国际经济学选择题集含答案

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1、ContentsChapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 2Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution 13Chapter 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model 22Chapter 6 The Standard Trade Model 31Chapter 7 Economies of Scale, imperfect Competition, and Internati

2、onal Trade 41Chapter 8 International Factor Movements 50Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy 60Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage - The Ricardian ModelMultiple Choice Questions1. Countries trade with each other because they are _ and because of _.A.different, costsB.similar

3、, scale economiesC. different, scale economiesD.similar, costsE. None of the above.2. Trade between two countries can benefit both countries ifA. each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage. B. each country enjoys superior terms of trade.C. each country has a more elastic

4、demand for the imported goods.D. each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods.E. Both C and D.3. The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage states that a country has a comparative advantage in widgets ifA. output per worker of widgets is higher in that country.B. that countrys ex

5、change rate is low.C. wage rates in that country are high.D. the output per worker of widgets as compared to the output of some other product is higher in that country.E. Both B and C.4. In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we nee

6、d information on at least _unit labor requirementsA. oneB. twoC. threeD. fourE. five5. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA. is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B. is producing imports i

7、ndirectly more efficiently than it could domestically. C. is producing exports using fewer labor units.D. is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E. None of the above.6. Given the following information: Unit Labor Requirements Cloth Widgets Home 10 20 Foreign 60 30A. Neither country

8、has a comparative advantage.B. Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C. Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D. Home has a comparative advantage in widgets.E. Home has a comparative advantage in both products.7. If it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exp

9、orts, then home should A. export cloth.B. export widgets.C. export both and import nothing.D. export and import nothing.E. All of the above.8. If the Home economy suffered a meltdown, and the Unit Labor Requirements in each of the products quadrupled (that is, doubled to 30 for cloth and 60 for widg

10、ets) then home shouldA. export cloth.B. export widgets.C. export both and import nothing.D. export and import nothing.E. All of the above.9. If wages were to double in Home, then Home should:A. export cloth.B. export widgets.C. export both and import nothing.D. export and import nothing.E. All of th

11、e above.10. If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA. both countries could benefit from trade with each other. B. neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C. each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.D. neither country wi

12、ll want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.E. both countries will want to specialize in cloth.11. Given the following information: Number of Units Produced by one Unit of Labor Cloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A. Neither country has a comparative advantage.B. Home has a c

13、omparative advantage in cloth. C. Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth. D. Foreign has a comparative advantage in widgets.E. Home has a comparative advantage in both products.12. The opportunity cost of cloth in terms of widgets in Foreign is if it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-sla

14、ve labor to produce its exports, then home shouldA. export cloth.B. export widgets.C. export both and import nothing.D. export and import nothing.E. All of the above.13. If wages were to double in Home ,then Home shouldA. export cloth.B. export widgets.C. export both and import nothing.D. export and

15、 import nothing.E. All of the above.14. If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA. both countries could benefit from trade with each other. B. neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C. each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative adv

16、antage.D. neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.E. both countries will want to specialize in cloth.15. If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 40 cloths, thenA. both countries could benefit from trade with each other. B. neither country could be

17、nefit from trade with each other.C. each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.D. neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.E. both countries will want to specialize in cloth.16. In a two product two country world, i

18、nternational trade can lead to increases inA. consumer welfare only if output of both products is increased.B. output of both products and consumer welfare in both countries.C. total production of both products but not consumer welfare in both countriesD. consumer welfare in both countries but not t

19、otal production of both products.E. None of the above.17. As a result of trade, specialization in the Ricardian model tends to beA. complete with constant costs and with increasing costs.B. complete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.C. incomplete with constant costs and comple

20、te with increasing costs.D. incomplete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.E. None of the above.18. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundleA. inside its production possibilities frontier.B. on its production possibilities fron

21、tier.C. outside its production possibilities frontier.D. inside its trade-partners production possibilities frontier.E. on its trade-partners production possibilities frontier.19. In the Ricardian model, if a countrys trade is restricted, this will cause all except which?A. Limit specialization and

22、the division of labor.B. Reduce the volume of trade and the gains from tradeC. Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities curvesD. May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparative disadvantageE. None of the above.20. If a very small country trades with a v

23、ery large country according to the Ricardian model, thenA. the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B. the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C. the small country will enjoy gains from trade.D. the large country will enjoy gains from trade.E. None of the abo

24、ve.21. If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA. country H but not country F will gain from trade.B. country H and country F will both gain from trade.C. neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D. only the country whose go

25、vernment subsidizes its exports will gain.E. None of the above.22. If the world terms of trade equal those of country F, thenA. country H but not country F will gain from trade.B. country H and country F will both gain from trade.C. neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D. only the country wh

26、ose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E. None of the above.23. If the world terms of trade equal those of country ,F thenA. country H but not country F will gain from trade. B. country H and country F will both gain from trade. C. neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D. only the co

27、untry whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E. None of the above.24. If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin), then production occurs under conditions ofA. constant opportunity costs.B. increasing opportunity costs.C. decreasing opportunity costs.D. inf

28、inite opportunity costs.E. None of the above.25. If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA. their supply curves are identical.B. their cost functions are identical.C. their demand conditions identical.D. their incomes are identical.E.

