typesofmedicalpracticemcgrawhilleducation

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1、CHAPTER 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2Types of Medical Practice 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-22.1 Describe medical specialties and specialists.2.2 Explain the purpose of the American Board of Medical Specialties.2.3 Describe the duties of several

2、 types of allied health professionals with whom medical assistants may work.2.4 Name professional associations that may help advance a medical assistants career.Learning Outcomes 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-3IntroductionMedical assistants are an integral part of the heal

3、th-care teamA working knowledge of specialties and allied health professionals enables the MA to function better as a member of the health-care team 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-4Medical Specialties Approximately 22 major medical specialties existSpecialized medical care

4、is driven by advances in diagnosing and treating various diseasesCardiologyPediatricsAdultNote:Cardiology=specialty Pediatrics and Adult=subspecialty 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-5Physician Education and LicensureBachelors DegreeGraduate from an Accredited Medical SchoolP

5、ass the U.S.Medical Licensing ExamComplete 26 Years of Residency 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-6Medical SpecialistsSpecialistFunctionsFamily PracticeMedical doctors that treat all conditions and age groupsAlso called general practitioners or primary care physicians by insu

6、rance companiesRefers patients to specialists for specific diseases requiring specialized careAllergistDiagnoses and treats people with hypersensitivity to substances such as drugs,chemicals,and elements in nature 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-7Medical Specialists(cont.)Sp

7、ecialistFunctionsAnesthesiologistAdministers medications that alter sensation and feelings during surgeryBariatricsMedical and surgical treatment of obesityCardiologistDiagnoses and treats diseases of the heart and blood vesselsDermatologistDiagnoses and treats diseases of the skin,hair,and nails 20

8、11 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-8Medical Specialists(cont.)SpecialistFunctionsDoctor of OsteopathyUses eyes and hands to identify structural problems and promote natural healingUses osteopathic manipulative medicine(OMM)techniquesEmergency Medicine PhysicianWorks in hospital e

9、mergency roomsDiagnoses and treats medical crises and accidentsEndocrinologistDiagnoses and treats disorders of the endocrine system,which regulates many body functions 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-9Medical Specialists(cont.)SpecialistFunctionsGastroenterologistDiagnoses

10、and treats disorders related to the stomach,intestines,and other organsGerontologistDiagnoses and treats problems and diseases affecting older adultsGynecologistDiagnoses and treats diseases of the female reproductive systemInternistDiagnoses and treats problems related to internal organs 2011 The M

11、cGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-10Medical Specialists(cont.)SpecialistFunctionsNephrologistStudies,manages,and diagnoses diseases of the kidneyNeurologistDiagnoses and treats disorders and diseases of the nervous systemObstetricianStudies pregnancy,labor and delivery,and postpartumOnc

12、ologist Identifies and treats patients with cancer 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-11Medical Specialists(cont.)SpecialistFunctionOphthalmologistDiagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the eyeOrthopedistDiagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of muscles and bonesOt

13、orhinolaryngologistDiagnoses and treats ear,nose,and throat disordersPathologistStudies bodily changes produced by disease processesPediatrician/Adolescent MedicineDiagnoses and treats childhood diseases 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-12Medical Specialists(cont.)SpecialistF

14、unctionPhysiatristDiagnoses and treats diseases and disorders with physical therapyPodiatristTreats disorders of the footPlastic SurgeonPerforms reconstruction,correction,and improvement of body structuresProctologistTreats disorders of the anus,rectum,and intestinesRadiologist/Nuclear MedicineUses

15、x-rays and radioactive substances to diagnose and treat diseases 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-13Medical Specialists(cont.)SpecialistFunctionSports MedicineSubspecialty of medicine dealing with treatment and preventative care of athletes SurgeonUses hands and instruments t

16、o diagnose,correct,and treat injuries,diseases,and deformitiesUrologistDiagnoses and treats diseases of the kidneys,bladder,and urinary system 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-14Apply Your KnowledgeName the medical specialists who would be involved in the care of a 6-month-ol

