司各特菲茨杰拉德课件

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1、F.Scott Fitzgerald&The Great GatsbyEarly BiographySept 24,1896:Francis Scott Sept 24,1896:Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald born in St.Key Fitzgerald born in St.Paul,MNPaul,MNHis parents were Mary His parents were Mary McQuillanMcQuillan,the daughter of,the daughter of Irish immigrants,and Edward Irish i

2、mmigrants,and Edward Fitzgerald,a salesman.Both Fitzgerald,a salesman.Both were Catholic.were Catholic.Attended the St.Paul Attended the St.Paul Academy,then the Newman Academy,then the Newman School,a Catholic prep School,a Catholic prep school in New Jersey.school in New Jersey.Scott&Zelda Fitzger

3、aldOn academic probation,On academic probation,Fitzgerald joined the army Fitzgerald joined the army as a 2nd lieutenant in 1917.as a 2nd lieutenant in 1917.June 1918:While on June 1918:While on assignment in Montgomery,assignment in Montgomery,AL,he fell in love with AL,he fell in love with Zelda S

4、ayre,daughter of Zelda Sayre,daughter of an Alabama Supreme an Alabama Supreme Court judge.Court judge.She broke off their She broke off their engagement in 1919 engagement in 1919 because she was unwilling because she was unwilling to live on Scotts small to live on Scotts small salary.salary.Liter

5、ary Career BeginningsJune 1919:June 1919:Fitzgerald Fitzgerald returns to St.Paul,MN to returns to St.Paul,MN to rewrite his novel,rewrite his novel,This This Side of ParadiseSide of Paradise.In the fall of that year,he In the fall of that year,he begins writing stories in begins writing stories in

6、mass-circulation mass-circulation magazines.magazines.He wrote many stories for He wrote many stories for the the Saturday Evening Saturday Evening Post Post describing the free-describing the free-thinking flappers of the thinking flappers of the 1920s.1920s.Overnight FameMarch 26,1920:March 26,192

7、0:This This Side of ParadiseSide of Paradise is is published,making the published,making the 24 year-old Fitzgerald 24 year-old Fitzgerald famous almost famous almost overnight.overnight.One week later,he One week later,he marries Zelda Sayre marries Zelda Sayre in New York.in New York.the first nov

8、el:this side of paradise(1920).This novel concerns the world of youth,excited tough somewhat cynical,and the parties and love affairs of the rich and the would-be-rich.The author sensed the romantic yearnings of the Jazz Age.It was an immediate success.It was the first American novel of the 1920s de

9、picting the casual dissipations of“flaming youth”,“the Jazz Age”,and“Dollar Decade”.The author became rich and married his lover a week later.主人公阿莫瑞在一定程主人公阿莫瑞在一定程主人公阿莫瑞在一定程主人公阿莫瑞在一定程度上是作者自己的写照。阿莫瑞娇生惯养，多情善感，充满幻度上是作者自己的写照。阿莫瑞娇生惯养，多情善感，充满幻度上是作者自己的写照。阿莫瑞娇生惯养，多情善感，充满幻度上是作者自己的写照。阿莫瑞娇生惯养，多情善感，充满幻想。他想出人头地，娶

10、最漂亮的姑娘，爬到社会的顶峰，做个想。他想出人头地，娶最漂亮的姑娘，爬到社会的顶峰，做个想。他想出人头地，娶最漂亮的姑娘，爬到社会的顶峰，做个想。他想出人头地，娶最漂亮的姑娘，爬到社会的顶峰，做个大人物。结果，家庭经济破产，最漂亮的姑娘不要他。大人物。结果，家庭经济破产，最漂亮的姑娘不要他。大人物。结果，家庭经济破产，最漂亮的姑娘不要他。大人物。结果，家庭经济破产，最漂亮的姑娘不要他。Extravagant LivingScott&Zelda begin to Scott&Zelda begin to live as young live as young celebrities,social

