美国文学欣赏课件

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1、英美文学B8Hemingway:A Clean,Well-lighted Place20thcenturyAm.PoetsThestory:noplot,aloosesketch:anoldmanleavesacaflateatnight,twowaiterstalkwhileclosingup,onewaiterstopsforacupofcoffeeonthewayhomeanddoesnotsleepuntilmorning.Oncloserexamination,thestoryprovestobeheavilysymbolic.AsoneofHemingwaysmostcompact

2、stories,itpresentstwocontrastingattitudestolife.Beginning:thescene,theclimate:acooleveninginahotdustySpanishcity;anoldman,alone,ontheoutdoorterraceofarestaurantisapartofthelandscape.Twowaitersdiscusstheoldmansattemptedsuicide.Nothing:keyword,totheyoungwaiter,theoldmanhadnoreasontokillhimselfbecauseh

3、ewasnotpoor.Povertywouldbetheonlyexcuseforsuicide.Hemingwaygivesthewordadeepermeaning:nohope,nocloselovingfriend,notruthormeaninginlife,wastheexactreasonfortheoldmanssuicide.Contrast:light-darkorder-chaosbeing(existence)-nothingnesse.g.Agirlandasoldierunderabrightstreetlight-thesolitudeoftheoldmandr

4、inkingaloneintheshadowsTheyoungwaiter:compensateforhiswordsbyfillingtheglasstooverflowingoronpurposedoingthis?Parody:OurfatherwhoartinHeaven,hallowedbethyName,(OurNothingwhoartinNothing,nothingbethyname)Thykingdomcome,thywillbedone,inEarthasitinHeaven,(thykingdomnothing,thywillbenothing,innothingasi

5、tisinnothing)Giveusthisdayourdailybread,andforgiveusourdebtsasweforgiveourdebtors,(Giveusthisnothingourdailynothing,andnothingusournothings,aswenothingournothings)Butdeliverusfromevil.(butdeliverusfromnothing)Likelinessbetweentheoldmanandtheoldwaiter-oppositetotheyoungwaiterQuestion:whyarethethreech

6、aractersinthestorynameless?Hemingwayindicatestheuniversalnatureofhischaractersbygivingthemnonames.HeseesthemasEveryman.20thcenturyAm.PoetsImagismmovement:begunbyEzraPoundandafewfriendswhowantedtoridpoetryofthe“badhabits”thattheyfelt19thcenturypoetshadfalleninto:theuseoftoomanywords,theuseofwordsnolo

7、ngerinactualspeech,repetitioussubjectmatter,andtheuseoftiredpoeticpatterns,esp.traditionalstanzasandmeters.Theimagistswanted(thethreeprinciples):1.Directtreatment:thesubjectofthepoemmustbeexpressedinsuchawayastoresembleitandreproduceitascloselyaspossible.Simplelanguagemustbeusedtocreatean“image”,whi

8、chthereadercanimmediatelyseeinhisownimagination.Eachwordmustbeusedwithgreatexactnesstoproduceapreciseimageandnothingmore.2.Economyofexpression:nowordmustbeusedwhichdoesnotcontributedirectlytotheimage.Thelanguagemustbeconcentrated.Theremustbenodrawingofconclusions,noexplanations.3.Rhythm:Nounnecessar

9、ywordsmaybeincludedinordertomakemeterorarhyme.Apoemshouldbecomposedwiththephrasingofmusic,notametronome.Belongtofreeverse(20th)(4categ.)1.Imagism(意象主义):Pound,Williams,H.D.,AmyLowell,etc.2.Visualverse(视觉诗):Cummings3.Onomatopoeticpoetry(拟音诗)Williams,etc.4.Prosepoem(散文诗)GinsburgHaiku(俳句)Thefootstepsoft

10、hecatuponthesnow:plum-blossoms.PoundsStationChineseclassicalpoetry枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯.大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆.FOGThefogcomesonlittlecatfeet.Itsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.CHOOSEThesingleclenchedfistliftedandready,Ortheopenaskinghandheldoutandwaiting.Choose:Forwemeetbyoneorthe

11、other.ConcretePoetry(visual)Concretepoetryinvolvesarrangingthelettersorwordsthatdescribeanobjectintoavisualimagethatalsodescribestheobject.Itisakindofpaintingwithlettersorwordsasthemedium.诗是无形画诗是无形画,画是有形诗画是有形诗l(aleaffalls)onelinessHeatOwind,rendopentheheat,cutaparttheheat,rendittotatters.Fruitcannot

12、dropthroughthisthickair-fruitcannotfallintoheatthatpressesupandbluntsthepointsofpearsandroundsthegrapes.Cuttheheat-ploughthroughit,turningitoneithersideofyourpath.H.D.H.D.(HildaDoolittle)OreadWhirlup,sea-whirlyourpointedpines,splashyourgreatpinesonourrocks,hurlyourgreenoverus,coveruswithyourpoolsoffir.山林女神山林女神大海,旋翻吧,-旋起你针松般细浪,溅起你松树般巨浪拍打我们的岩石,把你的碧波绿浪向我们投来,用你冷杉般旋涡把我们覆盖.