qualityandquantityofcommodity解读

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1、quality-and-quantity-quality-and-quantity-ofcommodityofcommodity解读解读The Contents of Chapter 33.1 Name of Commodity3.2 Quality of Goods 3.3 Quality Clause in the Contract3.4 Quantity of Goods 3.5 Quantity Clause in the Contract3,commodity,goods,merchandise,article,ware,item,productName of CommoditySh

2、irt,skirtName of Commodity Item No.Description of goodsQty.Unit priceAmountMEN T-SHIRTCOLOR:REDS,M,L,XLSILK Points for attention when drawing up the clause Be clear and specific Be practical and realistic Try to adopt a name of commodity which is widely accepted internationally Select appropriate na

3、mes of commodities to facilitate importing and reduce customs duties and freight charges案例我方出口苹果酒一批，国外开我方出口苹果酒一批，国外开来信用证上的货物的名称为来信用证上的货物的名称为“AppleWine”,于是为了单于是为了单证一致，所有单据均用了证一致，所有单据均用了“AppleWine”，不了货到，不了货到国外后遭海关扣留罚款，因国外后遭海关扣留罚款，因该批酒的内外包装上均写的该批酒的内外包装上均写的是是“Cider”字样，结果外商字样，结果外商要求我方赔偿其罚款损失要求我方赔偿其罚款损失-问

4、我方对此有无责任？问我方对此有无责任？Quality of Goods The intrinsic attributes(e.g.the chemical composition,mechanical performance,biological features,and the like and the outer form or shape of the goods(e.g.the modeling,structure,color,and luster of the goods.)What is qualityQuality of Commodity Quality is the most

5、 important factor in the sale of goods.According to UN Convention,the seller must deliver the goods as required by the contract.Otherwise,the buyer may claim damages,require delivery of substitute goods,or require the seller to remedy,or even reject the goods and cancel the contract.Case Study A Chi

6、nese exporter signed a sales contract with a European company to export five metric tons of Chinese dates.Both the contract and the L/C specified that the dates were of Grade 3.When preparing goods for shipment,the seller found that Grade 3 Chinese dates were out of stock.In order to make delivery i

7、n time,the seller shipped the Grade 2 Chinese dates to the buyer and indicated in the commercial invoice that the Grade 2 Chinese dates are priced as per Grade 3.Do you think it is reasonable for the exporter to do so?What kind of risk is there for the seller?Methods Expressing Quality of GoodsModeo

8、fTransaction MethodExpressingQuality Salebyactualquality Sale by inspection Inspect the seen goods Sale by sample Sale by sellers sample Sellers sample Sale by buyers sample Buyers sample Salebydescription Sale by specification,grade or standard Specification,grade or standard Sale by brand name/tra

9、de mark Brand name/trade mark Sale by description Instructions,drawings,etc.Sale by name of origin Name/place of origin Sale by inspection Sale by inspection is concluded with the spot inspection by the buyers or their agents and the quality is determined thereof.This method is of special necessity

10、for particular goods such as ornaments,jewels,paintings,artworks,etc.SalebysampleA sample is a small quantity of a product,often taken out from a whole lot or specially designed and processed.It is usually given to encourage prospective customers to buy the product or set aside as the quality standa

11、rd of the whole consignment.Sale by SampleBy Sellers SampleBy Buyers Samplerepresentative sample(代表性样品代表性样品)original sample(原样原样)/type sample(标准样品标准样品)keep sample(留样留样)/duplicate sample(复样复样)return sample(回样回样)/counter sample(对等样品对等样品)color sample(色彩样品色彩样品)pattern sample(款式样品款式样品)1324sealed sample(封

12、样封样)5 reference sample(参考样品参考样品)16CM CHRISTMAS BEAR WITH CAPS AND SCARF DETAILED AS PER THE SAMPLES DISPATCHED BY THE SELLER ON 20 AUG.2000 The sample the basis of quality on which delivery is made in the execution of the contract Samples of such goods as timber,coal,some mineral products,and natura

13、l products cannot really represent the exact quality of goods to be delivered.What should we do for this reason？Theclauseofqualityexpressedthroughthemethodofsalesbysample:Quality to be about equal to the sample Quality to be similar to the sample SalesbySpecification,GradeorStandardSpecification-inc