11、izing celebrities,socializing and drinking heavily.and drinking heavily.They take their first They take their first trip to Europe in 1921.trip to Europe in 1921.October 1921:Their October 1921:Their first and only child,first and only child,Frances Scott Frances Scott(Scottie)Fitzgerald is(Scottie)

12、Fitzgerald is born.born.Early StumblingsFall,1922:The young family Fall,1922:The young family moves to Great Neck,NY,moves to Great Neck,NY,expecting to earn a lot of expecting to earn a lot of money from Scotts play,money from Scotts play,The The VegetableVegetable.1923:The play bombs,and 1923:The

13、play bombs,and Scott has to write short Scott has to write short stories to get out of debt.stories to get out of debt.Scotts drinking increases.Scotts drinking increases.He and Zelda fight often.He and Zelda fight often.Gatsby is BornSpring 1924:The Spring 1924:The Fitzgeralds Fitzgeralds go to Fra

14、nce.go to France.Summer 1924:Scott starts Summer 1924:Scott starts writing writing The GreatThe Great GatsbyGatsby.Zelda has a relationship Zelda has a relationship with a French pilot.with a French pilot.Winter 1924-25:The Winter 1924-25:The Fitzgeralds Fitzgeralds go to Rome go to Rome where Scott

15、 revises where Scott revises GatsbyGatsby.April 1925.April 1925.GatsbyGatsby is is published.Critical reviews published.Critical reviews are positive,but sales are positive,but sales remain low.remain low.Fitzgerald and the ExpatriatesDuring the mid 1920s During the mid 1920s in Paris,Fitzgerald in

16、Paris,Fitzgerald becomes part of the becomes part of the group of expatriate group of expatriate American writers American writers which included Ernest which included Ernest Hemingway,Gertrude Hemingway,Gertrude Stein,and Ezra Stein,and Ezra Pound.Pound.Further EstrangementDuring the 1920s,Scott Du

17、ring the 1920s,Scott and Zeldas relationship and Zeldas relationship continues to be strained continues to be strained due to his drinking and due to his drinking and her mental instability.her mental instability.They live in Paris,the They live in Paris,the Riviera,and a mansion Riviera,and a mansi

18、on near Wilmington,DE.near Wilmington,DE.Even though Fitzgerald Even though Fitzgerald earns about$4,000 per earns about$4,000 per story(equal to about story(equal to about$40,000 today),he and$40,000 today),he and Zelda continue to run into Zelda continue to run into debt.debt.1930sThe The Fitzgera

19、lds Fitzgeralds rent a rent a house in Montgomery,AL house in Montgomery,AL in 1931.Scott makes an in 1931.Scott makes an unsuccessful trip to unsuccessful trip to Hollywood;Zelda suffers Hollywood;Zelda suffers a mental breakdown in a mental breakdown in 1932 and is hospitalized.1932 and is hospita

20、lized.1936-37:Scott drinks,1936-37:Scott drinks,gets into more debt,and gets into more debt,and lives in hotels near lives in hotels near Asheville,NC.Zelda Asheville,NC.Zelda enters a nearby hospital.enters a nearby hospital.The Last YearsSummer 1937:Fitzgerald Summer 1937:Fitzgerald goes to Hollyw

21、ood with a goes to Hollywood with a screenwriting contract screenwriting contract earning$1,000/week.earning$1,000/week.Despite earning$91,000 Despite earning$91,000 from MGM,he is unable from MGM,he is unable to save any money.to save any money.1938:He falls in love 1938:He falls in love with with

22、Sheilah Sheilah Graham,a Graham,a movie columnist.movie columnist.Dec 21,1940:Fitzgerald Dec 21,1940:Fitzgerald dies of a heart attack in dies of a heart attack in Grahams apartment.Grahams apartment.1948:Zelda dies in a fire 1948:Zelda dies in a fire at Highland Hospital.at Highland Hospital.Fitzge

