词汇学复习要点总结

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1、词汇学复习要点总结1. Wod deiiion: A word is dfidb the ssociai oa givn ense wth ivn grop o soundscabo a given gamaiclue. P 2. The developmetof Engshcabuary P 3(1) Th O ngsh: 449-1100，(2) Mdde Eglis： 1100(3) ModernEglish: 500-pset3. Classificaon f English WordsP 9(1) y rign: native ors a loanwr(2) By vl usage:

2、 omo words; ieral wos; colloqualwors; slg words; ecial ds (3) y tion： unction ds and cnent wors 4. uncio wors &conen wods P7Funtion word are ften sort od suh s detmnr， conjuctions, pestos, auxilaris, ad sorth. unctios words bhavlik gamticalsals or uonl arker, epressin the kins of connecton btweencot

3、ntords.5. Mrphedefiniton 2Therpheme is t malltmeaningful lnguistic unitf language, not visible oalyzleito sllr forms.6. llomrps P22Aallomorph s any f thearn formsof a mrpheas onditonypositionor adjonn sound. 7. Classicaion of morphees P 23A. re mrphemesandbu morphemesB. Roots and afxe 8. 区分Inletonal

4、 ffixes 和eriatio afixes 29. Dfinitio of roo stem and base 33(1) Rt: A oti a form whih i noturer analyzal, eithe in terms oferivational orilecon moolo.(2) A smiso ocern onl e dealng wih infectional mophoy. Iflctional (but nt erivaioa)fixes add t it： it i epr ofthe word-fom i reins hen allinfletioalaf

5、eshae bee emve(3) A basesay frm to hichaixsif n id can beadded; it my also be dfind as”a for towhicrle of wrd-foration s applied”10. Diferensf root, se and bae P 33(1) Anyrooortem can be terme abase. But a sefer fo a roo, n thathe formeris a deivaonally anayzal form to which rvtionl fxesar dded, hil

6、e thette is a for wich pemisno further nalyi. (2) A bse i lso diferent from astesice bo derivational nd flecionalaffixes can be attaced toabs, weeas l inflectinal affixes c be aded a em11. Dinion fderiatin P 42Derivtionmay bdeined as arocess o formgnew orsth additif wordlment, suh asa rf， sfix or on

7、igform， to aleadexistng or. 12. Classifctionsf refxes P44(给定前缀须知意思，连线题)(1) “ngtie” pefixes:un-, no,i-， dis,a- (2) “evraie rprivative” reies:un-, de, dis (3) “pjotive”prefixs: mis-, ma-,peudo (4) “preixs ofdgree sze”: arc-, upe, out，sub,ove-,undr-， yper-, ltra-, in(5) refixe ofattitude: c, couter， at

8、, po(6) “locativ” prexes: supe, su,ine-, tans-(7) Prefixsof im a ordr: ore-, r, ost-， ex,re-(8) “number” prefies:uni-/mon-， i-/di-, tri, mul-/poly- (9) A miscellneus caloue: ato,neo, pan-, proto, em,ice- 13. Clasifcaos osffixe 9(1) Accrdg to ord-cass oth d the form(2) ccodig t the kind of base14. if

9、ferences beeen intilisms d acrnym 72Iiialism is typeofsreni, sing te irstleer of wrds t om poprame, tecna r, or phrse; aniialis i ponounced etter y leer. Arnymeds forme frm he initil tters of he nam of an oraiaton r a scenifc term， cronmsdife frm niialism inttthey ar ponunced as words ratertanaequen

10、ceso leters.15. ClipingP 7There o cippig inolves the deleton of oe or morelae fom a word, whchs als available in ts full . 16. BleingP 7Bledin is te pross owor-formtio in whic a new word i formed by comiin he menins andsn ftwo words, on of whih i o in s full fr t fwhchre notin ther fullfom.17. nvton

