最新增译法作为翻译一个普遍准则译者不应当对原文内容随幻灯片

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1、增译法作为翻译一个普遍准增译法作为翻译一个普遍准则译者不应当对原文内容随则译者不应当对原文内容随当然，增译法并不意味着译者可以随心所欲地添枝加叶，而必须遵守一条基本原则，即增加那些在句法上、语义上或修辞上必不可少的词语，也就是增加原文字面虽未出现但却为其实际内容所包含的词语。下面分别介绍翻译中运用增译法的两种主要类型。（三）增加副词 根据原文的上下文，有些动词在一定场合可适当增加副词，才能确切表达原意。As he sat down and began talking,words poured out.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。(2)Tom sank down with his f

2、ace in his hand.汤姆两手蒙着脸，一屁股坐了下去。（四）增加名词 1.英语中有些动词作不及物动词时，宾语实际上是隐含在动词之中的，译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来，否则意思就不够明确。(1)She often tells her son to wash before meal.她经常告诉儿子吃饭前要洗手。.在形容词前增加名词 根据上下文的具体意义，汉译时经常需要在某些形容词前增加名词，才能使译文意义完整明晰，行文自然规范。(1)This television is indeed inexpensive and fine.这台电视真是物美价廉。(2)He was wrinkled a

3、nd black,with scant gray hair.他满脸皱纹，皮肤很黑，头发灰白稀疏。（五）增加表示名词复数的词 汉语名词的复数没有词形变化，很多情况下不必表达出来。表达指多数人的名词时，可在该名词后加上“们”字，如“the teachers”可译为“教师们”或在该名词前面加上“诸位”、“各位”，如“the students”翻译为“各位同学”。此外，英语名词复数，汉译时还可以根据情况，增加重叠词、数词或其他一些词来表达。这样做可以提高修辞效果。.增加重叠词表示复数(1)Very acute problems exist among them.他们之间存在着非常尖锐的种种问题。(2)

4、Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。.增加数词或其他词表示复数 The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。（六）增加表示时态的词 英语主要借助于动词词形变化或使用助动词表示时态。而汉语动词没有词形变化，表达时态必须通过时态助词或其他表示时间的词语。因此，汉译时若要强调时间概念或强调时间上的对比，就要在译文中增加这类词汇。(1)I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant.But this time I was.以前我

5、从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时我会感到高兴。但这次情况的确如此。（七）增加语气助词 汉语中有许多语气助词，如“的”、“吧”、“啊”、“呢”、“来了”、“罢了”、“而已”等等。汉译时增加一些汉语所特有的语气助词，可以更好地表达原作的意义和修辞效果。(1)Dont take it seriously.Im just making fun of you.不要认真嘛！我不过开玩笑罢了(2)As for me,I didnt agree from the very beginning.我呢，从一开始就不赞成。（八）增加量词.英语中数词（包括不定冠词a）与可数名词往往直接连用，它们之间没有量词，

6、而汉语却往往要借助量词。因此翻译时应根据汉语表达习惯恰当地增加表示其形状、特征 或材料的量词。(1)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。(2)A stream was winding its way through the valley into the sea.一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇入海洋。.英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语动词时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的量词。When you finish your homework,you may take a rest.做完作业后，你可以休息一下。（九）增加概括性的词语

7、 由于语言习惯上的差异，英汉两种语言使用概括性的词语的场合不尽相同。因此，有时英语原文中并无概括性的词语，但译成汉语时却需要增补“两人”、“双方”、“等”、“凡此种种”等等概括词，才能使译文更加符合汉语的修辞规范。(1)The Americans and the Russians have undergone series of secret consultations.美俄双方已经进行了一系列秘密磋商。(2)His diligence,earnestness,carefulness and brilliance make him praised by all.他勤勉、踏实、细心、才华过人，凡

8、此种种都使他受到众人的赞扬。练习题练习题 一、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据句法需要适当增加原文一、将下列句子译成汉语，并根据句法需要适当增加原文中省略的词。中省略的词。(1)But is it worth the risks?Maybe.(1)But is it worth the risks?Maybe.(2)“Did you know anything about it?”“Not until you told me.”(2)“Did you know anything about it?”“Not until you told me.”(3)Some motions appear to b

9、e very simple;other very(3)Some motions appear to be very simple;other very plicated.(4)It is more expensive than it was last time but not as good.(4)It is more expensive than it was last time but not as good.(5)They argue that if they do not develop laser weapons,(5)They argue that if they do not d

10、evelop laser weapons,someone else will.someone else will.(6)I hope that the meeting will not be too long,for it will only(6)I hope that the meeting will not be too long,for it will only waste time.waste time.(7)You had better give a performance if your friends ask you to.(7)You had better give a per

11、formance if your friends ask you to.(1)Being leaders,you have to overcome your pessimism and(1)Being leaders,you have to overcome your pessimism and pluck up your courage to face the difficulties.pluck up your courage to face the difficulties.(2)Not to educate a child is to condemn him to repetition

12、 of(2)Not to educate a child is to condemn him to repetition of ignorance.ignorance.(3)The development of Chinese industry remains one of the(3)The development of Chinese industry remains one of the priorities of the government.priorities of the government.(4)Testing is a complicated problem and lon

13、g experience is(4)Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.required for its mastery.但是否值得冒此风险呢？也许是值得的。“这事以前你知道吗？”“你说以前我不知道。”有些运动看起来很简单，有些运动则看起来很复杂。价钱比上次高，但质量却比上次差。他们振振有词地说，如果他们不研制激光武器，其他人也会研制的。我希望这次会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。如果你的朋友要求你表演一个节目，你最好表演一个。最为领导者，你们必须克服悲观情绪，鼓起勇气，面对困难。如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话，那就要使儿童沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。发展中国的工业仍然是政府的首要任务之一。进行测试是一个复杂的问题，需要有长期的经验才能掌握。