海牙规则释义

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1、海牙规则释义及其与其他提单法律之比较6/26/20231海牙规则制定之背景l普通法上船东的严格责任及订约自由普通法上船东的三大默示义务：l保证船舶绝对适航(Absolute seaworthy)l不得不合理绕航(Unlawful deviation)l尽责速遣(Due despatch)普通法上的免责事由：l天灾；火灾；公敌行为；货物缺陷或包装不良；货物遭受共同海损牺牲船东的订约自由：提单上的免责条款l后果：动摇了贸易界对提单的信心6/26/20232l哈特法及其影响对提单立法的呼声Harter Act 1893l相对适航义务；航海过失免责；限制订约自由最低义务之限定。哈特法的影响l1904年

2、澳大利亚COGSAl1908年新西兰航运及海员法l1910年加拿大水上运输法6/26/20233l海牙规则的产生英国对制定提单法的态度：l国内立法？民间规则？国际公约？海牙规则的制定和通过英国1924年COGSA6/26/20234海牙规则释义Article 1 In this convention the following words are employed with the meanings set out below:(a)“Carrier”includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of carria

3、ge with a shipper.6/26/202351、承运人的确定l船东自己作为承运人l船东将船舶出租：承租人提单船东提单既非船东提单，也非租家提单，由船长签发既非船东提单，也非租家提单，由代理人签发lDemise Clause 的效力订约自由？减轻责任的条款？公共政策？6/26/202362、维斯比规则：l未作修改3、汉堡规则、CMC：lCMC Art.42l增加了实际承运人的规定4、运输法草案：l承运人履约方l履约方的范围6/26/20237 (b)“Contract of carriage”applies only to contracts of carriage covered

4、by a bill of lading or any similar document of title,in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea,including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of ti

5、tle regulates the relations between a carrier and a holder of the same.6/26/202381、海牙规则的适用范围（单证）l与Article 10联系起来一起解读l物权凭证（Document of Title）的含义可转让性（Negotiability）l海运单等不可转让单证不适用于海牙规则l不适用于租船契约本身6/26/202392、汉堡规则l提单或作为海上运输契约证明的其他单证(Art.18)l不适用于租船契约本身（Art.2.2)3、CMCl提单、其他运输单证(Art.80)、租船契约4、运输法草案l所有货物运输合同，

6、但不包括租约（尚未确定）l运输单证包括：可转让或不可转让的单证或电子记录6/26/202310 (c)“Goods”includes goods,wares,merchandise,and articles of every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried.6/26/2023111、海牙规则不适用于活动物和舱面货l原因l舱面货（甲板货）的含义（条件）实际装载在舱面

7、上合同（提单）明确注明装载在舱面上对集装箱货物的处理2、汉堡规则、CMC、运输法草案l适用于所有货物，包括由货方提供的装运工具lCMC对舱面货的规定（Art.53）6/26/202312 (d)“Ship”means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea6/26/202313l只适用于从事货物运输的船舶l须为海船包括与海相通的可航水域（Navigabel Waters）6/26/202314 (e)“Carriage of goods”covers the period from the time when the goods are

8、 loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship.6/26/2023151、承运人的责任期间l钩到钩原则（Tackle to Tackle），或舷到舷原则（Rail to Rail）l对于原油、天然气等运输驳管至驳管l对装前卸后的责任扩展：Article 76/26/2023162、汉堡规则l承运人掌管之下的全部期间（Art.4）3、CMCl区分集装箱货物和非集装箱货物6/26/202317Article 2 Subject to the provisions of Article 6,under every contract o

9、f carriage of goods by sea the carrier,in relation to the loading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,care and discharge of such goods,shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities and entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth.6/26/202318l本条规定了公约的效力l应与Article 5、Article 6、A

10、rticle 7、Article 8 一起理解6/26/202319Article 3 1.The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to (a)Make the ship seaworthy.(b)Properly man,equip and supply the ship.(c)Make the holds,refrigerating and cool chambers,and all other parts of the ship in wh

