状语从句教师版

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1、状语从句学习目标：懂得状语从句的定义，句法功能，分类，引导词，及各类状语从句的用法，联 系高考试题提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。学也法：自主学习讲义内容，独立完成题目并且小组讨论达标练习和巩固练习。概念及分类：用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句； 4.条件状语从句；5.让步状语从 句；6.目的状语从句； 7.结果状语从句； 8.比较状语从句；9.方式状语从句。一、时间状语从句常用弓丨导词： when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until特殊

2、引导词：一就： as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second,no sooner.than, hardly.when, scarcely. When每次： every time, each time第一次：the first time无论什么时候：whenever 到时候为止：by the time【重难点自我检测突破】1. when, while 和 as 都可解释为“当的时候”但侧重点有所不同 when, 观察下面例句，总结其用法：When I lived there, I used to go to the sea

3、shore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.I was taking a nap when he came in.I was about to leave when the bell rang.总结：a.从句表示的动作是可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词：主句和从句发牛的 动作同时发牛，也可以主句所表示的动作发牛在从句之后。b.强调时间点，含义为就在这个时候。while，观察例句并总结用法：We were listening/listened to the radio while he was reading new

4、spaper. I like tea while he like coffee.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,常用进行时，主句和从句发生的动作同 时发生。作为并列连词，表示对比，翻译成然而；语气比but弱。把while的含义写在后面括号内：While we didnt agree, we continue to be good friends. （尽管 ）While they are my neighbors, I dont know them well. （尽管 ）Str

5、ike the iron while it is hot. （趁着 ）总结：while除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导让步状语从句和条件状语从句。as观察例句并总结用法：As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为随着或者一边, 边。题组训练 用 while，when， as 填空： When John arrived, I was cooking lunch. As he grew olde

6、r, he lost interest in everything except gardening. I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.2. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the mom

7、ent, the minute, the instant, no sooner.than.,hardly（scarecely,barely）.when.这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一就”The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意：在 no sooner.than

8、 .;hardly/scarcely/barely.when 结构中，主句用过去完成时,从句 使用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用倒装语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner come home than it began to rain.=No sooner had I come home than it began to rain,3. till until和notuntil观察

9、例句并总结用法：He remained there until she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stops.He wont go to bed until she returns.Until you told me I have no idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.总结：肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止

10、。否 定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，意为某动作直到某时间才开始。until可以用于句 首，而till不可以。在强调句型中not until两词在一起不分开：句首时，主句要倒装。 句型转换I didnt leave until she came back.Not until she came back did I leave.It was not until she came back that I leave.4. before ,after：可以作连词，后面跟完整的状语从句；也可作介词，后面跟动名词结构。I usually take a shower before I have br

11、eakfast.I usually take a shower before having breakfast.before, 在. 之前：翻译下面的句子：Look before you leap. 三思而后行All things are difficult before they are easy.所有事情先难后易把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. （以后. 才）We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. （还没. 就）Plea

12、se write it down before you forget it.（趁着还没有）Before I could get in a word, he had measured me（还没来得及就）5. since：观察例句并总结用法I have written home four times since I came here.She has been working in this factory since he left school.It has been 10 years since he lived here.It is three years since I smoked

13、a cigar.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生 的动作。主句时态为现在完成时，从句时态为一般过去时。从句动词若是延续性动词，则表 示，相反或否定的意义。6. Every/each time , the first time 翻译下列句子：每次我打开收音机，他就把它关掉。Every time I turned on the radio, he turned it off.我第一次见到他的时候，他只有六岁。The first time I saw him, he was only six years old.7. By the time观察例句

14、并总结用法By the time you came back, I had finished reading this book.By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished reading this book.总结：如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时：如果主句的谓 语动词用一般现在时，主句的位于动词用将来完成时。8. 重点句型：观察例句并总结用法 It is / has been three years since the war broke out. It will be a year before

15、 you leave school. It was a long time before I got to sleep again. It wont be long before we meet. It was five oclock when he got up. It was at five oclock that he got up.It is /has been + 时间段 since （谓语动词用一般过去时）It will be +时间段before （谓语动词用一般现在时）It was +时间段before（谓语动词用过去时）It was +时间点when （谓语动词用一般过去时）

