论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征主义onsymbolisminthegreatgatsby英语论学士学位论文

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1、本科生毕业论文（设计）册 学院 XXX学院 专业 英语教育 班级 XXXX英语教育1班 学生 XX 指导教师 XXX XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编 号： 论文（设计）题目：On Symbolism in The Great Gatsby 学院： XXX学院 专业： 英语教育 班级： XXX英语教育1班 学生姓名： XXX 学号： XXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称：教授 1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是探讨象征主义在了不起的盖茨比中的应用。其主要任务是通过分析具有象征意义的意象来更深刻的理解小说的主题。2、论文（设计）的主要内容本论文分为三章，第一章分析具有象

2、征意义的事物，第二章分析具有象征意义的颜色，最后一章分析具有象征意义的人物。3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线本论文的基础条件是不同的文学家及评论家对菲茨杰拉德及其作品了不起的盖茨比的研究结果。 研究路线是对小说中的象征主义从不同的类别进行详细、系统的分析，并将其与小说主题相结合以更深刻的理解小说。4、主要参考文献Fitzgerald. F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2007.Miller, James. F. Scott Fitzgerald: His Art and His Technique.

3、New York: University Press, 1964.李希.论了不起的盖茨比中的色彩描写在刻画人物的中的作用.外国义学研究, 2002.吴建国. 菲茨杰拉德研究. 上海外语教育出版社, 2002.5、计划进度阶段起止日期1确定初步论文题目3月16日前2与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字3月16日-3月23日3提交论文提纲3月23日-3月30日4交初稿和文献综述3月30日-4月20日5交终稿和评议书5月8日前指 导 教师： 年 月 日教研室主任： 年 月 注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份 XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书 XXX 学院 英

4、语教育 专业 XXXX 届学生姓名XX论文（设计）题目On Symbolism in The Great Gatsby指导教师XXX专业职称 教授所属教研室高年级教研室研究方向英美文学课题论证：从具有象征意义的事物、颜色、人物等方面论证了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义。方案设计：第一章分析具有象征意义的事物，第二章分析具有象征意义的颜色，第三章分析具有象征意义的人物。进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目3月23日前写开题报告、任务书3月30日前提交论文提纲4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述5月8日前交终稿和评议书指导教师意见：指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见：教研室主任签名： 年 月 日XXXX大

5、学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓 名XX学院XXX学院专业英语教育年级（班）XXX英语教育1班论 文 题 目On Symbolism in The Great Gatsby完成时间XXXX/5/8论文内容摘要了不起的盖茨比是菲兹杰拉德的著作，被普遍认为是美国最杰出小说之一，在美国文学史上占有重要地位。这篇小说就思想和写作手法而言都可堪称是一部完美之作。菲兹杰拉德精湛的艺术手法和风格简直无懈可击，在象征手法的使用上更是取得很大成功。此篇论文则正是尝试着对小说中的象征手法进行详细，系统的分析。象征主义是很重要的文学技巧，可极大地有助于刻画人物及揭露主题，因此常被作者们使用。菲兹杰拉德就用了一系列的

6、象征精确的刻画了20世纪20年代物质主义潮流下人类道德的堕落，也深入的阐明了咆哮的爵士时代下美国梦的注定幻灭。这篇论文，通过结合人物和主题等来详细分析作品中的象征主义。在文中主要从具有象征意义的事物，颜色，人物三大类别来分析，每类分别包含了小说中那些重要的象征意象。指导教师评语 年 月 日指 导 教 师职称初评成绩答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录： 记录人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组意见： 组长签字： 年 月 日学院意见： 评定成绩： 签章 年 月 日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述Literature ReviewAs a famous classic novel, The G

7、reat Gatsby has aroused wide attention and fervent discussion with a great diversity of critical perspectives applied to analyze it since its publication. T. S. Eliot praises it to be the first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James. And Richard Culler comments that The Great Gatsby

8、has become so much a fact of American literature，so much a permanent presence, a persistent influence that it is almost impossible to imagine contemporary American fiction without Jay Gatsby. No other figure in our literature has become so eponymous. Robert Ornstein also speaks highly of it by remar

9、king that Fitzgerald did create a myth with the imagination sweep of Americas historical adventure across an untamed continent. Chang Yaoxin, a famous Chinese professor also thinks that Fitzgerald found intuitively, in his personal experience, the embodiment of that of the nation and created a myth

