重点语法归纳

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1、重点语法归纳重点语法归纳虚拟语气虚拟语气if 引导的虚拟条件句的用法如下：引导的虚拟条件句的用法如下：时间时间 if条件句的谓语形式条件句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在 Were 行为动词一般过去时行为动词一般过去时 Would(could,should,might)+动词原形动词原形)过去过去 过去完成时过去完成时 Would(could,should,might)+现在完成式现在完成式将来将来 were to+动词原形动词原形 Would(could,should,might)(should)+动词原形动词原形虚拟语气虚拟语气命令式虚拟语气可归纳如下命令式虚拟语气可归纳如

2、下1）wish 后宾语从句的虚拟语气后宾语从句的虚拟语气 William wishes now that he _ English instead of French when he was in high school.A.have studiedC.had studiedB.studiesD.studied答案是答案是C。Were 型虚拟型虚拟2）在）在 if only 感叹句中感叹句中If only I _ what you wanted!A.knewC.had knownB.knowD.have known答案是答案是C。Were 型虚拟型虚拟3）在）在as if/as though

3、从句中从句中She acts as if she _ the only person affected by the ruling.A.isC.would beB.wereD.will be答案是答案是B。Be 型虚拟型虚拟4）在）在 would rather(sooner)后的后的 that 从句中从句中Id rather you _ those important documents with you.A.dont takeC.wont take B.didnt takeD.not take答案是答案是B。Be 型虚拟型虚拟5）在在 suggest 等等动动词词及及其其相相应应名名词之后的

4、词之后的 that 从句中从句中 advise,agree,ask,command,decide,demand,desire,insist,maintain,move（提提议议）,order,propose,recommend,request,require,rule,suggest,urge,etc.Be 型虚拟型虚拟The doctor suggested that your brother _ his right hand.A.avoid to useC.avoid usingB.has avoided usingD.avoided to use答案是C。Be 型虚拟型虚拟常常见见的的相

5、相应应名名词词有有：advice,command,agreement,decision,demand,desire,motion,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,idea,order,plan,policy,wish,etc.Be 型虚拟型虚拟Our demand is that another experiment _.A.shall be madeC.must be madeB.will be madeD.be made 答案答案 DBe 型虚拟型虚拟6）在在It is/was+形形容容词词后后的的 that 从

6、句中从句中 这这 类类 形形 容容 词词 有有：important,advisable,appropriate,essential,necessary,strange,natural,ridiculous,possible,preferable,proper 等。等。Be 型虚拟型虚拟Its advisable that the Sport Meets _ owing to the bad weather.A.must be put offB.be put off C.could be put offD.ought to put off 命令式虚拟语气命令式虚拟语气7）用用 在在 以以 les

7、t,for fear that 和和 in case 所所引引导导的的目目的的状状语语从从句句中中，这这时时谓谓语语动动词词多多用用should 加动词原形构成。如：加动词原形构成。如：Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.带带上上雨雨伞吧，以防下雨。伞吧，以防下雨。特殊的虚拟语气特殊的虚拟语气在在 Its(high,about)time 后的后的 that 从句中从句中,谓语动词谓语动词一般用过去式一般用过去式。“Isnt it about time you _ to do some work?”A.begin C.should b

8、eganB.have begun D.began答案是答案是D。其他情况的虚拟语气其他情况的虚拟语气1）公式化的句子中的虚拟）公式化的句子中的虚拟语气：语气：用动词原形（不和用动词原形（不和主语保持人称、时态和数主语保持人称、时态和数的一致）或的一致）或“may+动词原动词原形形”（经常倒装）构成的谓（经常倒装）构成的谓语来体现。如：语来体现。如：公式化的句子公式化的句子God bless you!May you enjoy your holiday!Long live peace!Come what may,well go ahead with our plan.其他情况的虚拟语气其他情况的

9、虚拟语气2）错综时间非真实条件中）错综时间非真实条件中的虚拟语气：的虚拟语气：If we had set out earlier,we wouldnt be walking in the rain.其他情况的虚拟语气其他情况的虚拟语气3）在带有）在带有but for 引出的短引出的短语的句子中：语的句子中：We would have been in real trouble but for your help.其他情况的虚拟语气其他情况的虚拟语气4）在在带带有有but that从从句句的的句句子子中中:but that从从句句中中用用陈陈述述语气，主句中用虚拟语气。语气，主句中用虚拟语气。Bu

10、t that you helped him,he would have failed.(=if you hadnt helped him)其他情况的虚拟语气其他情况的虚拟语气5）With或或without 引引出出的的短短语语有有时时表表示示和和事事实实相相反反的的情情况况，此此时时句子中的动词要用虚拟语气。句子中的动词要用虚拟语气。We would never have got there without the guide.(=if we hadnt had the guide)其他情况的虚拟语气其他情况的虚拟语气6）在在otherwise 或或 or 引引出出的的分分句句中中，动动词词根