16、It was +时间状语that （谓语动词用一般过去时）用 since, before, when, that 填空。 It was midnight when he left here. It is five years since we last met here. It will be one year before we graduate from high school. It was two years ago that he got married. It was ten minutes before he finished the task.二：地点状语常用引导词：where

17、特殊引导词：wherever请填写：You are free to go wherever you like.Go back where you come from.Make a mark where you have any questions.【重难点自我检测突破】1. 注意区分 where 引导的状语从句和定语从句 题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句： Plants grow well where there is water and sunshine.（地点状语从句） She found her calculator where she lost it.（地点状语从句） I happ

18、ened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last time. （定语从句） This is the shop where I bought my bike. （定语从句） 总结：你是根据什么作出判断的？是否有先彳丁词2. 句型：哪里有，哪里就有 Where there is., there is.翻译下列句子： 有志者，事竟成。Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is poverty, there is high crime rate.哪里有贫穷，哪里

19、就有高犯罪率。 哪里有困难，哪里就有警察。Where there difficulties, there are police.造句：.三、原因状语从句常用弓丨导词： because, since, as特殊引导词：由于： in that, seeing that既然： now that考虑至 U： considering that, given that【重难点自我检测突破】because, as, since 观察例句总结用法：Why were you absent from the meeting?Because I was ill.As it is raining, we shall

20、not go to the park.He lost his confidence as he failed in the exam.Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.Since you are busy, you dont have to go.It was because he was ill that he was absent from the meeting.总结：because表示直接的原因,用来回答why提出的问题；as和since表示显然的，已知 的原因，as可以翻译成“由于”,since翻译成“既然”

21、:as的位置可以在主句前或者后，而 since ,now that只能在主句前.强调句中只能用because.四条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless特殊的引导词：一旦：once：只要:so/as long as;如果： on condition that, supposing that, providing that, provided that【重难点自我检测突破】1. If的条件句可以和unless互相转换You will fail the exam unless you study hard.You will fail the exam if you dont study har

22、d.You will be late if you dont leave immediately.You will be late unless you leave immediately.2. 当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用虚拟语气.If I knew his address, I would tell ( tell) you.If you had come (come) here yesterday, you would have seen (see) her.If it were to rain/should rain/rained (rain) tomorrow,

23、I would stay(stay) at home.3.only if和if only观察例句总结用法：Only if you are exposed to the real language environment can you improve your spoken English greatly.If only he had agreed to proposal!总结：only if表示“只要”，若置于句首，主句需要倒装：if only表示“要是就好了”，弓I 导虚拟语气的非真实条件句，表达愿望。造句：Only if .If only .五让步状语从句常用引导词：though, al

24、though，即使： even if， even though特殊引导词：no matter + 疑问词;疑问词+ever ; whether.or (无论)；尽管：while，as,in spite of the fact that , despite the fact that 等。如：【重难点自我检测突破】1. 翻译下列句子： 即使天气不太好，我们也将去旅行。Even if /though the weather is not so good well make the trip. 无论他来不来，我们都会开始会议。We will start the meeting .whether he

25、 comes or not. While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.尽管我真不喜欢艺术，但我发现他的作品让人印象深刻。 Despite the fact that their personalities were different, they were close friends. 尽管他们的性格不同，他们是好朋友。 All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in

26、 need since the disaster.所有人，无论老幼贫富，灾难之后都竭尽全力帮助那些身处困境的人 无论这个题目有多难，我都要把它解出来。However difficult the question is/ No matter how difficult the question is , I can work it out. 无论你何时来，我们都欢迎。Whenever you come/ No matter when you come, you are welcome.2. as或though引导让步状语从句 翻译划横线的句子并总结用法：Hot as/though the nig

27、ht air was(尽管晚上很热) , we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Child as/though he is (尽管他是个孩子),he knows a lot about computers.Much as/though I travel (尽管我去过很多地方)，I have never seen such a beautiful place.Try as she might (无论她怎样努力)，Carolina couldnt get the door open总结：as引导让步状语从句，