11、alty P 93Mos nish wrds ar cnveional， aritrar symol； oneqenly,hrs no itrincelaton betwee the ud-syol itssene.A ore convncigevene othe conventonal a arbitrar nture of th cnncton bt ond-ymbolndmeaning canbeillstrated bya et of ophones 18. Lexical mening 7 填空Lexca eanig beubdivided to denotatv ann, conn

12、otative eanin, ocia meaigd afecive maning. 19. To procss laing opysm P 111here re to ptant press in the evelopment frd eanig:rdation and contenaion. 20. Tof omnms 对其进行区分P 15(1) Perec hmnms: Wors ideal n oud nd spelling bu fferenti meang ar called pfe homonyms.E.g. lie,page, base.(2) Hoophe: ors dnti

13、ca ison bu diffretn sllinandeaing re lehomphon E.g bear/bar, ar/der, rher, air/ear (3) Hoograp： Wordsidentical n seling budifferet i sn an meani ar alled homogaphs. g. ed,sw, tar.21. 文体效果Polsec ad homonmous ors arstylisticl usul to ahiev hmor r rny， or t heighten drmtic efe. P121Synoms, terefore，e e

14、xemely aable styitialli elpg to avoid motoousrepeition and iacivingprecision. 322. Definion and pe of atonym 需举例P Deiio: t term atonymis usedfor “psites o meang”; word tht are opoita antonms. pes： (1) n h bass of smantic ntras Coraries: Contaries orcotary er dily a tye f semanic cntrast， illustratdy

15、suc pairs as rich an oo, evynd light. Comlemtarie:Copemenaries r cotrdicoesrpreset typ of binay semntioppositin. Th aetonf on ofte tems imples te ialof the the； enit canoteboth t ce. .g. aliv and ead， sle an mrriepresent an absent. Converies： Anther importn ty of binar oppositn .g. lenand borrw，husb

16、adand wfe, eploer ademplyee, aoveand elw. (2) n th basis of mrhogicl tcr Ro antonms: E.g.deep and shalo, love ahate，u n down. Drivatonalantonyms: Wos it the met havig ngative fixs. E.g. hapy and nhapy,posileand impossil， loyal and dslo, rear a pstwar， harmfu andharmles. 23. 简答 Two ypes f ontexP12The

17、 meagswords, esecally those ofpysemus ord may be viewed deerindeiherb linguitc (orverba)contxts or extralnuistic(r overa) otext. (1) Linguistic coext:Thethee main ypes of lingii context arth cal, gramaicl，and ebal cntext in its brod sens. (2) Etraiisticcnte/ Cnteof staion(不会答,求高人解答)24. Linusiccause简

18、答P 17hae f eanin ifrunly brought abou bywotendeniesin alingustic system:towds llsisad toward anogy. 25. ourTendenin Semntc Cane 连线题176A. Resicton o meaing(sialiatin);B. Exension f meaning(genrain)；C. Degeneation of meaing(perao)；D. Elevatin f meaning (aelirtion）.26. Thecoon ri of tonymy 连线题8A. Sinf

19、the person or thng iniied: g.fr t crale to the rav; the Cross;bloohed； rown, scpter,thn. B. Containrfoiscntes；the lc fo thpeole occuin i： e. te bottle； ardo; th ton； techai.C. T abstract for theconcrete: e.g. bea；the pride; autht or tories; th mnaemen;thepes.D. The conrete foh asrac: e. tongue; nme;

20、 set;e floo; ban; ear. E. A part orth whlend vice ersa: fr a prt to inicat e whole，we have follwin xample: a sal;had; head. The hleay bnmed for a prt, e.g tesmiln ya; tay; ountry. F. Thearalf te thngmde：sler;ice；stic； nyns; mare; rubber.27. 填空题 P 191To sm up, a ido may be defindas cobnation of two ormre odwhch ausuallsrcuall ieand semnticlly oaque，and fntin as sngle uitof meaing.I is an sablishdfrm, one hatha been ccepe rdiioa usge.As such, t ompone ords, or order anmeng f ech idom sould belarned s a whole