23、ralds LegacyAlthough Fitzgeralds drinking gave him a reputation as Although Fitzgeralds drinking gave him a reputation as an irresponsible writer,he was a painstaking reviser.an irresponsible writer,he was a painstaking reviser.While he endured a lot of criticism just after his death,While he endure

24、d a lot of criticism just after his death,his reputation grew in the 1960s.his reputation grew in the 1960s.Today,he is considered one of the great American Today,he is considered one of the great American novelists,and novelists,and The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby is considered his is considered h

25、is masterpiece.masterpiece.Enduring AssociationsFitzgerald has become Fitzgerald has become identified with the identified with the extravagant living of the extravagant living of the Jazz Age:Jazz Age:“It was an age of“It was an age of miracles,it was an miracles,it was an age of art,it was an age

26、age of art,it was an age of excess,and it was an of excess,and it was an age of satire.”age of satire.”-F.Scott Fitzgerald -F.Scott FitzgeraldHe felt that aspiration and He felt that aspiration and idealism defined America idealism defined America and its people.and its people.His writing style is k

27、nown His writing style is known for being clear,lyrical,for being clear,lyrical,and witty.and witty.Characters of The Great GatsbyJay Gatsby-The self-made wealthy man who lives next door to Nick Carraway and loves Daisy BuchananCharacters of The Great GatsbyNick Carraway-the narrator,Daisys cousin,G

28、atsbys neighborCharacters in The Great GatsbyDaisy Buchanan-married to Tom,Gatsbys love interest before the war,socialiteCharacters in The Great GatsbyTom Buchanan-Daisys husband,has an affair with MyrtleMyrtle Wilson-Toms woman in the city,married to GeorgeGeorge Wilson-owns the gas station,kills G

29、atsbyJordan Baker-Daisys friend,professional golfer Basic Plot of The Great GatsbyNick moves from the midwest to New York City in order to pursue a career in bondsNick begins a friendship with his cousin,DaisyNick befriends his neighbor,Jay GatsbyBasic Plot of The Great GatsbyNick reunites Daisy wit

30、h her former love,GatsbyDaisys husband,Tom,discovers his wifes affairA trip into the City results in the death of Toms lover,Myrtle,when she ran out in front of a car Daisy was drivingPlot of The Great GatsbyTom tells Myrtles distraught husband,George,that Gatsby killed MyrtleGeorge kills GatsbyNo o

31、ne but Nick comes to Gatsbys funeralTom and Daisy leave townImportant Quotes“I hope shell be a fool-thats the best thing a girl can be in this world,a beautiful little fool.”Daisys description of her daughter“So we beat on,boats against the current,borne back ceaselessly into the past.”the last line

32、 of the novelThe Great Gastby deals symbolically with the frustration and despair resulting from the failure of the American dream.It is a story of an idealist who tries to recapture his lost love but in vain and is finally destroyed by the influence of the wealthy people around him.Important Quotes

33、They were careless people,Tom and Daisy-they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together,and let other people clean up the mess they had made.Nicks description of Tom and DaisyTheThe American Dream and

34、 American Dream and The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby:The American Dream is the idea held by many in the The American Dream is the idea held by many in the United States of America that through hard work,courage,United States of America that through hard work,courage,and determination one can achieve

35、 financial and personal and determination one can achieve financial and personal success.These were values held by many early European success.These were values held by many early European settlers,and have been passed down to subsequent settlers,and have been passed down to subsequent generations.g

36、enerations.What the American dream has become is a question What the American dream has become is a question under constant discussion,and some believe that it has under constant discussion,and some believe that it has led to an emphasis on material wealth as a measure of led to an emphasis on mater

37、ial wealth as a measure of success and/or happiness.success and/or happiness.The American dream is a concept that permeates our The American dream is a concept that permeates our culture and unifies us all as Americans despite our racial,culture and unifies us all as Americans despite our racial,rel