11、ich goods are carried,fit and safe for their reception,carriage and reservation.6/26/2023201、适航的分类l绝对适航l谨慎处理使船舶适航l无本人参予过失的适航2、适航的标准谨慎处理（克尽职责）l须克尽职责的人不限于承运人本人，还包括其代理人、雇佣人和其他就此向承运人负责的人。6/26/2023213、适航的内容l船体结构安全 船舶证书l船员配备足够、适当 船员证书l妥善装备船舶及配备供应品 海图、燃料l船舱适货4、谨慎处理使船舶适航的时间l开航前和开航当时6/26/2023225、关于适航的举证责任l承运

12、人需举证证明在开航前和开航当时已做到谨慎处理，或货损与不适航无关，而是因其他免责事项引起6/26/2023236、其他提单法律关于适航的规定l维斯比规则、CMC：同海牙规则（CMC Art.47）l汉堡规则：介于海牙规则与绝对适航之间承运人承担举证责任6/26/202324 2.Subject to the provisions of Article 4,the carrier shall properly and carefully load,handle,stow,carry,keep,care for,and discharge the goods carried.6/26/202325

13、1、承运人的管货义务l何谓“妥善”？客观方法l何谓“谨慎”？主观态度l管货过失与管船过失的不同后果6/26/2023262、其他提单法律对于承运人管货义务的规定l维斯比规则、CMC、运输法草案：同海牙规则l汉堡规则：较海牙规则严格（举证责任在承运人）6/26/202327 3.After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the master or agent of the carrier shall,on demand of the shipper,issue to the shipper a bill of lading

14、showing among other things (a)The leading marksas the same are furnished in writing by the shipper (b)Either the number of packages or pieces,or the quantity,or weight,as the case may be,as furnished in writing by the shipper.(c)The apparent order and condition of the goods.6/26/202328 Provided that

15、 no carrier,master or agent of the carrier shall be bound to state or show in the bill of lading any marks,number,quantity,or weight which he has reasonable ground for suspecting not accurately to represent the goods actually received,or which he has had no reasonable means of checking.6/26/2023291、

16、承运人的签发提单的义务l签发提单的前提l谁有义务签发提单2、提单的记载事项l货物标志l货物的件数或重量或体积l货物的外表状况6/26/2023303、承运人拒绝在提单上作有关记载的条件l合理怀疑，或l无法测量6/26/202331 4.Such a bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods as therein described in accordance with paragraph 3(a),(b),and(c).6/26/2023321、提单（记载事项）

17、的证据效力l表面证据（初步证据）l承运人可提出反证2、维斯比规则对提单证据效力的修改l转让后：绝对证据（conclusive evidence)3、其他提单法律关于提单证据效力的规定l同维斯比规则6/26/202333 5.The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks,number,quantity and weight,as furnished by him,and the shipper shall indemni

18、fy the carrier against all loss,damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars.The right of the carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper.6/26/2023341、提供信息的正确性托

19、运人的保证义务l保证责任的承担者：托运人而非其他人l违反该保证义务的后果l承运人不能以此抗辩其他人2、其他法律的规定l同海牙规则CMC：Art.66Hamburg Rules：Art.12CMI 运输法：第7章6/26/202335 6.Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the port of discharge before or at the time of the r

20、emoval of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage,or,if the loss or damage be not apparent,within three days,such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the goods as described in the bill of lading.6/26/202

21、336 If the loss or damage is not apparent,the notice must be given within three days of the delivery of the goods.The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods has,at the time of their receipt,been the subject of joint survey or inspection.In the case of an actual or apprehended

22、loss or damage the carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods.6/26/2023371、索赔通知的作用l证明在交货时即有损失l给予承运人及早准备的机会2、索赔通知的期限l损坏明显：立即l损坏不明显：3天内l已经联合检验：无需递交6/26/2023383、索赔通知的形式l必须为书面4、未作出有效的索赔通知的后果l承运人已按提单记载交货的初步证据l货方可以提出反证推翻6/26/2023395、其他

23、法律关于索赔通知的规定l维斯比规则：同海牙规则lHamburg Rules：Art.19增加了迟延交付下的索赔通知扩大了递交通知的对象增加了承运人向货方递交索赔通知的规定lCMC：Art.81（参考了汉堡规则）lCMI运输法：6.96/26/202340 6.In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goo