17、d infant with massive burns over 90%of the body and indicate how each specialist would contribute to the care for this situation.ANSWER:The following specialists would be involved in the care of this patient:Pediatrician because of the age of the infant Plastic surgeon to perform skin grafting Derma

18、tologist for skin,hair,and nail repair Emergency medicine for treatment during medical crisisCorrect!2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-15PATIENTMedical AssistantsDoctorsSpecialistsNursesHealth-Care TeamKnowing the duties of other health-care team members will help you be a mor

19、e effective team member.2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-16Allied Health Professionals DisciplineFunctionAcupuncturist Treats pain or discomfort by inserting thin,hollow needles under the skin to balance the opposing forces of yin and yang Based on Chinese beliefs 2011 The Mc

20、Graw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-17Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionChiropractorTreats disorders without drugs or surgery by making adjustments to realign the vertebrae in the spineIs an independent practitionerElectroencephalographic(EEG)Technologist/TechnicianElectr

21、oencephalography is the study and recording of the brains electrical activityEEG technicians work in hospitals,physicians offices,and clinics 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-18Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionElectrocardiograph(ECG)TechnicianECG technician

22、s operate electrocardiograph machines that record the hearts electrical impulsesECG technicians work in hospitals 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-19Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionMassage TherapistPromotes muscle and full body relaxation;increases circula

23、tion and lymph flow One of the oldest methods to promote healingMedical Administrative Assistant Provides administrative support to medical,professional,and technical personnelTranscribing dictationComposing correspondenceWorks in hospitals,clinics,etc.2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights r

24、eserved.2-20Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical Billing and CodingExtraction and coding of medical information from patient records Preparation of insurance claims to maximize reimbursement and ensure ethical standards in the professionMedical Records TechnologistOrganizes,an

25、alyzes,and evaluates medical records Compiles administrative and health statistics,code symptoms,and inputs and retrieves computerized health dataRegistered Health Information Administrator(RHIA)and Accredited Health Information Technician(RHIT)2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.

26、2-21Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical Office Administrator/ManagerManages the practice of a physician or a group practiceCoordinates records and filingOversees office staffMay also greet patients,make appointments,and perform general secretarial tasksRequires knowledge of C

27、omputer application softwareAdvanced document processing skillsAccounting 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-22Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical Technology includes:Clinical Laboratory Technician(CLT)Performs lab tests under supervision of physicians o

28、r medical technologists1-or 2-year degreeWorks in hospital labs,clinics,etc.Medical TechnologistPerforms lab tests and procedures such as examining body fluids and tissuesHas a 4-year degreeWorks in clinics,industry,hospitals,research,etc.2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-23Al

29、lied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical TranscriptionistTranslates a physicians dictation into comprehensive,typed recordsWorks in attorney offices,insurance companies,hospitals,physician offices,clinics,and laboratoriesMental Health Technician(Psychiatric Aide or Counselor)Partici

30、pates in supervising group therapy and counseling sessions Works with emotionally disturbed and mentally challenged patients Work settings include psychiatric clinics,crisis centers and shelters,hospital psychiatric units,and specialized nursing home settings 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All r

31、ights reserved.2-24Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionNuclear Medicine TechnologistCompletes either a 2-year or 4-year programWorks in hospitals,physician offices,or public health institutionsDuties include:Overseeing quality controlPreparing and administering radioactive drugsOpera

32、ting radiation detection instrumentsPositioning patientsPerforming imaging procedures 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-25Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionOccupational TherapistHelps patients attain maximum physical and mental health through the use of educa

33、tional,vocational,and rehabilitation activitiesHas a 4-year degree plus 9-to 12-month internship at an accredited hospitalWork settings include:HospitalGovernment agencyRehabilitation hospital 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-26Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunc

34、tionPharmacistDispenses medications and health supplies Employment in hospitals,clinics,nursing homes,pharmaceutical companies,or private or chain pharmacies Three levels of educational training for pharmacy careersPharmacist Technician(CPhT)2-year programs Registered Pharmacist(RPh)5 years of colle

