非谓语动词 (2)

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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词(一一)作主语、表语、宾语的用法作主语、表语、宾语的用法Nonfinite Verbs非谓语动词动词动词ing(doing)现在分词现在分词动名词动名词过去分词过去分词(done)动词不定式动词不定式(to do)概述：概述：一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中，当中，当中，当中，已经存在一个谓语动词已经存在一个谓语动词已经存在一个谓语动词已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词又没有连词又没有连词又没有连词的情的情的情的情况下况下况下况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件His father died,

2、leaving him an orphan.His father died,and left him an orphan.非谓语动词非谓语动词的句法功能(在句中充当何在句中充当何种成分种成分)：非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语定语、状语、宾语(主语）补足语等主语）补足语等.时态主动语态被动语态含义一般式与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式无不定式的一个动作正在进行完成式不定式的动作先于谓语动词之前发生非谓语动词的时态和语态：（一）不定式的时态和语态：Im very glad to see you.He pretended to be

3、 reading when his mother came in.The book is said to have been translated into several languages.to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done时态主动语态被动语态含义一般式与与谓语动词谓语动词的的动动作同作同时发时发生或几乎同生或几乎同时发时发生生完成式动词动词ing的的动动作先于作先于谓谓语语之前之前发发生生They entered the cinema,talking and laughing.Having lived in th

4、is city for 3 years,she knew it quite well.He doesnt mind having been punished.（二）动词（二）动词ing的时态和语态：的时态和语态：doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done（三）过去分词无时态、语态的变化。及物动词的过去分词既表示被动，又表示完成的意义。不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义。When they got to the station,they found the train gone.Brought up in the countryside,he was

5、interested in biology.非谓语动词的否定式是在其整体前直接加notHaving completed the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.He told me to be late for school.His going home at night made his mother very worried.Not havingnot tonot going规则点拨1.动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。动名词作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。_(sing)is my ho

6、bby,and_(sing)on my friends birthday partyis my dream.考点一：作主语考点一：作主语Singingto sing2.不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在 句尾。To help the poor is our duty.=Its our duty to help the poor.常用句型：常用句型：Its kind/nice/silly/careless.of sb.to do sth.(表示人的品质）Its necessary/possible/easy.for sb.to do sth.(表示事物的性质）It was co

7、nsiderate _ you not to play the piano while I was asleep.Its important _us to study hard.offor3.动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常用句型常用句型:Its no use/no good/fun/pleasure doing sth It s useful/nice/useless/worth doing sth 4.非谓语动词的一致性：Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.眼见为实：做动词题的解题步骤：做动词题的解题步骤：Step 1

8、判断是谓语还是非谓语；判断是谓语还是非谓语；Step 2 判断主动还是被动；判断主动还是被动；Step3 判断时态及形式。判断时态及形式。对点演练对点演练单句语法填空_(Leave)the less important things until tommorrow is often acceptable.(2016 全国卷）It is very hard _(break)a code without the code book.(2016 全国卷）Its no use_ (complain)without taking any action.(上海)_(educate)in a well-kn

9、own university is what everybody wishes for.Leaving to breakcomplainingBeing educated规则点拨1.动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的动作。有时可以互换。e.g.My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.2.不定式作表语表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义。e.g.My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.考点二：作表语考点二：作表语3.分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以 作为形容词。说明主语的性质。puzzlin

10、g,surprising,exciting,interesting,frightening令人.的(事物)puzzled,surprised,excited,interested,frightened(人)感到的(除了描述人的心理活动外，还可用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，look,voice,smile,expression,face）e.g.The report was so inspiring that they were all excited.4.高考常考的一个结构:remain seated单句语法填空Another way to hide a message is _(use)sym

11、bols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.(2016 全国卷）Please remain _(seat);the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(辽宁)单句改错In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,which is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全国卷）对点演练对点演练seatedinterestedto use 考点三

12、：作宾语考点三：作宾语动词不定式和动名词在句中作及物动词或介词后的宾语一.动词不定式作宾语1.有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。refuse,expect,wish,hope,promise,decide,offer,pretend，learn,want,ask,agree,choose,plan,manage,afford,happen（碰巧）等I couldnt afford to buy such an expensive car.2.动词+疑问词(how,what,whether,who.)+不定式tell,teach,learn,decide,show,know,understand,se