10、out of American life.Of course, there are also some disapproving opinions on the novel. For instance, H.L. Mencken criticizes the hero Gatsby in the novel thinking that he is too disputable to be a literary protagonist. Many other critics also hold disagreeable perspectives on both Fitzgerald and Ga

11、tsbys life style of self-indulgence and Fitzgeralds commercial intention which leads to a complete ruin of his writing talents. Baumgarten also comments the novel that it was dropped from the modern library because I failed to sell. While all in all, the favorable views exceed those opposed ones and

12、 its profound significance can not be neglected.For so many years, lots of critics from different fields have made enormous studies on this novel and come to their own distinct conclusions by focusing on different aspects. A majority of the critics deal with the analysis of the novels themes, practi

13、cally the theme of American dream. Maybe a very early influential study on the novel is Marius Bewleys Scott Fitzgeralds Criticism of America. It is a significant review article mainly dealing with the novel from the point of the American experience and the American Dream. Marius Bewley says that, T

14、he Great Gatsby is an exploration of the American dream as it exits in a corruption period.the essence of the American dream whose tragedy Gatsby is enacting is that it lives in a past and a future that never exists, and is helpless in the present that does. Mary Jo Tate also thinks that the novels

15、significance lies in its quest of the American dream. Robert Ornstein takes this novel for a drama which depicts the corruption of American Dream in a collapsed society. In China, there are also many critics paying attention to the same theme in the novel. For example, Diao Keli remarks that the the

16、me of it is the pursuit of American dream and the desertion of American dream. Wang Yujuan also makes a comment that the dream of Gatsby is also the dream of all typical Americans, while the defeat of Gatsby is in fact also the loss of all Americans. Zhang Lilong, as a Chinese celebrated scholar of

17、American literature, says that The Great Gatsby is actually a recall and summary of the changing process of the American Dream.Besides the American Dream, the themes involving love, money, materialism are also discussed. Many articles concentrate on its themes. The example can be displayed by the co

18、llection of critical essays about Scott Fitzgerald: The Promise of Life compiled by Robert Lee including Roger Lewiss Money, Love and Aspiration in The Great Gatsby and Susan Resneck Pans The Idea of Order at West Egg which indicates the themes through the text. The comprehensive analysis of these t

19、hemes about the novel has offered helpful foundation for many critical discussions.What is more, many other sides about the novel including its structure, language style, narrative techniques are also explored. Susan Resneck Parr commends Fitzgerald for his delicate structure with paying attention t

20、o every detail and creatively linking the past and the current life together. George Garrett celebrates the novels peculiar dialogues and monologues in his Fire and Freshness: A Matter of Style. The unique narrative techniques are also drawn attention, especially the narrative point of view. David S

21、eed thinks highly of this technique for the presentation of Nick Carraway who plays an important part in presenting and judging every characters and everything.Then reviewers also conduct a study of the novel from .feminist perspective. L.A. Field has a deep discussion about the sex in the novel and

22、 analyses it from feminist point of view. P.G. Slater also argues against the former attitudes towards Daisy who is traditionally thought to be a material and hollow lady. Meanwhile, others explore Gatsby from psychological point of view. Afterwards, some new critical theories and methods including

23、post-modernism, new historicism, and cultural criticism are employed to study the novel. The outstanding critics in this field are B. Brecht and M. Bakhtin. Myth-archetypal criticism is also applied to the novel by analyzing the archetypal motifs in order to tell the myths and hidden archetypes of t

24、he novel. Moreover, the Western Marxist Criticism is adopted to analyze the novel by many people. Professor Dong Hengxun suggests that it is beneficial to analyze Fitzgerald and his works from Western Marxist perspectives. But the conclusion drawn from this perspective is more likely to associate wi

25、th politics.Another obbligato analysis of the novel is symbolism perfectly employed in the novel by Fitzgerald. As a matter of matter, symbols such as the valley of ashes, Dr. T. J. Eckleburgs eyes, Gatsbys mansion, the colors of green, yellow, white, and some actions, closes are discussed frequentl

26、y by the researchers. But many of the symbolic analysis are not all-inclusive and separate from other aspects. So in this thesis, the intention is to have a systematic exploration of symbolism in the novel by analyzing the most representative symbols in detail as well as associating them with the th

27、emes of the novel thus having a further track of the corrupt American dream and the immortal society in the Jazz Age.本科生毕业论文设计题目：论了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义作者姓名： XX 指导教师： XXX 所在学院： XXX学院 专业（系）： 英语教育 班级（届）： XXX届 完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 8 日 On Symbolism in The Great GatsbyBYChen Wei Prof. XXXX, TutorA Thesis Submitted to