28、从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形置于句首，再加as/though 再加主谓。汉译英： 尽管他是学生，她却懂得很多。Student as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive. 不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。Try as he might, he couldnt find a job. 尽管这个任务很有挑战性，她还是要坚持完成。Challenging as the task was, she insisted on finishing

29、 it.六、目的状语从句常用引导词：为了，以便:so that, in order that特殊引导词：in case （以防，lest （以免），for fear that （以免，唯恐） 翻译下列句子： In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发。 Mary didnt get out of bed for fear that she might wake her baby up.玛丽不想起床，担心吵醒宝宝。 Take your raincoat in case

30、 it rains.带上雨衣以防下雨。七、结果状语从句常用引导词： so. that , such. that ， so that特殊引导词： such that， to such a degree that, to such an extent that【重难点自我检测突破】1. so 和 such 的搭配规律such修饰名词或名词词组:so修饰形容词或副词,so还可接many, few, much, little等。 so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/few flowers such nice

31、flowersso much/little money such rapid progressso many people such a lot of people用 so 或 such 填空It is surprising that such little worms eat so many grains.He is so smart a boy that I like him very much.Can you believe that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people?2. 当so/such.that结构

32、中的so或such放在句首时，主句用倒装语序。So proud was he that he never listened to any advice.Such a clever student was he that he was able to work out the difficult problem.3. so that既可以引导目的状语也可引导结果状语，目的状语从句中一般有情态动词。 You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.He spoke in a loud voice so that he made himse

33、lf heard.4. 翻译下列句子： His anger was such that he lost control of himself.他如此生气以至于不能自制。 He was mad to such an extent that he threatened to kill his father. 他如此疯狂竟然要威胁着杀死自己的父亲。 To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt fall asleep last night.他实在太兴奋了以至于昨晚睡不着觉。八、比较状语从句常用引导词：as.as （同级比较），than （不同程度的比

34、较）特殊引导词： 越越:the more.the more【重难点自我检测突破】1. as.as.，否定形式为 not so/as.asShe is not so/as hardworking as her sister （is）.2. than:要注意比较对象北京的气温比上海低。The temperature in Beijing is lower than that in Shanghai .3. The more. The moreThe more alternatives there are， the more difficult it is to choose.选择越多，就越难选择。

35、你越努力，进步就越大。The harder you work, the greater progress you will make,造句:4. 表达倍数的句型，观察例句并总结用法This building is three times taller than that oneThis building is three times as tall as that oneThis building is three times the size of that one总结： A+ 倍数+比较级+than B A+倍数+as 形容词原级 as+B A+倍数+the size（height, we

36、ight, length） +of B仿写句子表示倍数：. 三种句型变式：This factory manufactures twice as many products as that one.It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.I can rent three times as big a room as yours in my city using that money.总结： 倍数+as many + 可数名词复 数+as 倍数+as much+不可

37、数名词+as 倍数+as+形容词原级+名词+as九、方式状语从句常用引导词： 按照：as； 好像：as if, as though特殊引导词： the way ， just as., so. （正如. ， . 也. ）翻译下列句子： Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。 I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉好像发烧了。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.（虚拟语气） 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像是自己儿子一样。

38、He talked to the girl as though he had fallen in love with her.(虚拟语气) 他和那个女孩说话的样子就好他爱上她一样。 You should operate the machine the way I do . 你应该像我这样操作机器。 Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks, so the experienced writer is killed in the handling of his words.正如建筑工人擅长摆弄砖头一样，成熟的作家也擅长

39、摆弄文字。 状语从句注意要点：1. 时态：一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词常用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”。 Eg. I will call you as soon as I arrive in New York.If he comes back, please let me know.2. 省略：1) 当状语从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be时，it和be可全部省略。If (it is )possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.2) 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句的谓语动词包括be动词时，从句的主 语和be动词

40、可以全部省略。Although (he was) tired, he kept on walking. Whenever ( I am) free, I will go shopping.状语从句练习I. choices.1. Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting, was missing.A. asB. beforeC. sinceD. when2. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _she was bitten on the leg by a l

41、ion.A. whenB. whileC. sinceD. once3. , I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A. However the story is amusingB. No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story isD. No matter how the story is amusing4. It is almost five yearswe saw each other last time.A. beforeB.