14、ludes composition,content,purity,strength,size,etc.of the goods.ExamplesSales by grade皮蛋按重量、大小分为奎、排、特、顶、大五级，其中奎为每千只重量大于75公斤，每减少5公斤就减一级。Sales by standard产品型号：1#净含量：0.4g，按英国药典B.P.1993有关农副产品常用的两种标准F.A.Q(Fair Average Quality,良好平均品质)指一定时期内某地出口商品的平均品质，即平均中等品质，俗称“大路货”。G.M.Q.(Good Merchantable Quality,上好可销品

15、质）指卖方所交付的货物：品质上好，合乎商销。SalesbyBrandorTrademarkGoods of the same brand or trademark are of the same quality.SalesbynameoforiginThe name of origin signifies the quality of a product.Example:Longjing Green TeaSalesbyDescription,DrawingorDiagramMachines,apparatuses instruments and complete sets of equipm

16、ent are apt to sell by description,drawing or diagram.relevant technical manuals,booklets of directions,drawings or diagrams will serve the purpose.表示商品品质的方法表示商品品质的方法布匹布匹样品样品大豆大豆医药医药标准标准规格规格茶叶茶叶日用化妆品日用化妆品电器电器榨菜榨菜等级等级说明书说明书品牌品牌产地产地我我方方某某公公司司与与德德国国一一公公司司签签订订出出口口某某商商品品的的合合同同，数数量量100长长吨吨，单单价价每每长长吨吨CIF不不

17、来来梅梅80英英镑镑，品品质质：水水分分最最高高15%，杂杂质质不不超超过过3%，交交货货品品质质以中国商检局检验证书为最后依据。以中国商检局检验证书为最后依据。但但是是在在成成交交前前我我方方为为表表诚诚意意，向向对对方方寄寄送送了了样样品品，合合同同签签订订后后又又电电告告对对方方，确确认认成成交交货货物物与与样样品品相似。相似。货货物物运运抵抵德德国国后后，对对方方发发现现虽虽有有商商检检局局的的合合格格证证书书，但但货货物物的的品品质质却却比比样样品品低低，并并出出具具了了德德国国某某检检验验机机构构证证明明货货物物品品质质比比样样品品低低7%的的检检验验证证书书，因因此此要要求求每每

18、长长吨吨减减价价6英英镑镑。但但我我方方公公司司认认为为合合同同是凭规格成交，并未规定凭样品成交，不同意减价。是凭规格成交，并未规定凭样品成交，不同意减价。最后提请仲裁。最后提请仲裁。分析以下合同中商品的品质各用了什么规分析以下合同中商品的品质各用了什么规定方法？定方法？1.美加净牙膏美加净牙膏2.中国绿茶特珍一级中国绿茶特珍一级3.巴西大豆巴西大豆F.A.Q.1999年新产年新产4.素面缎素面缎门幅门幅长度长度重量重量成分成分55英寸英寸38/42码码16.5姆米姆米100%真丝真丝5.样品号样品号WSP99010玩具电动狗玩具电动狗尺码尺码15英寸英寸6.柠檬酸钠柠檬酸钠(1)符合符合19

19、80年英国药典标准年英国药典标准(2)纯度不低于纯度不低于99%7.文件柜中国枥木和枥木三夹板面文件柜中国枥木和枥木三夹板面黄铜拉手黄铜拉手两个抽屉两个抽屉规格规格16”Wx17”Dx28”H图样付后图样付后(略略)8.母黄狼整只皮裙母黄狼整只皮裙24英寸，一级品英寸，一级品 3.3 Quality Clause in the Contract1)Basic contentsSpecific stipulations for name,specification,grade,standard,brand/trade mark.2)Threewaysinstatingtoqualitylatit

20、ude 1.Flexible Range,e.g.Plank(thickness)3”-5”2.Maximum&Minimum,e.g.:Chinese Groundnut 2007 Crop,FAQ Moisture(max.)13%Admixture(max.5%Oil content(min.)44%3.Allowed Deviations,e.g.:Northeast China Soybeans Moisture 14%-1%Oil content 18%+1%Admixture 1%-0.5 Broken grains 7%-1%订立品质条款应注意的问题应根据不同的商品特点，确定表