35、ge Doctor of Pharmacy(PharmD)6 to 7 years of college with residency 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-27Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionPhlebotomistDraws blood for diagnostic laboratory testingReceives advanced phlebotomy training that allows him/her to dra

36、w blood under difficult circumstances Most states require phlebotomists to be certified by the National Phlebotomy Association or registered by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-28Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctio

37、nPhysical Therapist(PT)Has a bachelors degree in physical therapy and must pass a state board examinationMay work in hospitals,rehabilitation centers,outpatient clinics,private practice,or sports medicine centerImproves patient functioning by using:Electricity,heat,and cold Ultrasound and massageExe

38、rcise 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-29Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionPhysician Assistant(PA)Provides direct patient care under the supervision of a licensed physicianTraining requirements vary;many states require certification and registration with the

39、 state medical boardWorks in a variety of settings:private practice,nursing homes,hospitals,etc.Some states allow PAs to write prescriptions 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-30Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionRadiographer(X-ray Technician)Assists a radiolog

40、ist in taking x-ray films May be employed in hospitals,physicians offices,clinics,government agencies,etc.Radiographic TechnologistTrained in x-ray theory and practical applications as well as radioactive materials May specialize in radiation therapy,radiography,or nuclear medicineWorks in hospitals

41、,clinics,medical laboratories,and medical practices 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-31Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionRegistered DietitianAlso called nutritionistAssists patients and family with nutrition planningMay prepare and serve food to groupsWork s

42、ettings include:Community health agencies HospitalsClinics Private practices Teaching and consulting 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-32Allied Health Professionals(cont.)DisciplineFunctionRespiratory TherapistWorks under the supervision of a physicianWorks in hospitals,physic

43、ians offices,nursing homes,and commercial companiesEvaluates,treats,and cares for patients with respiratory problems such as:AsthmaEmphysemaPneumoniaBronchitis 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-33Nursing CareersTrainingSample DutiesNursing Aide/Assistant1 week to 3 monthsMakes

44、 bedsChecks vital signsBathes patientsPractical/Vocational Nurse(LPN,LVN)1 yearChecks vital signsAdministers medicationsChanges dressingsAssists registered nurses and physicians 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-34Registered Nurse(RN)Educational PreparationLength of ProgramAss

45、ociate Degree RN(ADN)2 yearsDiploma RN3 yearsBaccalaureate RN(BSN)4 years 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-35Nursing Careers(cont.)TitleFunctionRegistered Nurse(RN)RN designation once state boards are passedResponsible for planning,providing,and supervising bedside care of pa

46、tientsWork settings includeHospitals,nursing homes,and physicians officesPublic health agencies and government agenciesEducational settings 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-36Nursing Careers(cont.)TitleFunctionNurse Practitioner(NP)An RN that functions in an expanded roleRequ

47、ires a minimum of a Masters degree and 4 to 12 months of formal training or an apprenticeshipDuties include:Physical examinationsTreating common illnesses and injuriesMany states allow NPs to write prescriptionsPatient education 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-37Apply Your K

48、nowledgeIf you had to choose other health-care team members to plan the care for a 68-year-old patient recently diagnosed with a stroke,who has a history of seizure disorders,which would you choose,and why?ANSWER:The health-care team members that might participate in this patients care are:Physical

49、therapist for decreased mobility due to strokePharmacist to review medicationsNutritionist for dietary evaluation and possible modificationsEEG technician to perform EEG for brain electrical activityNursing staff(RN,LPN,CNA)Other health-care professionals will also be part of the team!Good Job!2011

50、The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-38Specialty Career Options for MAsRequire additional education or trainingMany options available check:Local and medical college librariesState employment agenciesHealth career opportunities in local newspapersDirectly with companies where you migh

51、t seek employment 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-39Specialty Career Options(cont.)SpecialtyFunctionAnesthetists AssistantProvides anesthetic care under direct supervision of the anesthetistWorks in hospitals and high-technology surgical centersAssists in evaluating patient