24、ds or the date when the goods should have been delivered.6/26/2023411、诉讼时效l“在任何情况下”（in any event)如何解释？向承运人提出索赔可否中断时效？当事人可否协议延长诉讼时效？l时效从何时起算？如何确定“货物应当交付之日”？6/26/2023422、其他提单法律关于诉讼时效的规定l维斯比规则：增加了当事方协议延长时效的规定增加了追偿时效的规定l汉堡规则：2年被请求人可通过书面声明单方延长时效lCMC：大原则同维斯比规则增加了时效中止和中断的规定lCMI运输法：大原则同维斯比规则被请求人可通过书面声明单方延长时

25、效6/26/202343 7.After the goods are loaded the bill of lading to be issued by the carrier,master,or agent of the carrier,to the shipper shall,if the shipper so demands,be a“shipped”bill of lading,provided that if the shipper shall have previously taken up any document of title to such goods,he shall

26、surrender the same as against the issue of the“shipped”bill of lading,but at the option of the carrier such document of title may be noted at the port of shipment by the carrier,master,or agent with the name or names of the ship or ships upon which the goods have been shipped and the date or dates o

27、f shipment,and when so noted,if it shows the particulars mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 3,shall for the purpose of this article be deemed to constitute a“shipped”bill of lading.6/26/202344 7、货物装船后，如托运人要求，承运人、船长或承运人的代理人应签发给托运人一份“已装船”提单。如果托运人已事先取得货物的其他物权凭证，他应将其交还以换取“已装船”提单。但承运人也可以决定在装货港由承运人、船长或其代

28、理人在上述物权凭证上加注装货船名及装船日期，经过加注的上述凭证，如果记载有第3条第3款中所指项目，即成为本条所指的“已装船”提单。6/26/202345 8.Any clause,covenant,or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to,or in connexion with,goods arising from negligence,fault,or failure in the duties and oblig

29、ations provided in this article or lessening such liability otherwise than as provided in this convention,shall be null and void and of no effect.A benefit of insurance in favour of the carrier or similar clause shall be deemed to be a clause relieving the carrier from liability.6/26/202346l海牙规则：最低限

30、度之责任和义务与Art.5、Art.7、Art.8结合起来理解l常见的无效条款：转移保险利益的条款其他减轻责任或增加权利的条款管辖权条款（和法律适用条款）l并不必然无效6/26/202347Article 4 1.Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or damage arising or resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship

31、seaworthy,and to secure that the ship is properly manned,equipped and supplied,and to make the holds,refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception,carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1

32、of Article 3.Whenever loss or damage has resulted from unseaworthiness the burden of proving the exercise of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person claiming exemption under this article.6/26/202348l承运人需负适航义务首要义务条款享受本条所规定的免责权利之前提l承运人需负举证责任证明已尽到谨慎处理使船舶适航货损系免责事由引起6/26/202349 2.Neither th

33、e carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for loss or damage arising or resulting from (a)Act,neglect,or default of the master,mariner,pilot,or the servants of the carrier in navigation or in the management of the ship.6/26/2023501、驾驶和管理船舶的过失l“不完全过错责任制”l何谓“驾驶”和“管理”船舶？如何区分“管船过失”和“管货过失”？l兼有管船过失与管货过失

34、的情况l哪些人的过失？6/26/202351l其他提单法律的规定维斯比规则：l同海牙规则汉堡规则：l无此免责事项CMC：l同海牙规则CMI运输法：l方案一：取消l方案二：保留6/26/202352 (b)Fire,unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier.6/26/2023532、火灾l火灾免责的原因：事后无法判断原因l不能免责的火灾：因船舶不适航引起承运人的实际过失或私谋l举证责任：索赔人需对承运人的实际过失或私谋负举证责任l因采取灭火措施造成的损失：共同海损6/26/202354l其他提单法律的规定维斯比规则：l

35、同海牙规则汉堡规则：l不免责，但需索赔人证明火灾是由承运人或其代理人、受雇人的过失或疏忽引起CMC：l保留免责，但承运人本人的过失除外（较汉堡规则为宽）l需索赔人证明承运人本人有过失CMI运输法：l方案一：取消l方案二：保留（同海牙规则）6/26/202355 (c)Perils,dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters.6/26/2023563、海上危险和意外事故l构成“海上危险”或“意外事故”的条件：不可预见足以构成危险6/26/202357 (d)Act of God.6/26/2023584、天灾l构成要件与“