29、 None of the above.26. If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA. their supply curves are identical.B. their cost functions are identical.C. their demand functions differ.D. their incomes are identical.E. None of the above.27. The ear

30、liest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated withA. David Hume.B. David Ricardo.C. Adam Smith.D. Eli Heckscher.E. Bertil Ohlin.28. If one countrys wage level is very high relative to the others (the relative wage exceeding the relative productivity ratios), then if they bo

31、th use the same currencyA. neither country has a comparative advantage.B. only the low wage country has a comparative advantage.C. only the high wage country has a comparative advantage.D. consumers will still find trade worth while from their perspective.E.None of the above.29. If one countrys wage

32、 level is very high relative to the others (the relative wage exceeding the relative productivity ratios), thenA. it is not possible that producers in each will find export markets profitable.B. it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance their respective welfares through import

33、s.C. it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade.D. it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade.E. None of the above.30. The Ricardian model is based on all of the following exceptA. only two nations and two products.B.no diminishing returns.C. labor i

34、s the only factor of production.D. product quality varies among nations.E. None of the above.31. Ricardos original theory of comparative advantage seemed of limited real-world value because it was founded on theA. labor theory of value.B.capital theory of value.C.land theory of value.D.entrepreneur

35、theory of value.E. None of the above.32. According to Ricardo, a country will have a comparative advantage in the product in which itsA. labor productivity is relatively low.B. labor productivity is relatively high.C. labor mobility is relatively low.D. labor mobility is relatively high.E. None of t

36、he above.33. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships is equivalent toA. France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B. France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and sh

37、ips.C. Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D. France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E. None of the above.34. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour

38、. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA. U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japans 15 units per hour. B. U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japans was 20.C. U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japans 30.D. U.S. labor prod

39、uctivity equaled 15 and Japans 25 units per hour.E. None of the above.35. If the United States production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germanys was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA. the United States has no comparative advantageB. Germany has a comparative ad

40、vantage in butter.C. the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D. Not enough information is given.E. None of the above.36. Suppose the United States production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germanys was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German mark

41、 is sharply depreciated against the U.S. dollar. We now know thatA. the United States has no comparative advantageB. Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C. the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D. Not enough information is given.E. None of the above.37. Suppose the United

42、 States production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germanys was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German wage doubles, but U.S. wages do not change at all. We now know thatA. the United States has no comparative advantage.B. Germany has a comparative adva

43、ntage in butter.C. the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D. Not enough information is given.E. None of the above.Essay Questions1. Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have very low labor productivities in many sectors, in manufacturing and agriculture. They often despair of even t

44、rying to attempt to build their industries unless it is done in an autarkic context, behind protectionist walls because they do not believe they can compete with more productive industries abroad. Discuss this issue in the context of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage.2. In 1975, wage leve

45、ls in South Korea were roughly 5% of those in the United States. It is obvious that if the United States had allowed Korean goods to be freely imported into the United States at that time, this would have caused devastation to the standard of living in the United States.,because no producer in this

46、country could possibly compete with such low wages. Discuss this assertion in the context of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage.3. The evidence cited in the chapter using the examples of the East Asia New Industrializing Countries suggests that as international productivities converge, so

47、do international wage levels. Why do you suppose this happened for the East Asian NICs? In light of your answer, what do you think is likely to happen to the relative wages (relative to those in the United States) of China in the coming decade? Explain your reasoning.4. When we examine the 2 Good 2

48、Country version of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, we note that comparative advantage is totally determined by physical productivity ratios. Changes in wage rates in either country cannot affect these physically determined comparative advantages, and hence cannot affect, which product

49、will be exported by which country. However, when more than 2 goods are added to the model (still with 2 countries), changes in wage rates in one or the other country can in fact determine which good or goods each of the countries will export. How can you explain this anomaly?5. An examination of the

50、 Ricardian model of comparative advantage yields the clear result that trade is (potentially) beneficial for each of the two trading partners since it allows for an expanded consumption choice for each. However, for the world as a whole the expansion of production of one product must involve a decre

51、ase in the availability of the other, so that it is not clear that trade is better for the world as a whole as compared to an initial situation of non-trade (but efficient production in each country). Are there in fact gains from trade for the world as a whole? Explain.Quantitative/Graphing Problems

52、1.Given the following information: Unit Labor Requirements Cloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of Cloth in terms of Widgets in Foreign?2.Given the following information: Unit Labor Requirements Cloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these tw

53、o goods in the context of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit of the world equilibrium price of widgets?3.Given the following information: Unit Labor Requirements Cloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other

54、 in according to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, what is the lower limit for the price of cloth?4.Given the following information: Units Produced by One Worker/Hour Cloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of cloth in terms of Wwdgets in Foreign?5.Given the fo

55、llowing information: Units Produced by One Worker/Hour Cloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in the following the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit for the world equilibrium price of cloth?1. Home has 1

56、200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is 2.a. Graph Homes production possibility frontier.b. What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas?c. In the absence of trade,

57、 what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? Why?2. Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreigns unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana production it is 1.a. Graph Foreigns production possibility frontier.b. Construct the world relative supply curve.3. Now suppose world relative demand takes the following form: Demand for apples / demand for bananas = price of bananas / price of applesa. Graph the relative dema