《阿基米德》PPT课件

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1、 What do you know about great scientists? Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most. Warming up 1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician阿基米德 2.Who wrote a book explaining how anim

2、als and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British biologistauthor of The Origin of Species 3.Who invented the first steam engine?Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in

3、1712. 纽科门 发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机，并发明出双动式，使世界进入了“蒸气时代”。这使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。James Watt (瓦特)James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. 4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel (182

4、2-1884) Czech (捷克人) botanist and geneticist孟德尔 5.Who discovered radium? Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes) a chemist and physicist 6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? Thomas Edison (1847-1931) an American inventor 7.Who was the pa

5、inter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Last Supper Mona LisaLeonardo da Vinci 达芬奇 (1452-1519) Italian artist 8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Sir Humphry Davy汉弗来.戴维爵士 (1778-1829)British an inventor and chemist Miners Safety Lamp 9.Who invented the earl

6、iest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? Zhang Heng(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph 10.Who put forward a theory about black holes? Stephen Hawking (1942-) a British astronomer and physicist CarlLinnaeus Carl Linnaeus (17071778) lived and worked in Sweden. He succeeded in clas

7、sifying kinds of plants and animals. His classification has proved very successful and is still used today. Speaking activityDiscuss in groups of four, which field do you want to contribute yourself to in the future? Speaking (3m) Pre-reading (pair discussion) What five most important qualities do y

8、ou think a scientist should have? Give reasons. careful clever strict patient creative strong-willed honest serious intelligent humorous ambitious generous Warming upWhat impress you most in 2003? Infectious diseases can be spread easily. They have an unknown cause and may do great harm to people.Pe

9、ople could be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals, such as bird flu.AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases. They are difficult to cure.What do you know about infectious diseases? Prereading What other infectious diseases do you know?For example: When you eat some seafoodYou feelMaybe you have

10、 got _.CholeraWarming up-questions (2m) Bacteria of cholera It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat. John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera

11、”. Reading Task 2: Read and Answer1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?3 Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?4. To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? 1 Why

12、couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals. 3.Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?These fami

13、lies had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump. 4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companies not to expose

14、 people to the polluted water anymore. Mind Map of the TextJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Paragraph 2: Two theories Find a Problem:Make a question:Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854 What caused the cholera?Which is right? Paragraph 3: Stu

15、dy of the breakout in 1854 Think of a method:Collect the result:Analyze the result:Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Analyze the result:Repeat if necessary: Draw a conclusion: Test two theoriesMark the deathReason for death and no deathFind the res

16、ource of the waterFind more evidence.Cholera was spread by germPolluted water carried cholera Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera John Snow defeats King Cholera Scientific Report by John SnowThe problemThe cause Idea 1:Idea 2:The method Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of choleraa strange

17、 cloud of gas found its victimspeople absorbed the disease with mealsCollect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct The resultsIdea 1 or 2? Why?The conclusion He found the cause of cholera was the polluted waterIdea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty wa

18、ter carried choleraHe defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water Discussion: Discuss the following questions in groups of four.1.2.3. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.

19、 How did he finally prove it?Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem with- out the map? Give a reason. Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and public health care to solve them. John Snow finally proved his i

20、dea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.Keys1.2. No. The map helped John Snow organise his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their wat

21、er-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the

22、 _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _

23、of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. doctor cause19th defeatbrokemarked pumpsourceexamined dealing Language points for warming up 1. explain explain sb. Sth. explain sth. to sb . 2. characteristic n./adj. Some genetic s are

24、 not obvious. The two groups of children have quite different s. Forgetfulness is often of aged people.(T)(F)特有的,典型的 pass sth from “从处传来，传下“ pass by 路过，经过 pass down 把传下来 pass on 传递，传授1.The tradition is _ their ancestors.2. This spirit should be passed _ from generation to generation.3. Pass the lett

25、er _ to the person next to you .4. So many people pass _ and never notice the change. passed from downon by 3.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法? the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做.的方法” She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed u

26、s the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法. the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略. I dont like the way _ you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语: by the way by way of lose ones way no way feel ones way on ones way to in this way=by this means=with this method(that/ in which)用这种方法顺便说通 过