28、Department of English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in English At XXXXUniversityMay 8th, XXXAbstractThe Great Gatsby written by F. Scott. Fitzgerald is generally considered as one of the most excellent American novels occupying an important

29、 position in American literature. It can be taken as a perfect work either in terms of ideas or writing techniques. Fitzgeralds exquisite artistic techniques and style are unexceptionable, especially his successful employment of symbolism. This thesis just attempts to make a detailed and systematic

30、analysis of symbolism used in the novel. Symbolism is such a valuable literary technique which can provide a great help in depicting characters and revealing themes that it is frequently adopted by writers. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald just uses a series of symbolic images to have an accurate des

31、cription on human beings moral decadence under the circumstance of materialism being the main trend of the society in the 1920s and to have a deep illustration on the inevitable corruption of American dream in the roaring Jazz Age. So in this thesis, symbolism will be analyzed in detail by associati

32、ng with related characters and themes. On the whole, three large categories of symbols including objects, colors and characters are discussed and each category respectively consists of some most important images with symbolic meanings in the novel.Key words symbol American dream corruption摘要了不起的盖茨比是

33、菲兹杰拉德的著作，被普遍认为是美国最杰出小说之一，在美国文学史上占有重要地位。这篇小说就思想和写作手法而言都可堪称是一部完美之作。菲兹杰拉德精湛的艺术手法和风格简直无懈可击，在象征手法的使用上更是取得很大成功。此篇论文则正是尝试着对小说中的象征手法进行详细，系统的分析。象征主义是很重要的文学技巧，可极大地有助于刻画人物及揭露主题，因此常被作者们使用。菲兹杰拉德就用了一系列的象征精确的刻画了20世纪20年代物质主义潮流下人类道德的堕落，也深入的阐明了咆哮的爵士时代下美国梦的注定幻灭。这篇论文，通过结合人物和主题等来详细分析作品中的象征主义。在文中主要从具有象征意义的事物，颜色，人物三大类别来分析

34、，每类分别包含了小说中那些重要的象征意象。关键词 象征 美国梦 衰败Table of ContentsAbstract.iiiAbstract in Chinese.ivIntroduction.1Chapter I. Objects with symbolic meanings .5A. Symbol of the Green Light.5B. Symbol of the West Egg and East Egg.6C. Symbol of the Valley of Ashes.7D. Symbol of the Eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg.9E. S

35、ymbol of the Car.10Chapter II. Colors with symbolic meanings .12A. Symbol of the White.12B. Symbol of the Black.13C. Symbol of the Yellow13D. Symbol of the Blue14E. Symbol of the Grey14Chapter III. Characters with symbolic meanings .15A. Symbol of Daisy15B. Symbol of Gatsby.16C. Symbol of Tom.17D. S

36、ymbol of Nick.18Conclusion .19Notes .21Bibliography .2213IntroductionF. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the greatest American novelists. Many scholars think that he is the third greatest modern American novelist, only next to Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. Fitzgeralds life is relatively short but

37、 carries a kind of epic glory. He dose have some defects, while which can not surpass his merits, so he still can be regarded as a hero of his particular age. Although his writing career is only about 20 years, he has created four classic novels and more than 160 brilliant short stories thus making

38、him a distinguished novelist in the 20th century. He struggles indefatigably all his life in order to achieve his American dream and of course during the struggling process, there are setbacks and helplessness, success and failure. Most characters created by him in the novels are also the post-war y

39、outh pursuing the American dream, so these characters have a close link with him in terms of life experience and spirit. His success and failure are dramatically displayed in his works which meanwhile condense concretely a whole generations happiness and sorrow. As he reproduces accurately and vivid

40、ly the American society and the broken American dream in the 1920s, he is taken as a representative of the lost generation, a writer laureate in 1920s, an excellent chronicler, and a spokesman of the rip-roaring Jazz Age by his contemporary and later ones.In American history, the Jazz Age refers to

41、the period from the end of World War I (1918) to the Great Depression (1929). After World War I, the United States enters a transient phase of unprecedented prosperity with economic boom and material affluence. This decade is considered as the most libertine and florid era in American history. Howev

42、er, at the same time, people particularly the young generation strongly feels disoriented and lost in the Jazz Age under the circumstance which is described by people as the god is dead, the war has ended, and all beliefs completely collapse. The society is filled with moral depravity and the young

