语言学家CharlesJ.Fillmore

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1、Charles J.Fillmore an American linguist Life and Awardsborn in 19291961 Ph.D.in Linguistics from the University of Michigan1961-1970 The Ohio State University1971 the University of California,Berkeley an Emeritus Professor of Linguistics 1997 the leader of the FrameNet project 2012 Lifetime Achievem

2、ent Award from the Association for Computational Linguistics (the award is given for widely recognized,sustained,and enduring contributions to the field of computational linguistics)the 2012 Antonio Zampolli Prize in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the advancement of language resourc

3、es and language technology evaluationMost influential theoriescase grammar(1960s)frame semantics(1970s-1980s)construction grammar(in the late 1980s)Case GrammarCase grammar is a type of generative grammar.It is a modification to Chomskys transformational grammarThe Case for Case 1968Some problems fo

4、r case grammar 1971The case for case reopened 1977This theory analyzes the surface syntactic structure of sentences by studying the combination of deep cases,which are required by a specific verb.Verb is regarded as the most important part of the sentencedeep cases refer to the relationships between

5、 the verb and various noun phrases in the deep structure of a sentenceAgent(A)John(A)opened the door(O).Object(O)Instrumental(I)He cut the rope with a knife(I).Beneficiary(B)John gave money to the school(B).Experiencer(E)Tom(E)was angry.Locative(L)He lives in Chicago(L).Time(T)Path(P)Source(S)Goal(G

6、)Several deep casesThe student solved problems with a calculator in the classroom this morning.A+V+O+I+L+TTG Grammarby trainon the streeton the next dayCase Grammarby train Instrumenton the street Locativeon the next day TimeTom broke the glass with the hammer.N V Det N P Det NTG GrammarCase Grammar

7、Tom broke the glass with the hammer.A +V +O +I lThe glass was broken by Tom with the hammer.O +V +A +I These cases are easily identifiable across languages,and are held by many psychologists to play an important part in child language acquisition.Inflence:The influence of case grammar on contemporar

8、y linguistics has been significant.Some linguistic theories incorporate deep cases,such as the thematic structure in Government and Binding theory.Frame SemanticsDuring the 1970s,Fillmore gradually discovered some defects of the case grammar theory,and developed his theory onto frame semantics.Frame

9、 semantics is a theory of linguistic meaning.It relates linguistic semantics to encyclopaedic knowledge.Two main ideas in frame semantics1.a word activates,or evokes,a frame of semantic knowledge relating to the specific concept it refers to.e.g.cook Cook Food Container Heating instrument Because th

10、e frames are basically semantic,they are often similar across languages e.g.frames about commercial transaction involve the frame elements like Buyer,Seller,Goods,and Money,regardless of the language in which they are expressed.2.Words not only highlight individual concepts,but also specify a certai

11、n perspective from which the frame is viewed.e.g.Tom sold John the book for three dollars.John bought the book from Tom for three dollars.The book cost John three dollars.the first sentence views the situation from the perspective of the seller(Tom);the second one,the buyer(John)and the third one,th

12、e goods(the book)Basic ideas in frame semamtics:see language as rooted in humans life experienceapproach word and meaning in terms of cognitive framesFrame semantics constitutes a pioneering force for the development of Cognitive Linguistics,particularly Cognitive Semantics.Fillmore is regarded as o

13、ne of the founders of Cognitive LinguisticsFrameNetbegan in 1997 based on frame semanticsa computional lexicography project housed at ICSI(the International Computer Science Institute)in Berkeley,California.a wide-ranging on-line description of the English lexicon.https:/framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu A

14、pplications:For the researchers in Natural Language Processing,the project provides a unique training dataset for semantic role labeling,used in applications such as information extraction,machine translation,event recognition,sentiment analysis,etcConstruction Grammar1988 Fillmore&KayRegularity and

15、 idiomaticity in grammatical construction:The case of let alone This paper,together with George Lakoffs There-Constructions propelled cognitive linguists into the study of Construction Grammar.Fillmore is regarded as one of the precursors of construction grammar Contributionsinfluential in the areas

16、 of syntax and lexical semantics.He has illuminated the fundamental importance of semantics,and its role in motivating syntactic and morphological phenomena.one of the founders of cognitive linguistics influential in computational linguistics and natural language processing.20 以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，谢谢大家！谢谢大家！