36、海上危险”相同6/26/202359 (e)Act of war.6/26/2023605、战争行为l战争行为的定义国际法上的战争的要件6/26/202361 (f)Act of public enemies.6/26/2023626、公敌行为l公敌行为的定义（范围）针对本国的战争行为国内的武装冲突海盗行为恐怖袭击6/26/202363 (g)Arrest or restraint of pinces,rulers or people,or seizure under legal process.6/26/2023647、扣押、限制和捕获l须有政治色彩船东无法控制不包括一般的船舶被扣押6/26

37、/202365 (h)Quarantine restrictions.6/26/2023668、检疫限制l含义6/26/202367 (i)Act of omission of the shipper or owner of the goods,his agent or representative.6/26/2023689、托运人、货主及其代理人的疏忽l含义与固有缺陷的区分lCMI运输法对托运人义务的严格规定（第7章）6/26/202369 (j)Strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from whatever caus

38、e,whether partial or general.6/26/20237010、罢工、停工或劳动受到限制l本船船员的罢工是否包括在内？一般认为不包括6/26/202371 (k)Riots and civil commotions.6/26/20237211、暴动和民变6/26/202373 (l)Saving or attempting to save life or property at sea.6/26/20237412、救助或企图救助人命或财产l与本条第4款的区别6/26/202375 (m)Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss

39、 or damage arising from inherent defect,quality or vice of the goods.6/26/20237613、固有缺陷引起的容积、重量的减少或其他灭失或损坏l正常损耗l固有缺陷造成的其他损害6/26/202377 (n)Insufficiency of packing.6/26/20237814、包装不良l“包装不良”与“外表状况良好”之间的关系6/26/202379 (o)Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks.6/26/20238015、标志不清或不当6/26/202381 (p)Latent def

40、ects not discoverable by due diligence.6/26/20238216、经谨慎处理仍不能发现的潜在缺陷l与适航的关系6/26/202383 (q)Any other cause arising without the actual fault or privity of the carrier,or without the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier,but the burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the be

41、nefit of this exception to show that neither the actual fault or privity of the carrier not the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier contributed to the loss or damage.6/26/202384 17、其他非因承运人的实际过失或私谋或承运人的代理人、受雇人的过失或疏忽引起的损失l举证责任6/26/202385 3.The shipper shall not be responsible for

42、 loss or damage sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any cause without the act,fault or neglect of the shipper,his agents or his servants.6/26/2023861、托运人的责任基础l过错责任制l第3条第5款：严格责任制2、CMC：lArt.66、67、68：严格责任制l其他：过错责任制（Art.70）3、CMI运输法草案：l7.5：严格责任l7.6：过错责任6/26/202387 4.Any deviati

43、on in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of this convention or of the contract of carriage,and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage resulting therefrom.6/26/2023881、绕航条款l区分合理绕航和不合理绕航的标

44、准是否是必需的是否考虑了货方的利益是否与货物运输的性质有严重抵触l合理绕航的情形救助人命或财产避险其他合理绕航6/26/202389l提单上的绕航条款的效力是否足够明确是否合理：是否有减轻承运人责任的嫌疑l不合理绕航的后果根本违约：不适用海牙规则！l不能免责，不能限制责任，不能享受短时效一般违约l可能不能再依据免责事项6/26/2023902、其他提单法律关于绕航的规定l维斯比规则：未作修改l汉堡规则：未作明确规定相关规定：5.6lCMC：Art.49不合理绕航的后果？6/26/202391lCMI运输法：6.56/26/202392 5.Neither the carrier nor the

45、 ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss or damage to or in connexion with goods in an amount exceeding 100 pounds sterling per package or unit,or the equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment

46、 and inserted in the bill of lading.6/26/202393 This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence,but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.6/26/202394 By agreement between the carrier,master or agent of the carrier and the shipper another maximum amount th

47、an that mentioned in this paragraph may be fixed,provided that such maximum shall noi be less than the figure above named.6/26/202395 Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to,or in connexion with,goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly

48、misstated by the shipper in the bill of lading.6/26/2023961、单位赔偿限额条款l“in any event”的限定极少数的例外l对“英镑”的含义的不同理解Art.9l何谓一个“货运单位”（unit）？集装箱运输大件货物运输散货运输6/26/202397l不受该限额约束的情况定值货物l托运人声明l记入提单l这种声明和记载仅是初步证据l故意谎报货物的性质和价值的后果另定限额l不能低于公约的规定6/26/2023982、其他提单法律关于单位赔偿限额的规定l维斯比规则：增加了以货物重量计算限额的规定改以金法郎为计算单位提高了限额增加了如何确定集

49、装货物的件数的规定增加了货损赔偿额计算方法的规定增加了丧失限制赔偿责任权利的规定6/26/202399l汉堡规则：改以特别提款权为计算单位进一步提高了限额增加了迟延交付赔偿限额的规定增加了货物装运工具本身损失的规定6/26/2023100lCMC：Art.55，56，57，58，59，64货损赔偿额的计算方法不同（A.55）对A.59的理解l承运人或其受雇人、代理人本人的故意或6/26/2023101 6.Goods of an inflammable,explosive or dangerous nature to the shipment whereof the carrier,maste

50、r or agent of the carrier has not consented with knowledge of their nature and character,may at any time before discharge be landed at any place,or destroyed or rendered6/26/2023102 innocuous by the carrier without compensation and the shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damage and expense

51、s directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such shipment.6/26/2023103 If any such goods shipped with such knowledge and consent shall become a danger to the ship or cargo,they may in like manner be landed at any place,or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without liability

52、 on the part of the carrier except to general average,if any.6/26/20231041、危险货物条款l故意隐瞒危险货物性质的后果承运人可任意处置承运人不负赔偿责任须赔偿因此造成的承运人或其他货物的损失6/26/20231052、其他提单法律关于危险货物的规定l维斯比规则同海牙规则l汉堡规则、CMC：基本同海牙规则lCMI运输法：不再区分危险货物与普通货物，不作明确规定6/26/2023106Article 5 A carrier shall be at liberty to surrender in whole or in part

53、 all or any of his rights and immunities or to increase any of his responsi-bilities and obligations under this convention,provided such surrender or increase shall be embodied in the bill of lading issued to the shipper.6/26/2023107 The provisions of this convention shall not be applicable to chart

54、er parties,but if bills of lading are issued in the case of a ship under a charter party they shall comply with the terms of this convention.Nothing in these rules shall be held to prevent the insertion in a bill of lading of any lawful provision regarding general average.back6/26/2023108第五条 承运人可以自由

55、地全部或部分放弃本公约所规定的他的权利或豁免，或增加他的责任或义务。但这种放弃或增加，须在签发给托运人的提单上注明。本公约的规定，不适用于租船合同，但如果提单是根据租船合同签发的，则它们应符合本公约的规定。本公约中的任何规定，都不影响在提单中加注有关共同海损的任何合法条款。back6/26/20231091、权利与豁免的放弃及责任与义务的增加l合法有效l实践中的情况：保险责任（责任保险）的范围2、共同海损条款的地位lG/A法律的独立性l海上货物运输法律对G/A分摊的影响l合法的G/A条款不受规则第3条第8款的影响6/26/2023110Article 6 Notwithstanding the

56、 provisions of the preceding articles,a carrier,master or agent of the carrier and a shipper shall in regard to any particular goods be at liberty to enter into any agreement in any terms as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier for such goods,and as to the rights and immunities of the

57、carrier in respect of such goods,or his obligation6/26/2023111 as to seaworthiness,so far as this stipulation is not contrary to public policy,or the care or diligence of his servants or agents in regard to the loading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,care and discharge of the goods carried by sea,

58、provided that in this case no bill of lading has been or shall be issued and that the terms agreed shall be embodied in a receipt which shall be a non-negotiable document and shall be marked as such.6/26/2023112 Any agreement so entered into shall have full legal effect.Provided that this article sh

59、all not apply to ordinary commercial shipments made in the ordinary course of trade,but only to other shipments where the character or condition of the property to be carried or the circumstances,terms and conditions under which the carriage is to be performed are such as reasonably to justify a spe