43、are at sea. They no longer believe in god and traditional ethics, while the new values have not taken shape, so they only trust in their own feelings, and they also fully enjoy the luxury life brought by the postwar economic prosperity. In this age, people are spiritual emptiness but dream to become

44、 a millionaire overnight and the pursuit of material satisfaction as well as the carpe diem becomes the social fashion. Consequently, the young generation just abandons the traditional morals and values, and put themselves into a luxury and dissipated life by indulging in alcohol, profligate sex and

45、 so on. They are enthusiastic in pursuit of joy and excitement, but beneath these crazy pursuits of pleasure, the despair and nothingness exist and extend in their deep heart. Fitzgerald is no other than a symbolic character of this age which is named by him as the Jazz Age.Fitzgeralds famous work T

46、he Great Gatsby is the very mournful song to this age. The novel makes a vivid description to this roaring age which is full of behavioral spree and spiritual disturbance. Under the glorious prosperity, readers can still feel the hidden spiritual crisis, as Fitzgerald says that the stories coming fr

47、om his mind all contain a certain kind of disaster, and in his novel, the lovely young people are on the way to destruction.The Great Gatsby is published in 1925, and creates quite a stir in the whole society. Many literary masters of that time such as T. S. Eliot, Edith Wharton, and Gertrude all gi

48、ve high praises to it. T. S. Eliot comments the novel after reading it for three times that it is the first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James.1 The great writer Earnest Hemingway has used about forty-five pages to give a record of the process of his acquaintance with Fitzgerald

49、in his work and he also says that since Fitzgerald is able to write a good work like The Great Gatsby, so he believes Fitzgerald can write a better one. If we know how harsh critics T. S. Eliot and Earnest Hemingway are, we would not be difficult to grasp the carrying weight and significance in thes

50、e words.This novel depicts a story happening in New York in the 1920s. The hero Gatsby is born in a poor family but he is ambitious in achieving his dream by persistent and continuous struggle. Then he accumulates a great fortune through illegal actions. He attempts to recreate the happy past with D

51、aisy but only ends up with corrupt dream and death. Fitzgerald reveals the corruption of American dream through the hero Gatsby. The American dream associates American people with bright future and it is generally thought to be easier realized with the help of material wealth. But it is not the case

52、 for Gatsby, because he does not understand the actual role of wealth plays in the realistic society. The American dream and bright future believed by Gatsby are illusory and they are antipathetic to reality. Gatsbys life experience is just a true reflection of an entire societys. In a word, Gatsbys

53、 tragedy is the tragedy of both the American dream and the jazz age, and to some extent, it is a microcosm of a whole generations life journey at that time.As a real portrayal of the Jazz Age, the novel is actually comprised of only about fifty thousand English words. But it dose profoundly reflect

54、the disillusionment of American dream and help to establish Fitzgeralds prominent status in literature history and is also still widely read by people up to now. The reason why this novel achieves such a resplendent success is undoubtedly owing to Fitzgeralds delicate writing techniques.Many authori

55、tative critics and famous writers speak highly of the novels artistic originality and value. Wilson says to Fitzgerald in a letter that there is no doubt that The Great Gatsby is the best book he writes with the most sophisticated conceive, vivid depiction, and graceful language. The eminent literat

56、ure historian Brooks also remarks that this novel is Fitzgeralds best work and is very ingenious and affords for thought and the plot as well as the characters are unforgettable. The novel is universally accepted as Fitzgeralds most mature work in ideas and craftsmanship for he has overcome his earl

57、y works imperfection of plain connotation and has perfectly used some writing techniques such as impressionism and symbolism.It is true that one of the most remarkable successes of the novel is the employment of symbolism. The symbols make his work surpass the narrow individual sensation and establi

58、sh a link between subjectivity and objectivity and magnify the personal experience by endowing universality to characters. Therefore a critic says that the abundant symbols in Fitzgeralds work make us have to stop to read it over and over again, and only by doing so can we understand the symbolic me

59、anings in plot.Symbolism is an important literary trend springing up in France in the late 19th century. Before Word War I, symbolism becomes popular in Europe and spreads to the art field. Symbol in literature and art refers to showing the similar concepts, thoughts or feelings through a particular

60、ly specific image. Its main feature lies in the use of a certain kind of similarity or relation between symbols and original contents in order to make the original contents gain an intense and concentrated expression. In The Great Gatsby, it is easy to find that Fitzgerald has employed a lot of symbols which function quite well in conveying the authors ide