Flower Hill Festival踩花山节 Grain in ear 芒

34、种 Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮 Cultural connotations 文化内涵Walk on stilts 踩高跷 Enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum 赏菊 Intercultural communication 跨文化交际 Interaction function 交互功能 Verbal greetings 言语问候 Intonation patterns 语调模式 High context culture 高文化语境 Language barriers 语言障碍 Cultural difference factors 文

35、化差异因素 Drop ones voice to a low pitch 降低声调 Culture shock 文化休克 Behavior patterns 行为方式 Look somebody in the eye 正视 M-time and P-time 单一性时间观与多样性时间观Eye movement 眼部动作 Touching behavior 触摸行为 Culture acquisition 文化习得 To kill time 消磨时间 Nonverbal behaviors 非言语行为 sit cross -legged翘二郎腿 To save face 顾全面子 Space o

36、rientation 空间取向 Rule of protocol 礼仪规范 Exchange pleasantries 寒暄 Ethnic heritage 民族传统 Put a burden on 增加负担 A floral arrangement 饰有花卉图案的安排表 Etiquettes and taboos 礼仪与禁忌 Good quality wine 优质葡萄酒 Lightly kissing on the cheeks 轻吻脸颊a token of affection 慈爱表现 The extended family 大家庭Lesson 1 What is tourism?1.

37、Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providing tourist goods and services / The government of the host community or area / The host community2. The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions that have arisen is aimed a

38、t fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.3. One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to understand why it is difficult to come up w

39、ith a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4. WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)1) The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and o

40、ther purposes.2) The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)a) Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidentsb) Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country3) The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)

41、 The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)5) The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(the resident market tourism market for travel agents

42、 and airlines)5. Tourism as defined by.(其他国家或地区定义)1) The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50 miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same d

43、ay.2) Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresident travelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business travelers.Commuters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigran

44、ts, former residents, military personnel, and crews.3) The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,taken by residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(non holiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.4) Australia（澳大利亚）:A per

45、son visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, for a period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.5) China（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stay by people who have left home to go to other places to visit.N

46、otes；Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园vital to对.至关重要 the rail of a cruise ship游船栏杆 make a profit获得利润 tax receipts税收收入 the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入 the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构 .arriving at a consensus达到统一 round trip往返旅行narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义 come up w

47、ith a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义The League of Nations联合国WTO：World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织OECD：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics 国际旅游统计会议The United Nations Statistic

48、al Commission 联合国统计委员会International tourism国际旅游Inbound tourism 入境旅游Outbound tourism 出境旅游Internal tourism 国际旅游Domestic tourism 国内旅游National tourism 国家级旅游The National Travel Survey（美国）国民旅游调查The U.S. Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心Round trip 往返旅行 Hospitality industry 旅游服务业One-way trip 单程旅游China Tourism Sta

49、tistic Annual 中国旅游统计年鉴The United Kingdom Tourism Survey 英国旅游调查The National Tourist Board of England 英格兰国家旅游委员会Lesson 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1. Modern tourism1) The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but not exclusively for education and pleasure.2

50、) The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, a Russian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.2. Mass tourism（大众旅游）1) The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2) Four conditions（4个条件）:a) The holiday is standardized, rigidly packa

51、ged and inflexible.No part of the holiday could be altered except by paying higher prices.b) The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scale economies as the driving force.c) The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d) The holiday is consumed

52、en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms, culture, people or the environment of tourist receiving destinations.3. New tourism（新旅游）1) The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristics of the new tourism is flexibility-flexible consumers, flexible services and the flexibi

53、lity of products to more with the market.2) Conditions（条件）:a) The holiday is flexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive with mass-produced holidays.b) Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economies alone.Tailor-made services will be produced

54、while still taking advantages of scale economies where they apply.c) Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d) The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints and travel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e) Th

55、e holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers, more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more greenf) Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key part of the holiday experience.3) Fi

56、ve main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:a) New consumersb) New technologiesc) New production practicesd) New management techniquese) Changes in the industrys frame conditionsNotes:Harks back to可追溯到，开始于 Low Countries低地国家 package tours包价旅游 Was equated with相等 purchasing power购买力 coupled with外加，加上Pa

57、id holidays带薪假日 mass tourism大众旅游 charter flights包机航班Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合 diagonal integration斜向联合Market segmentation市场细分 airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断 takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务 dominant paradigm主要形式 geared to适应More green更有环保意识 scale economics规模经济 scope econom

58、ics范围经济Tailor-made services特别服务项目 at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港 holds for适用于Take hold抓住 spur on飞驰Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Ri

59、gidly packaged 团体包机制Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役 Far East 远东Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations1. International Organizations（国际旅游）:1) World Tourism Organization-WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入It is the only orga