21、示品质的方法应根据不同的商品特点，确定表示品质的方法对于凭规格、等级等方式成交的买卖，在洽谈对于凭规格、等级等方式成交的买卖，在洽谈中又寄了样品，应申明是参考样品中又寄了样品，应申明是参考样品凡能采用品质机动幅度或品质公差（凡能采用品质机动幅度或品质公差（QualityTolerance）的商品应规定清楚幅度的上下限）的商品应规定清楚幅度的上下限或公差的允许值。或公差的允许值。对于商品的品质应力求做到具体、明确、详细。对于商品的品质应力求做到具体、明确、详细。3.4 Quantity of Goods 加拿大有一架飞机的燃油耗尽，加拿大有一架飞机的燃油耗尽，加拿大有一架飞机的燃油耗尽，仅仅是因

22、为飞行员错把升当成了加仅仅是因为飞行员错把升当成了加仅仅是因为飞行员错把升当成了加仑！仑！仑！机上乘客非常幸运，机长是机上乘客非常幸运，机长是机上乘客非常幸运，机长是一个非常优秀的滑翔机飞行员，这一个非常优秀的滑翔机飞行员，这一个非常优秀的滑翔机飞行员，这一点要比他使用单位时强的多。一点要比他使用单位时强的多。一点要比他使用单位时强的多。在没有燃油的情况下，飞机在一个在没有燃油的情况下，飞机在一个在没有燃油的情况下，飞机在一个紧急跑道上安全着陆。紧急跑道上安全着陆。紧急跑道上安全着陆。Quantity of CommodityQuantity of goods refers to the we

23、ight,number,length,volume,area,capacity,etc.which are indicated by different measuring units.Quantity of CommodityAccording to United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods,the quantity of goods delivered should be identical to that called for in the contract,otherwise the b

24、uyer is entitled to reject that portion of goods excessive in quantity,and to claim against the seller if the quantity is found to be less than that called for in the contract某贸易公司向外商出口一批水果罐某贸易公司向外商出口一批水果罐头，合同中规定每箱头，合同中规定每箱30听。但在交听。但在交货时，有的一箱装货时，有的一箱装30听，有的一箱听，有的一箱装装24听，虽然总数不差，而且每听听，虽然总数不差，而且每听容积一致，

25、对售价也没有影响，但容积一致，对售价也没有影响，但仍遭买方拒收，理由是与合同数量仍遭买方拒收，理由是与合同数量条款不符。条款不符。请问买方是否有理？请问买方是否有理？Case StudyCase Study Units of Measurement and Weights1)WeightsandMeasuresSystems1)WeightsandMeasuresSystems Metric SystemMetric System（公制）（公制）（公制）（公制）British System British System（英制）（英制）（英制）（英制）U.S.System U.S.System（

26、美制）（美制）（美制）（美制）International System of Units International System of Units(SI)(SI)（国际单位制（国际单位制（国际单位制（国际单位制)Under different weights and measures systems,the Under different weights and measures systems,the same unit represents different quantity,e.g.ton:same unit represents different quantity,e.g.ton

27、:度量衡度量衡重量单位重量单位公斤公斤市斤市斤磅磅MetricSystemmetricton100020002204.6BritishSystemlongton1016.047 2032.0942240AmericanSystemshortton907.21814.42000Units of measurementMeasurementUsedforthegoodsbelowCommonMeasurementUnits Weightgeneral natural products and some industrial finished products,such as wool,cotton

28、,grain,mineral products,etc.kilogram,gram,ton,metric ton,pound,ounce,long ton,short ton,etc.Lengthtextiles,metal cord,etc.meter,centimeter,foot,mile,yard,inch,etc.Numberconsumer goods,light industrial products,machinery products,native produce&animal by-products,etc.piece,pair,set,dozen,gross,ream,r

29、oll,unit,head,etc.case,carton,bundle,barrel,bag,bottle,etc.(used as package units)Area textiles,building materials,animal by-products,plastic products,etc.square meter,square inch,square foot,square yard,etc.Volume timber,natural gas,chemical gases,etc.cubic yard,cubic meter,cubic foot,cubic inch,et

30、c.Capacity liquid products,agricultural products,petroleum,etc.litre,pint,gallon,bushel,etc.TheCalculationoftheWeightoftheCommoditiesKGOZMTLTSTForexample:ThereisatransactionbetweenChineseexporterandBritishimporter.somedetailsasfollows:Chinesesoybean:2500metrictonspleaseconvertitintothelongton.1.毛重毛重