38、igious,and socio-economic diversity.This dream also religious,and socio-economic diversity.This dream also serves to connect us to our nations historical past as well serves to connect us to our nations historical past as well as to the generations of the future.as to the generations of the future.O

39、rigins of the American Origins of the American Dream:Dream:European explorers and the PuritansDoctrine European explorers and the PuritansDoctrine of Election and Predestinationof Election and PredestinationThe Declaration of Independencelife,liberty,The Declaration of Independencelife,liberty,and t

40、he pursuit of happinessand the pursuit of happinessAmerican Revolutionary Warpromise of land American Revolutionary Warpromise of land ownership and investmentownership and investmentIndustrial Revolutionpossibility of anyone Industrial Revolutionpossibility of anyone achieving wealth&the nouveau ri

41、cheachieving wealth&the nouveau richeIndividualism and self-relianceIndividualism and self-relianceWestward expansion and the Gold RushWestward expansion and the Gold RushImmigrationImmigrationWhilst Whilst The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby explores a explores a number of themes,none is more prevalen

42、t number of themes,none is more prevalent than that of the corruption of the American than that of the corruption of the American dream.dream.Gatsby appears to be the embodiment of Gatsby appears to be the embodiment of this dream he has risen from being a this dream he has risen from being a poor f

43、arm boy with no prospects,to being poor farm boy with no prospects,to being rich,having a big house,servants,and a rich,having a big house,servants,and a large social circle attending his numerous large social circle attending his numerous functions.He has achieved all this in only a functions.He ha

44、s achieved all this in only a few short years,having returned from the few short years,having returned from the war penniless.war penniless.However,Gatsby is never truly one of the However,Gatsby is never truly one of the elite his dream is just a faade.elite his dream is just a faade.However,Fitzge

45、rald explores much more than the failure However,Fitzgerald explores much more than the failure of the American dream he is more deeply concerned of the American dream he is more deeply concerned with its total corruption.Gatsby has not achieved his with its total corruption.Gatsby has not achieved

46、his wealth through honest hard work,but through wealth through honest hard work,but through bootlegging and crime.His money is not simply new bootlegging and crime.His money is not simply new money it is dirty money,earned through dishonesty money it is dirty money,earned through dishonesty and crim

47、e.His wealthy lifestyle is little more than a and crime.His wealthy lifestyle is little more than a faade,as is the whole person Jay Gatsby.faade,as is the whole person Jay Gatsby.The society in which the novel takes place is one of The society in which the novel takes place is one of moral decadenc

48、e.Whether their money is inherited or moral decadence.Whether their money is inherited or earned,its inhabitant are morally decadent,living life in earned,its inhabitant are morally decadent,living life in quest of cheap thrills and with no seeming moral quest of cheap thrills and with no seeming mo

49、ral purpose to their lives.Any person who attempts to move purpose to their lives.Any person who attempts to move up through the social classes becomes corrupt in the up through the social classes becomes corrupt in the process.process.Conclusion 如果说海明威从厌战出发，进而否定美国中产阶级传统的精神价值观念，那么，菲兹杰拉德则体现了年轻的一代对于“美

50、国梦”的幻灭。Fitzgeralds fiction reveals the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unending American dreams of love,splendor and gratified desires and shows what America meant in terms of the reckless 1920s:Prohibition,speakeasies,new cars,victory abroad,popular fads,and new wealth.His mast

51、erpiece reflects the authors recognition that ones desire for happiness does not insure ones being so and that pursuit of pleasant may only cover a lot of pain.This novel reveals the falseness of ideals and moves toward disillusion.Fitzgerald was a realist in an old fashion.All his stories are abut morality,industry,and maturity.Therefore,his stories can be regarded as moral fables.He was interested in peoples dreams and failures.He showed more interest in subject matter than in structure.His writing style is simple,vivid,graceful,precise and polished.