27、的方法迷路(俚语) 没门,别想摸黑走,谨慎从事在去的路上 4.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论? put forward (1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等) (2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名我能否提名你当我们的班长?May I put your name forward as our monitor?The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。 put away 抛弃

28、;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单;put on 穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造put up with 忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off conclude: v. 作结论，断定The jury concluded that he was guilty

29、. 陪审团认定他有罪。to conclude: 总而言之，总之To conclude, I want to thank you for your help.conclusion: n. 结论得出结论arrive atdraw come toa conclusion Check / examine check 表示“检验，核对”（看是否正确，是否符合标准） Lets send the products to the head of the workshops to be ed. examine 表示“仔细检查，以便发现。” Youd better have your eyes d. You ha

30、ve to your bag when you enter a foreign country. defeat v./ n.1.He defeated the champion in three sets.2.His words completely defeated me.3.The Party faces defeat in the election.击败，战胜使困惑win / beat /defeat win “赢得，获胜” ，后接奖品，奖金，名誉，财产 beat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人 defeat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人，（此用法同beat

31、）; 疾病等 1.Mary _ the first place in the competition.2. Our school _ their school at football.3. I _John at chess yesterday.won beat / defeatedbeat / defeated 1.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London-so famous, indeed that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约 翰 .斯 诺 曾 经 是

32、一 位 著 名 的 医 生 -他 的 确太 富 盛 名 了 ,以 至 于 维 多 利 亚 女 王 生 孩 子 时 都是 他 去 照 料 ,帮 助 她 顺 利 分 娩 .attend v.(1)to take care; give attention 注 意 ,留 意 . 如 :We ll attend to the solution of that problem later. (2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照 看 ,照 料 .如 :医 生 照 看 病 人 .The doctor attended (on / upon)

33、 the patients.(3)to be present at 出 席 ,到 场 . 如 :attend school 上 学attend a lecture 听 讲 座attend church 去 教 堂attend (at) a wedding 出 席 婚 礼 attend to 1.处理，办理 我有许多事情要处理。 2. 照顾，照料先生，有人接待你吗？ Are you being attended to ? If you go out, Ill attend to the baby. 3. 专心，注意 If you dont attend to the teacher,youll

34、never learn anything. attendance n. 照顾，出席I have some important things to attend to. 2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.exposed to cholera 在 句 子 中 是 过 去 分 词 用 作 后置 定 语 ,表 示 被 动 .意 为 “ 患 霍 乱 的 ” .如 :The book written by LuXun is very popular. 鲁 迅 写

35、 的 书 是 很 受 欢 迎 的 .昨 天 我 们 看 见 的 那 个 人 是 史 密 斯 先 生 .The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 发 散 思 维 ：exposed adj. 暴 露 的 ， 暴 露 于 风 雨 中 的 ，无 掩 蔽 的exposedness n. 暴 露 ， 显 露开 放 思 维 : expose to 使 易 受 ， 使 受 expose sth to the light of day 把 某 事 暴 露 于 光 天 化 日 之 下 expose a fraud 揭 穿 骗 局 1. Miles of sa

36、nd are exposed at low tide.2.The people of some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004.3. He exposed the crime to the police.4. He exposed the plan to the newspsper.to uncoverto make suffer to make known 3.This was the most deadly disease of its day. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dead

37、ly adj. (1).dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease / weapon (2). highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论 (3). aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敌人 adv. (1). Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 (2). like death 死一般地: deadly pal

38、e 死一般苍白 4.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在 这 里 是 连 词 ， 引 导 时 间 状 语 从 句 ，意 为 “ 每 次 ， 每 当 ”e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每 次 见 到 他 ， 我 就 想 起 发 生 在 我 们 之 间 的 事 情 。 注 意 : immediately, the moment, direc

39、tly, instantly 等 与 every time一 样 ， 都 可 以 用 作 连 词 引 导 时间 状 语 从 句 ， 意 为 “ 一 .就 ” 。 如 ：I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我 一 见 到 他 就 把 这 封 信 给 他 。I came directly I got your letter.我 一 接 到 你 的 信 就 来 了 。 4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with the