31、grossweight2.净重净重netweightgrossweight=netweight+tare(theweightofpackingmaterial)3.公量公量conditionedweight4.理理 论论 重重 量量 theoretical weight/LegalweightForexampleTianJinredsoybean,1000M/Tpackedinsinglenewgunnybag,100kgs/bag,grossfornet.NetnetweightConditionedweight The weight derived from the process wit

32、h which the moisture content of the commodity is removed and standardized moisture content added by scientific means.Conditioned weight is usually applicable to such goods as raw silk and wool,which are of high economic value and with unsteady moisture content.The formula of calculating conditioned

33、weight is given as follows:actual weight(1+standard regaining rate of water)1+actual regaining rate of waterConditioned weight Conditioned weight=a.By actual tare:the actualweight of package of the wholegoods.b.By average tare:by theaverage tare of a part of thepackages,gainedaaveragevalue;atlastcom

34、putingthewholetare.Ways to Calculate Tarec.By customary tare:the weight ofstandardizedpackagerecognizedweight.d.By computed tare:accounting tothetarepreviouslyagreeduponbytheseller and the buyer instead of actualweighting.Ways to Calculate Tare1,我出口日本驴肉每箱N/W16.6KGS,G/W20.00KGS PRICE USD2.00/KG FOBSH

35、ANGHAI,TOTAL 1500 CTNS,总额是多少？如果GROSS FOR NET,THE AMOUNT？2,内蒙古某出口公司向韩国出口10公吨羊毛，标准回潮率为11%，经抽样证明10公斤纯羊毛用科学方法抽干水后净重8公斤干羊毛，求用公量计算的交货重量为多少？1)BasicContentsoftheQuantityClause2)thequantitytobedelivered3)themeasurementtobeused.4)(Ifthegoodsaremeasuredbyweight,thewayofcalculatingtheweightshouldalsobeindicated

36、.)5)3.5 Quantity Clause in the Contract2)How to Stipulate the Quantity ClauseMoreorLessClauseThreeparts:thequantityofthedeal+themeasurementunit+amoreorlessclause.Example:Dehydrated Garlic Flakes,300 M/T with 5%more or less at sellers optionWhodecidesthemoreorlessquantity?Whodecidesthemoreorlessquant

37、ity?at sellers optionat sellers option（由卖方决定）（由卖方决定）（由卖方决定）（由卖方决定）at buyers option at buyers option（由买方决定）（由买方决定）（由买方决定）（由买方决定）at carriers/ships optionat carriers/ships option（由承运人决定（由承运人决定（由承运人决定（由承运人决定）Approximate Quantity to indicate the tolerance of the actual quantity to be delivered.In such a

38、clause,the words like“about”,“circa”and“approximately”are used to define the quantity of goods.Thewords“about”or“approximately”usedinconnectionwiththeamountofthecreditorthequantityortheunitpricestatedinthecreditaretobeconstruedasallowingatolerancenottoexceed10%moreor10%lessthantheamount,thequantityo

39、rtheunitpricetowhichtheyrefer.Atolerancenottoexceed5%moreor5%lessthanthequantityofthegoodsisallowed,providedthecreditdoesnotstatethequantityintermsofastipulatednumberofpackingunitsorindividualitemsandthetotalamountofthedrawingsdoesnotexceedtheamountofthecredit.UCP600,Article 30 案例 我某公司出口布匹以信用证结算，买方银行开来信用证金额为5000美元，数量大约为5000码，每码1美元，我某公司如何掌握装运数量？案例 黑龙江某贸易出口公司与俄罗斯某公司成交一笔黄豆出口交易。合同的数量条款规定：每袋黄豆净重100公斤，共1000袋，合计100吨，但货物运抵俄罗斯后，经俄罗斯海关检查，每袋黄豆净重只有96公斤，1000袋共96吨，当时正遇市场黄豆价格下跌，俄罗斯公司以单货不符为由，提出降价5%的要求，否则拒收。请问：俄方的要求是否合理？我方应采取什么补救措施？另问：若该例黄豆不是用袋装而是散装，则结果又如何？结束结束