2023年全国新课标Ⅰ卷高考英语真题及答案

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1、2023年全国新课标卷高考英语真题及答案本试卷共12页。考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出, 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 听力（1-20小题）

2、在笔试结束后进行。第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals

3、, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make s

4、ure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.PricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11007.501

5、day (24 hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.00600Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a Mac

6、Bike shop or book online.1. What is an advantage of MacBike?A. It gives children a discount.B. It of offers many types of bikes.C. It organizes free cycle tours.D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A. 15.75.B. 19.50.

7、C. 22.75.D. 29.50.3. Where does the guided city tour start?A. The Gooyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.BWhen John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear

8、 after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking qu

9、estions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John

10、set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,

11、 these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks it had all been digested, and all that was

12、 left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John

13、gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A

14、. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the authors purpose in mentioning

15、Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.B. To show an application of Johns idea.C. To compare Johns different jobs.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.7. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny cre

16、atures live in groups.CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I d

17、escribe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggeste

18、d method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benef

19、its to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, Ill guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, Ill draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. Youll hear these participants stories and learn what str

20、ategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处)

21、 and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your eff

22、orts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.8. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.9. What does the underlined word “de

23、clutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part

24、two?A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.DOn March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation h

25、e conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of

26、 these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be independent.

27、If for whatever reasons, peoples errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller g

28、roups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtaine

29、d from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to cha

30、nge their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasnt the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limit

31、ations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of peoples errors.D. The design of Galtons experiment.13

32、. Navajas study found that the average accuracy could increase even if _.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent14. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The domin

33、ant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.15. What is the authors attitude toward Navajas studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a

34、positive step, but dont beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. _16_ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” _17_ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They d

35、ont have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that youre proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things youve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ir

36、oning without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. _18_You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. _19_ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fa

37、ct, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is its true. _20_ We re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a po

38、sitive way to develop and grow.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats

39、 happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cro

40、ss-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have _21_ the course earlier than she did. Her _22_ came because she was carrying a _23_ across the finish line.As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her _24_ when a runner in front of her began crying

41、 in pain. She _25_ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with _26_. She couldnt. Bailey then _27_ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _28_ attentio

42、n.Once there, Lenoue was _29_ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme _30_ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Baileys help.As for Bailey, she is more _31_ about why her act is considered a big _3

43、2_. “She was just crying. I couldnt _33_ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”Although the two young women were strangers before the _34_, theyve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the _35_ of human kindness won the day.21. A. designedB. followe

44、dC. changedD. finished22. A. delayB. chanceC. troubleD. excuse23. A. judgeB. volunteerC. classmateD. competitor24. A. raceB. schoolC. townD. training25. A. agreedB. returnedC. stoppedD. promised26. A. courageB. aidC. patienceD. advice27. A. went awayB. stood upC. stepped asideD. bent down28. A. medi

45、calB. publicC. constantD. equal29. A. interruptedB. assessedC. identifiedD. appreciated30. A. hungerB. painC. coldD. tiredness31. A. worriedB. ashamedC. confusedD. discouraged32. A. gameB. problemC. lessonD. deal33. A. leaveB. cureC. botherD. understand34. A. rideB. testC. meetD. show35. A. secretB.

46、 displayC. benefitD. exchange第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _36_ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arri

47、ve steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether _37_ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), _38_ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the _39_ (recognize) home of the sou

48、p dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long haos birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _40_ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long ba

49、o have a fine skin, allowing them _41_ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _42_ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with _43_ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _44_ (rare) enough, ye

50、t two seems greedy, so I am always left _45_ (want) more next time.第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (满分15分)46. 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括；1. 说明问题；2. 提出建议。注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Ryan, Im Li Hua from Class 3. _Yours sincerely, Li Hua第二节 (满分25分)47. 阅读下面

51、材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my t

52、eacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If youre willing to ap

53、ply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Reveres horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. M

54、y story would come straight from the horses mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone elses choice. What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to qu

55、it. But, like Reveres horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and sai

56、d, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didnt win, I wouldnt care. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there ca

57、me the news. _I went to my teachers office after the award presentation. _参考答案本试卷共12页。考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出, 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑

58、。5. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A1.B2.C3.DB4.C5.D6.B7.AC8.B9.A10.C11.AD12.B13.D14.C15.D第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G第二部分 语言运用(共两节

59、，满分30分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21.D22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)36.tasty37.to bite38.or39.recognized40.by41.to be lifted42.their43.a44.rarely45.wanting第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (满分15分)46.Dear Ryan, Im Li Hua from Class 3. I think its not a goo