13、eI was wondering where to spend my weekend.二.动名词(v-ing)作宾语。1.有些动词只能用动名词(v-ing)作宾语。consider,advise,suggest,keep,allow,permit,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,deny,imagine,appreciate,escape,bear,delay,include,involve,miss,practice,resist,risk,stand,mention,cant help等We appreciate your calling ba

14、ck early in the afternoon.注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。We dont allow smoking in the hall.We dont allow people to smoke in the hall.2.作介词的宾语keep on,insist on,put off,feel like,dream of,give up prevent(from),keepfrom,be engaged in,spend.(in),succeed in,have so

15、me difficulty/trouble in.You cant imagine what difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.注：注：to是介是介词词的短的短语语，如be/get used to,be accustomed to(习惯于),contribute to,devote oneself to/be devoted to,get down to,look forward to,object to,stick to,see to,lead to,pay attention to等。3.need/require/want do

16、ing=need/require/want to be done “.需要被.The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned.4.be worth doing“.值得被.”The book is worth reading a second time.三.有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思基本相同:如：begin,start,like,love,hate,continue,prefer等。四.有些动词后能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。但意义差别较大：1.to do记住要做某事 2.to do忘记要做某事 d

17、oing记住做过某事 doing忘记做过某事3.to do 遗憾地将做 4.to do 停下来去做另一件事 doing 后悔做过 doing 停止做某事 5.to do不能帮忙做某事 6.to do 努力 做某事 doing 禁不住做某事 doing试着做7.to do打算做某事 8.to do 接着做另一件事 doing意味着做某事 doing继续做同一件事 rememberforget regret stop cant help trymeango on 1.-Robert is indeed a wise man.-Oh,yes.How often I have regretted no

18、t taking his advice!(安徽）2.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried living alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.(湖南）五.介词but,except,besides后，通常接不定式作宾语。前有（行为动词）do，不带to；前没do，要带to。I had no choice but to wait.I could do nothing but wait.What do you like to do besides swim?对点演练对点演

19、练 单句语法填空1.My ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全国卷）2.If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely _(bring)your work home.(2016全国卷

20、）3.Fast food is full of fat and salt;by_(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷)introducing to bringeating 4.This included digging up the road,_(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017全国卷）5.But Sarah,who has taken part in s

21、hows along with top models,wants _(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国卷）6.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term_(rest).(2017全国卷）layingto proverestingI would appreciate it if you could tell me more information about the activity.Im looking forward t

22、o _(receive)your earliest reply.(2015重庆）He looked forward to _(see)who was making a loud noise in the crowd.The day that he had been looking forward to _(come)at last.辨析：辨析：receivingseecame改错1.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found his parents were missing.(2015全国卷）2.We can

23、choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国卷）3.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国卷）lookingtakingwearing_范文赏读（2017全国卷）Dear Henry,I am writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition to be held in the art gallery from 8:00 am to 5:00pm n

24、ext Sunday in our city center.Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China,which has a history of more than 1,500 years.People often beautify their home with paper-cutting during festivals and weddings.In this exhibition,you can see paper-cutting with all kinds of patterns.In addition,there are

25、famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua_范文赏读1.You can write anything relevant so long as its_(interest)and informative.(2015全国卷）2.Well a

26、lso spend some fun time together singing,_(dance)and_(play)games,which we hope will make them happy.(2015全国卷）3.So I have no choice but _(bother)you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.(2016全国卷）interestingdancingplayingto bother 4.Moreover,by _(do)the part-time job I can get

27、 some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.(2016全国卷）5.Any student who is_(interest)is welcome to participate.(2016全国卷）6.I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted_(do)something for environmental protection.(2016全国卷）doinginterestedto do 7

28、.Hope_(hear)from you soon.(2016全国卷）8._(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.（2015 安徽)9.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on _(thank)all the people who had helped in her career.(2015陕西卷）to hear Ignoringto thank 能力突破：1.题干中寻找关键词，确定考查不定式还是 动词ing作主语、表语或宾语。2.区分主动和被动。3.注意一些特殊结构。