11、根据据情情况况可可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。如：用陈述语气或虚拟语气。如：6）在）在otherwise 或或 or 引出的分句中引出的分句中Hurry up,otherwise/or you will be late.I used a computer,otherwise/or it would have taken me much longer to finish the work.(otherwise/or=if I hadnt used a computer)其他情况的虚拟语气其他情况的虚拟语气7）在在假假设设情情况况由由上上下下文文或或其其他他方方式表现出来的句子中，如：式表现出来的句子中

12、，如：He would have given you more help,but he has been so busy.He would have done better under more favorable conditions.重点语法归纳重点语法归纳 非谓语动词：不定式，非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词动名词和分词 动词不定式动词不定式 有些动词只能用不定式作宾语：有些动词只能用不定式作宾语：afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,decide,demand,desire,expect,fail,fear,forget,hat

13、e,help,hesitate,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,offer,plan,prefer,refuse,remember,start,want,wish 等。等。动名词动名词有有些些动动词词只只能能用用动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，如如：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,postpone,practice,suggest,spend,quit,recall,resist 等。等。动名词动名词常常见见的的后后接接动动名名词词作作宾宾语语的的动动词词短短语语有有：app

14、rove of,count on,depend on,give up,insist on,keep on,succeed in,think about,put off,persist in,rely on,cant help,be used to,better off,feel like,leave off,look forward to,object to,turn to,adapt to,see to,get to,respond to 等。等。非谓语动词非谓语动词有有些些动动词词既既可可以以用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语，也也可可用用动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，但但表表达达的的意意义不同。如

15、：义不同。如：remember to do remember doing stop to do stop doingforget to do forget doing 重点语法归纳重点语法归纳倒装句倒装句1）否否定定意意义义的的词词位位于于句句首首引引起起的的倒装，如：倒装，如：barely,hardly,scarcely,seldom,never,nowhere,little 等。等。倒装句倒装句Little did I think a year ago that I could work for your company.Never before has our country been

16、so rapidly developing as it is today.倒装句倒装句2）否否定定意意义义的的短短语语位位于于句句首首于于引引起的倒装起的倒装at no time 从不，从来没有从不，从来没有by no means 决不，决不是决不，决不是in no case 决不决不in no way 决不决不倒装句倒装句in vain徒劳徒劳no longer不再，已不不再，已不no more不再，也不不再，也不not even then甚至连甚至连也不也不not for a moment从不从不not until直到直到才才on no account决不决不倒装句倒装句Under no

17、circumstances shall we discontinue the work weve begun.In no way can theory be separated from practice.倒装句倒装句3）一些短语性连词引起的倒装一些短语性连词引起的倒装not only but(also)不仅不仅而且而且no sooner thanhardly(scarcely)when一一就就倒装句倒装句Hardly had he said anything before he left.Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the d

18、oor awakened her.No sooner had Anne arrived there than he fell in.倒装句倒装句4）only+状状语语位位于于句句首首引引起起的的倒倒装，如：装，如：Only then did the doctor realize that his patient needed money.Only when you adjust down your price to some extent can we conclude the business.倒装句倒装句5）so,nor,neither 引引起起的的倒倒装装，如：如：Richard can

19、 speak Japanese.So can his sister.He didnt say anything.Nor(Neither)did his assistant.倒装句倒装句7）强强调调性性完完全全倒倒装装：如如 so,hence,nowhere,thus 等等副副词词位于句首以示强调时。位于句首以示强调时。Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.Then follows the fashion show.倒装句倒装句7）句子成分前提引起的倒装）句子成分前提引起的倒装为为强强调调句句子子中中的的某某一一成成分分（如如表表语语、宾宾语语或或状状语语

20、等等），常常将将该该成成分提前置于句首，造成倒装。如：分提前置于句首，造成倒装。如：The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.倒装句倒装句8）as引导的让步状语从引导的让步状语从句句Try as I might,I couldn lift the stone.倒装句倒装句9）省省略略连连词词 if 的的虚虚拟拟条条件件句句中中的倒装的倒装若若虚虚拟拟条条件件句句中中含含有有were或或had,should 等等助助动动词词或或情情态态动动词词时时，连连词词 if 可可被被省省略略。省省略略后后，主主句句不不变变，if从从句句的的主主谓谓要要颠颠倒倒，将将 were 之之类类的的词词提提至至句句首，形成倒装。首，形成倒装。倒装句倒装句Had they not been working so hard,they would not have achieved so much.