42、 sinceC. afterD. when5. What a table ! Ive never seen such a thing before .It isit is long.A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half6. Simon thought his computer was brokenhis little brother pointed out that he hadforgotten to turn it on.A. untilB. u

43、nlessC. afterD. because7. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon asB. as a resultC. in caseD. so that8. It wasnt until nearly a month laterI received the managers reply.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. that9. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process （过程） i

44、t requires attentionas well as memory and imagination.A. until B. but C. unless D. for10. The old tower must be saved, the cost.A. however B. whatever C. whicheverD. wherever11. You must keep on working in the evening you are sure you can finish the task in time.A. as B. ifC. whenD. unless12. That w

45、as really a splendid evening. It s years I enjoyed myself so much.A. when B. that C. before D. since13. John is the tallest boy in the class, according to himself.A. five foot eight as tall asB. as tall as five foot eightC. as five foot eight tall asD. as tall five foot eight as14. Did Jack come bac

46、k early last night?Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home.A. Before B. when C. thatD. until15. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from yourown.A. until B. even ifC. unlessD. as though16. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _

47、I did.A. as much as B. as long asC. as soon as D. as far as17. youve tried it. you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. BecauseC. Although D. When18. - How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?- Perhaps two or three years.A. when B. until C. thatD. before19

48、. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was amemory she especially treasured.A. as B. ifC. whenD. where20. You cant have this football backyou promise not to kick it at my cat again, theold man said firmly.A. Because B. sinceC. whenD. until21. I had just stepped

49、 out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel Iheard the steps.A. while B. when C. since D. after22. environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem （ 生态系统） torecover.A. Even ifB. If only C. While D. Once23. He was about halfway through his meala familiar voice c

50、ame to his ears.A. why B. where C. whenD. while24. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A. Since B. UnlessC. AsD. Although25. Were just trying to teach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.A. where B. thatC. when D. which26. How can you expect to l

51、earn anything you never listen?A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when27. His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it.A. so B. andC. that D. as28. This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, .A. how much may it costB. no matter how it may costC. however much it may costD. how may it cos

52、t29. My parents were quarrelling about me _ I could not quite tell why.A. since B. though C. if D. until30. Mom, what did your doctor say?He advised me to live the air is fresher.A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where31、Are you ready for Spain ? Yes , I want the girls to experience that

53、 _ they are young .A. while B. until C. if D. before32、 well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although33、Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday it rains or its very cold. （08天津卷 01）A. since B. if C. unless D. until34、All

54、people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to helpthose in need since the disaster.A. even if B. whetherC. no matterD. however35、 hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. However36、I used to love that film

55、 I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.A. onceB. whenC. sinceD. although37、Youd better not leave the medicine kids can get at it.A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 38、Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide f

56、ood for more people.A. in whichB. for whichC. so that D. in that39、 Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you. Ok, you make it short.A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time 40、Dont promise anything you are one hundred percent sure.A. whether B. after C. how D. UnlessII. Translat

57、ion.1. 据报道，自清华大学创办，已经100 年了。It is reported that it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.2. 在我们意识到真相之前，过了一段时间。It was some time before we realized the truth.3. 这周日我们将会在公园野餐，除非下雨或者天气很冷。Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.4. 一个星期五，当我的女儿听到求救声的时候我们正在为周末

58、出行打包启程。One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.5. 外场研究将会花费琼和保罗大约五个月的时间，距离下一次见到他们将会有一段很长的 时间。The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again.6. 在某些地区，男性做家务带孩子，与此同时妇女被希望出去赚钱。In some pla

59、ces women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.7. 他的计划是如此之好，以至于我们都同意接受。His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.8. 成年人不可能笑的像个孩子，因为孩子用眼镜微笑，而成年人仅仅只用嘴微笑。A man cannot smile like a child, for a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with h

60、is lips alone.9. 不论问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战However serious the problem is, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.10. 如果你旅行到一个风俗习惯与你家乡截然不同的地方，那就入乡随俗吧。If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.1 - 5 BACBC 6 - 10 ADDDB 11 - 15 DDBBB 16 -20 AADAD 21 - 25 BDCDA 26 - 30 DCCBD31-35 AACBD 36-40 BCDCD