60、cial agreement.6/26/2023113第六条 虽有前述各条规定,承运人、船长或承运人的代理人和托运人有权就任何特定的货物订立任何条件的协议，规定承运人对该货物的责任和义务，以及承运人对该货物享有的权利和豁免，或者承运人对船舶的适航义务，只要这种规定不违反公共政策，或者承运人的受雇人或代理人在海运货物的装船、搬运、积载、运输、保管、照料和卸载方面应尽的注意和谨慎。但是，在这种情况下，必须是未曾签发提单或将不签发提单，而且上述协议的条款应载入货物收据。该收据应是不可转让的单证，并须在收据上如此注明。6/26/2023114 这样订立的任何协议，都具有完全的法律效力。但本条规定不适用

61、于依照普通贸易程序成交的一般商业货运，而仅在拟装运的财产的性质或状况，或据以进行运输的环境、条款和条件，有订立特别协议的合理需要时，才能适用。back6/26/2023115l特殊货运条款海牙规则适用于所有的“依照普通贸易程序成交的一般商业货运”。不适用于海牙规则的货物运输l非“一般商业货运”，根据货物的性质等有订立特别协议的需要；l不签发提单，而是签发不可转让的收据；l订入特别协议的条款不违背公共政策及承运人应尽的注意和谨慎。6/26/2023116Article 7 Nothing herein contained shall prevent a carrier or a shipper

62、from entering into any agreement,stipulation,condition,reservation or exemption as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or the ship for the loss or damage to,or in connection with,the custody and care and handling of goods prior to the loading on,and subsequent to,the discharge from th

63、e ship on which the goods are carried by sea.Art.1 Art.26/26/2023117第七条 本公约中的任何规定，都不影响承运人或托运人就承运人或船舶对海运船舶所载货物于装船前或卸船后所受灭失或损坏，或与货物的保管、照料和搬运有关的灭失或损坏所承担的责任与义务，订立任何协议、规定、条件、保留或免责条款。6/26/2023118Article 8 The provisions of this convention shall not affect the rights and obligations of the carrier under an

64、y statute for the time being in force relating to the limitation of the liability of own-ers of seagoing vessels.Back6/26/2023119第八条 本公约各条规定，都不影响有关海运船舶所有人责任限制的任何现行法令所规定的承运人的权利和义务。Art.26/26/2023120Article 9 The monetary units mentioned in this convention are to be taken to be gold value.Back6/26/2023

65、121Article 10 The provisions of this convention shall apply to all bills of lading issued in any of the contracting States.back6/26/20231221、海牙规则的适用范围l所有在缔约国签发的提单2、其他提单法律关于适用范围的规定l维斯比规则：三种情况l汉堡规则：5种情况lCMI运输法草案：5种情况，类似汉堡规则6/26/2023123维斯比规则的主要内容6/26/20231241、关于提单的证据效力l增加了关于提单在承运人与受让提单的善意第三人之间的效力问题的规定A

66、rt.I 第1款6/26/20231252、关于承运人的单位赔偿限额改以金法郎为货币计算单位提高了赔偿限额标准增加了以毛重计算赔偿限额的规定规定了集装货物的数量确定方法增加了货损赔偿额的计算方法规定了承运人丧失责任限制权利的条件Art.II6/26/20231263、关于诉讼时效增加了协议延长诉讼时效的规定增加了关于追偿时效的规定Art.I 第2、3款6/26/20231274、关于非合同之诉明确规定规则也适用于非合同之诉，不论是对承运人提起，还是对承运人的受雇人或代理人提起规定赔偿限额适用于对上述所有人提出的赔偿总额规定了承运人的受雇人或代理人丧失规则保护的条件Art.III6/26/20231285、关于规则的适用范围l扩大了规则的强制适用范围l规定缔约国可进一步扩大规则对其他提单的适用Art.V6/26/2023129汉堡规则的主要内容6/26/20231301、关于实际承运人l规定实际承运人制度的目的l实际承运人制度带来的问题l实际承运人与承运人责任之间的关系Art.10、116/26/20231312、规则的适用范围l适用的货物l适用的合同（合同种类、地域）（Art.1、Ar