52、mental and physical statusCertified Laboratory AssistantPerforms lab procedures such as bacteriology,chemistry,hematology,parasitology,serology,and urinalysis Supervised by medical technologists or hospital pathologistsWorks in labs,clinics,physicians offices,etc.2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.A

53、ll rights reserved.2-40Specialty Career Options(cont.)SpecialtyFunctionDental AssistantCan practice without formal education or trainingPerforms both administrative and lab functionsWorks in private practice,clinics,schools,local health agencies,and for insurance companiesEmergency Medical Technicia

54、n/ParamedicReferred to as an EMTTrained to triage patients and follow instructions from a physicianWorks for an ambulance service or in fire department,hospital emergency room,or private industry 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-41Specialty Career Options(cont.)SpecialtyFunct

55、ionOccupational Therapist AssistantSupervised by occupational therapistsTeaches fine motor skills,occupations,and the arts to patients with mental and physical disabilitiesEarns a 2-year degreeOphthalmic AssistantAssists ophthalmologistsPerforms simple vision testing and other proceduresThree ophtha

56、lmic career levels:TechnologistTechnicianAssistant 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-42Specialty Career Options(cont.)SpecialtyFunctionPathologist AssistantSupervised by a pathologistSome work with forensic and/or anatomic pathologistsPerforms laboratory duties and some admini

57、strative functionsPediatric Medical AssistantAssists the pediatrician with administrative and clinical dutiesWorks in private practice,hospitals,and clinics 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-43Specialty Career Options(cont.)SpecialtyFunctionPharmacy TechnicianPerforms routine

58、tasks related to recordkeeping and preparing and dispensing medicationsWorks in hospitals,pharmaceutical firms,and wholesale pharmaciesPhysical Therapy AssistantWorks directly under the physical therapistPerforms tests and treatment proceduresObserves and documents patient responses to therapyWorks

59、in hospitals,rehabilitation centers,nursing homes,etc.2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-44Specialty Career Options(cont.)SpecialtyFunctionRadiation Therapy TechnologistAssists the radiologistMaintains radiation treatment equipmentCompletes a 2-or 4-year education programWorks

60、in hospitals,labs,clinics,and physicians officesRespiratory Therapy TechnicianWorks under supervision of physician and respiratory therapistPerforms artificial ventilation and maintains respiratory equipmentWorks in hospitals,physician offices,nursing homes,etc.2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All

61、 rights reserved.2-45Specialty Career Options(cont.)SpecialtyFunctionSpeech/Language PathologistEvaluates,diagnoses,and counsels patients with communication problems like stutteringUsually has a Masters degreeWorks in schools,hospitals,research settings,or private practiceSurgical TechnicianComplete

62、s a 2-or 4-year degreeProvides patient services under direct supervision of a surgeonPerforms diagnostic and therapeutic proceduresWorks primarily in hospitals 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-46Professional AssociationsInvolvement in issues and activities relevant to your pr

63、ofessionOpportunities for continuingeducation 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-47Professional Associations(cont.)American Association of Medical Assistants(AAMA)The Association for Healthcare Documentation Integrity(AHDI)American College of Physicians(ACP)American Hospital As

64、sociation(AHA)2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-48Professional Associations(cont.)American Medical Technologist(AMT)American Pharmacists AssociationAmerican Society of Phlebotomy Technicians(ASPI)American Medical Association(AMA)2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights re

65、served.2-49TJCFormerly The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare OrganizationsNon-profit organizationGoal is to maintain and elevate the standards of health-care delivery by health-care organizationsEvaluation AccreditationAccreditation is significant factor in gaining reimbursement from M

66、edicare and managed care organizations 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-50Council of Ethical and Judicial Affairs(CEJA)Develops policy for the AMAAddresses timely ethical issuesMaintains and updates the AMA Code of EthicsComprehensive ethics guide for physicians 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.2-51Apply Your KnowledgeWhich of the professional organizations listed below are primarily for the role(s)of medical assistants?AMAAAMAAHAAMTASCPAAMTACPAPhARi