40、ir meals .absorb.into 吸 收 如 ：e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 这 家 大 公 司 逐 渐 将 这 些 小 的 公 司 吞 并 了 。 absorb v. (1)吸 收 （ 液 体 ） ；Water absorbs oxygen.(2) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.(3) The book absorbed

41、his attention.(4) The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 理 解 ,接 受吸 引 (注 意 力 , 兴 趣 等 )使 并 入 ,吞 并 be ed in 被吸引；专心于；全神贯注于某事 如:He is absorbed in his book.The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 他 发 现 在 两 条 街 道 上 霍 乱 流 行 的 特 别厉 害 ， 在 十 天 之 内 就 死 去 了 五 百 多 人 。5.He found that

42、 in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days. severe adj. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 严 厉 的 ； 苛 刻 的 ； 严 格 的 . 如 :The severe trainer has gone abroad. You can breathe freely again.(2)causing sharp discomfort o

43、r distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 剧 痛 的 ， 剧 烈 的 ，严 重 的 ， 难 熬 的 如 :a severe attack of toothache.要 求 苛 严 的 教 官 已 经 出 国 .你 可 以 完 全 放 心 。 牙 痛 的 剧 烈 发 作 。 这 张 地 图 提 供 了 一 条 说 明 霍 乱 起 因 的 很 有价 值 的 线 索 。6. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.valuable(1)adj. wor

44、th of a lot of money 值 钱 的 ， 贵 重 的 如 ：The watch is valuable. 这 表 很 值 钱 。a valuable diamond. 贵 重 的 钻 石 。 (2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如:valuable information(3)n. (常 用 复 数 形 式 )sth that worth a lot of money. 如 :Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.重 大 的 消 息凯 西 把 她 的 贵 重 物 品 藏 在 保 险 箱 里 . 7.

45、 It seemed the water was to blame.看 来 霍 乱 的 流 行 要 归 罪 于 饮 水 了 。be+动 词 不 定 式 ， 可 以 表 示 该 做 或 不 该 做 的 事情 ， 相 当 于 must, should, ought to 等 。 如 ：No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.没 有 警 察 的 允 许 谁 也 不 准 离 开 这 栋 楼 。You are not to drop litter in the park.公 园 里 不 允 许 乱 丢 纸

46、 屑 。受到责备，主动表被动 8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其 次 ， 约 翰 .斯 诺 调 查 了 这 两 条 街 的 水 源 。look into 往 .里 面 看 ； to investigate 检查 ； 了 解 。 如 ：We ll look into this matter together.我 们 将 一 起 调 查 这 个 问 题 。 开 放 思 维 ：look on 观 看 ， 面 向 ， 旁 观 ， 看 待look out 面 朝 ， 留 神 ， 照 料l

47、ook over 从 上 面 看 ， 察 看 ， 检 查look around 环 顾 ， 观 光 ， 察 看look through 看 穿 ， 审 核 ， 浏 览 ， 温 习look up and down 仔 细 打 量 ， 到 处 寻 找look after 寻 求 ， 照 顾 ， 关 心 9.In addition, he found two other deaths in another parts of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.除 此 之 外 ， 他 发 现 在 伦 敦 的 另 一 个 地 方 有

48、两个 死 亡 的 病 例 与 宽 街 爆 发 的 霍 乱 有 关 联 。in addition adv. as well as 另 外 如 ：I paid 100 Yuan in addition. In addition to English, he has to study a second language. The teacher in addition to two students _at the meeting.was 6. Your composition is quite good _several mistakes in spelling.A.besides B. exce

49、pt C. addition to D. except for7. I care for nothing _ the one you bought for me yesterday.A.in addition B. as well as C. besides D. apart fromD D（）besides(2) except for linkto. 把 与 连 接 ； 联 系 如 ：Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指 纹 证 实 了 嫌 疑 犯 的 犯 罪 事 实 。be linked to 连 接 如 ：The two towns

50、 are linked by a railway. 10.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.announce v. to make known publicly 如 ：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.有 了 这 个 证 据 ， 约 翰 .斯 诺 就 能 够 肯 定 的 宣 布 ，这 种 被 污 染 的 水 携 带 病 毒 。机 长 宣 布 飞 机 就 要 着 陆 了 。 11.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练习) 1.Finish the exercises on your book.2.Review