合并运输的一般特征

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1、Unit 14 General Features of Consolidation 合并运输的一般特征本节主要内容：1. 合并运输的含义 2. 合并运输人的身份3. 合并运输的优势 consolidation: 合并运输 groupage: 拼箱 assembly: n. 集合，汇集 parcel prsl :包，包裹，（人，物）一批 origin: 产地 intend for: 打算供.使用，打算送给 destination: 目的地 dispatch: 派遣，分派，发送 consolidated: 统一的，合并的 consignment: 交付，委托，所托运的货物 consolidator

2、: 合并运输人 respective: 分别的，各自的 一、 合并运输的含义 Consolidation or groupage means the assembly of small parcels of cargo from several consignors at one point of origin intended for several consignees at the same point of destination, dispatching the parcels as one consolidated consignment to the consolidators

3、agent at the destination and delivering them to their respective consignees. 合并运输或者拼箱是指在原产地某地的几个发货人的小批货物汇集起来发送到目的同一地点的几个收货人，在目的地将托运的货物统一分派给合并运输人的代理人，并将货物交付给他们各自相应的收货人的运输方式。 act as: 担当，作为 full container loads (FCL)：整箱货 make up of: 构成，组成 individual: 个别的，单独的 LCL (less than container lot): 拼装货，零担货物 take

4、 advantage of: 利用 tariff rate: 关税比率 Forwarders who act as groupage agents or consolidators deliver full container loads (FCL) made up of individual LCL consignments to the carrier to take advantage of the FCL tariff rates. 货运代理人作为拼箱代理人或者合并运输人，将由个别拼装货组成的整箱货交付给承运人并且可按照整箱货的标准享受整箱货的关税比率。 provide: 提供 in

5、ones own name: 以自己的名义 issue: 签发 house bill of lading: 货代提单 合并运输人的身份 As a consolidator, the freight forwarder will provide the service in his own name and issue a house bill of lading. 作为合并运输人，货运代理人将以他自己的名义提供服务并签发货代提单。 历年考题：As a consolidator, the forwarder will provide the service in his own name and

6、 issue a ( ) A. master bill of lading B. house bill of lading C. straight bill of lading D. sea waybill答案：B分析：作为合并运输人，货运代理人将以他自己的名义提供服务并签发货代提单（house bill of lading）。 To the individual consignors, the consolidator is the carrier,while in his relationship with the actual carrier, he is the consignor.

7、就发货人而言，合并运输人是承运人，而就其与实际承运人关系而言，他是发货人。 历年考题：To the individual consignors, the consolidator is the ( ) while to the actual carrier, he is the A. carrier/actual carrier B. carrier/consignor C. consignor/carrier D. consignor/consignor答案：B分析：就发货人而言，合并运输人是指承运人，而就其与实际承运人关系而言，他是发货人 deal with：安排，处理，做生意direct

8、ly: 直接地 shipping space: 船位，舱位 wholesale: 批发retail: 零售 The individual consignors and consignees do not deal directly with actual carrier. The consolidator buys shipping space“wholesale” from the actual carrier and sells it “retail” to the individual consignors. 发货人和收货人不会直接与实际承运人联系。合并运输人从实际承运人那里“批发”舱位

9、并将这些舱位以“零售”的方式卖给发货人 groupage transport: 拼箱运输 a sort of: 一种 wholesaler: 批发商large amounts of: 大量的 sell out: 出售，卖完 In groupage transport, the forwarder acts as a sort of wholesaler by buying large amounts of space which are sold out in retail to his customers.拼箱运输中，货运代理人类似于批发商，大量购买舱位并以零售的方式卖给他们的顾客。 in

10、the case of: 在.的情况，就.而言air transport: 航空运输，空运go beyond: 超出 departure: 出发，离开，离港 extend: 延伸，扩展 recovery: 收回，回收 In the case of air transport, the consolidators responsibilities go beyond delivering the shipment to the airline at the airport of departure. It extends to the recovery of the shipment from

11、the airline at the point of destination and, where requested, to its delivery to the consignee. 就空运而言，合并运输人的责任范围不仅限于在离港机场将运输转给航空公司，而且还要在目的地某地继续接手运输并按要求交付给收货人。 overseas: 海外的，国外的 merchandise: 商品，货物 numerous: 许多的，众多的 vendor: 卖方，卖主 Consolidation services can also be provided by a freight forwarder for t

