大学英语四级重点语法精要

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1、大学英语四级重点语法精要 ; 大学英语四级语法精要大学英语四级语法精要一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等) 一时态 1、主动形式过去 一般 did 进行 完成 was/were doing had done 现在 do am/is/are doing have/has done 将来 will/shall do will/shall be doing will/shall have done 过去将来 should/would do / should/would have done用于虚拟语气 / 完成进had been have/has / 行 doing been doing 2、

2、被动形式 过去 现在 一般 was/were am/is/are given given 进行 was/were am/is/are being given being given 完成 was/were am/is/are / / being given being given 完成进/ / / / 行 CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；现在/过去完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时所有的过去 用一般现在时表示现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 3、现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继

3、续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚才结束. 1将来 过去将来 Will / should/would shall be be given given / / 大学英语四级语法精要 Ive been writing letters for an hour. Ive been sittingin the garden.4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. B

4、y next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. 6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch.Theyll have hit the years target by the end of October. 二语态1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,示例: He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was

5、jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计，“相信等意义的动词，常见的有：assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。 It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship issupposed to have been sunk.2、担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义。 2大学英语四级语法精要 Why are you driving so

6、fast in this area You are supposedto know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)3、双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态1双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保存在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。 He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparation

7、s.2 宾补结构的被动语态: She was called Big Sister by everybody. 4、 短语动词1Vi. + adv.：The plane took off two hours late. 2Vi. + prep.：They looked round the Cathedral.3Vi. + prep. (有被动语态)：Shes looking after her sisters children.4Vi. + adv. + prep.：I began to look forward to their visits. 5Vt. + O + adv.：Some wom

8、en choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.6 Vt. + adv. + O (无被动语态)：I am trying to give up smoking. 3大学英语四级语法精要7Vt. + O + prep.：We talked Donald into agreement. 三省略1、在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主

9、语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一局部(特别是动词be)省略掉.1Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no sideeffects.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity. He said that no acrobat could ever perf

10、orm those daring feats unless trained very young. Once having made a promise, you should keep it. 2If necessary Ill have the letter duplicated.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy. 2、 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略. 1He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessa

11、ry. We should think more of the collective than of ourselves. 2They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education. 4大学英语四级语法精要We will, as always, stand on your side. 3、错误的省略1Hi

12、s life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know. 2While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck thewall beside her. 四一致1、主谓一致与插入语无关1主谓的分隔原那么：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。2定语从句中的主谓一致3随前一致：n. + together with；as well as；including；along with；with / of；accompanied with / by4就近原那么5如果主语表示的是同一个

13、概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our country. The head master and mathematical teacher is coming. The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming. 类似的还有：law and order；bread and；butterblack and white；To love and to be loved is ；A

14、lawyer and a teacher are；A lawyer and teacher is 6随后原那么：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)7百分比结构：most，half，rest，some，majority，one + persent；of+n1+v.由n1决定8倒装结构的主谓一致： There be +n 由名词决定动词 Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：Among / Between +系动词+n. 由名词决定动词9The + adj.的主谓一致： 当表示“一类人 当表示某一抽象概念时。例：The good is always attractive. 5