12、he overseas importer who buys small consignments of merchandise from numerous vendors. 货运代理人也可以向海外的进口商提供合并运输服务，这些进口商需要从众多的卖主那里各自购买少量商品进行托运。 The vendors are instructed by their buyer to deliver the merchandise to the forwarder who consolidates the consignments for dispatch to the buyer. 卖主会按照买主的指示，将商

13、品交付给货运代理人，货运代理人对货物进行合并运输并且将它们分派给买方。 The forwarder issues to each seller his house bill of lading or the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt (FCR). 货运代理人签发货运提单或者货运代理人收货证明书给每个卖主。 benefit: 有益于concerned: 有关的（在这里是指“相关的各方”） national economy: 国内经济 合并运输的优势 Consolidation can benefit all concerned, e.g. exporte

14、rs and shippers, carrier and forwarder. The national economy can also benefit.合并运输能使所有相关各方获益，例如：出口商和委托人，承运人和货运代理人。也有益于国内经济发展。 历年考题：Consolidation can benefit all concerned such as exporters and shippers, carrier and forwarder. ( ) 答案：对分析：合并运输能使所有相关各方获益，例如出口商和委托人，承运人和货运代理人 lower than: 低于 normally: 正常情

15、况下，通常的pay to: 支付 particularly: 特别地，尤其 be beneficial to: 有益于. establish stbl : 建立，成立，设立，安置 bargaining strength: 讨价还价的能力negotiate: 谈判，商定shipping line company: 船运公司 1、对于出口商和托运人的好处：1）可以获得低的运费费率。 They get the benefit of a rate lower than they would have normally paid to the carrier. It is particularly be

16、neficial to small shippers who are not well established in their trade and who do not have enough bargaining strength to negotiate rates with the shipping or air lines companies. 对于出口商和托运人来说，他们可以从低于正常情况下支付给承运人的价格中获益。特别对于那些小的托运人来说，他们还没有很好的建立起市场，并且没有足够的与船运公司或者空运公司进行讨价还价的能力。 advantageous: 有益的，有利的 a wid

17、e range of: 大范围的，范围广的instead of: 而不是，代替 approach: 与.打交道，接近shipping line: 航运公司offer: 提供 2）可以选择更多的航线，目的地范围更广 Also, shippers find it advantageous to deal through a freight forwarder who provides consolidation services to a wide range of destinations instead of approaching several shipping lines, each o

18、f which may be offering services only on routes which they operate. 托运人也发现了通过货运代理人进行合并运输的另一个好处，合并运输服务所提供的目的地范围更广，他们不仅仅限于与几个航运公司接洽，而每个航运公司可能只能提供他们所运营的航线上的服务。 2、对于承运人的好处：1）可以节省时间和工作 The carrier does not have to handle individual consignments and these results in considerable savings in paperwork and t

19、ime. 承运人不用处理个别的托运，这样可以省去很多的文书工作和时间。 intensive: 集中的，增强的 utilization: 利用 carrying capacity: 运输能力，承载能力 2）可以集中利用运输能力 There is more intensive utilization of his carrying capacity as the consolidator offers his FCL cargoes. 承运人还可以集约利用他的运载能力，因为合并运输人提供的是整箱货物。 save on: 节省 expenditurekspndt: 支出，花费 otherwise:

20、另外，否则，不同地 incur: 招致 maintain: 保持，维持 equipment: 设备，装备，船上用具 employ: 雇用 LCL shipment: 拼装货物运输 freight payment: 支付运费 take care of: 负责 freight handling equipment:货物装卸设备 3）可以节省开支 The carrier also saves on the expenditure which he would have otherwise incurred in maintaining freight handling equipment and i

21、n employing workers to handle LCL shipments, and he does not have to take the risk of freight payments by the individual shipper as this is taken care of by the freight forwarder. 承运人还可以节省支出，如使用设备所需的维护费和进行拼装货物运输所需雇佣工人的费用，并且他不需要承担个别托运人运费支付方面的风险，因为这个是由货运代理人负责的。 常用短语、名词 Consolidation 合并运输 Consolidator 合并运输人 Groupage 拼箱 Full container loads (FCL) 整箱货 Less than carload lot (LCL) 拼箱货 House bill of lading 货代提单 Wholesale 批发 Retail 零售 Bargaining strength 讨价还价能力