2021-2021学年高中英语（外研版）必修一高考分类题库：阅读理解

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1、一、科普知识类- 1 -二、广告宣传类- 21 -三、政治经济类类- 36 -四、人物传记类- 42 -五、文化教育类- 48 -六、社会生活类- 72 -七、环境保护类- 142 -八、文学艺术类- 156 -考点3 阅读理解一、科普知识类(全国卷阅读理解B)话题:房间设计和体重词数:321W难度:Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep the

2、m off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when theyre in poor

3、ly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food .If your home doesnt have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those i

4、n a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint,go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through thei

5、r meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily

6、 make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.【文章大意】你的房间的灯光、颜色等和用餐时摄入的量有关,

7、所以和你的体重有关。25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about.A.their home comforts B.their body shapeC.house buying D.healthy diets【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,专家认为房间的设计和体重的增减有关,所以这篇文章对关心体型的人有帮助。26.A home environment in blue can help people.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more calo

8、riesD.regain their appetites【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知,在蓝色房间用餐的人们比在黄色或红色房间用餐的人们吃得少。27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly. B.Play fast music.C.Use smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段可知,明亮的环境会使人减少食物的摄入。根据第四段可知,慢吃且听放松的音乐比快吃好。另外,最后一段告诉我们用小号的餐具也会使我们吃得少。28.What can be

9、a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们一个人的房间的灯光、颜色等和用餐时摄入的量有关。即与你的胖瘦有关。(安徽卷阅读理解C)话题:科普知识词数:288难度:As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store inf

10、ormation,are people remembering less?If you know your computer will save information,why store it in your own personal memory,your brain?Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study,Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments.She and her researc

11、h team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.In the first experiment,they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer.The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information.The second group understood that the computer would not save it.Later,the

12、second group remembered the information better.People in the first group knew they could find the information again,so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment,the researchers gave people facts to remember,and told them where to find the information on the computer.The information was i

13、n a specific computer folder(文件夹).Surprisingly,people later remembered the folder location(位置)better than the facts.When people use the Internet,they do not remember the information.Rather,they remember how to find it.This is called“transactive memory(交互记忆)”.According to Sparrow,we are not becoming

14、people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.Instead,computer users are developing stronger transactive memories;that is,people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date.This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less

15、 intelligent,but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.【文章大意】本文是论说文。文章通过对专家Sparrow的实验和研究发现的阐述,说明互联网不是使人的记忆力下降了,而是使人们记忆信息的方式发生了改变。64.The passage begins with two questions to.A.introduce the main topicB.show the authors attitudeC.describe how to use the InternetD.explain how to stor

16、e information【解析】选A。逻辑结构题。根据第一段提出的两个问题,结合文章后几段的内容,可知文章对这两个问题进行了讨论、解决。可见第一段提出的这两个问题的目的是介绍文章的主要话题。故选A。65.What can we learn about the first experiment?A.The Sparrows team typed the information into a computer.B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.C.The first group did not try to reme

17、mber the information.D.The second group did not understand the information.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“参与实验的第一组的人员因知道他们可以在电脑里再次找到他们需要的信息,所以他们没试图记住它”可知第一组的人没试图记住这些信息。故选C。66.In transactive memory,people.A.keep the information in mindB.change the quantity of informationC.organize information like a computerD.re

18、member how to find the information【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知“交互记忆”就是人们在使用网络时并不试图记住一些信息,而是记住如何找到某些信息。这说明在“交互记忆”中人们记住的是如何找到某些信息。故选D。67.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows research?A.We are using memory differently.B.We are becoming more intelligent.C.We have poorer memories than before.

19、D.We need a better way to access information.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段Sparrow的研究发现可知不是人们的记忆力差了,而是人们记忆信息的方式正在发生改变,也就是说人们在使用不同的方式来记忆信息。故选A。(北京卷阅读理解C)话题:透明生物词数:430W难度:Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically li

20、ve between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless theyre ea

21、ting it,or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射)lig

22、ht,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light,at least not very much.Light can pa

23、ss through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water.You dont see ityou see the things behind it.To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light

24、 because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments,so its tissues wont absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different m

25、aterialsskin,fat,and moreand light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter li

26、ght,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water d

27、oes.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文,文章解释了生活在海洋里的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。63.According to Paragraph 1,transparent an

28、imals.A.stay in groupsB.can be easily damagedC.appear only in deep oceanD.are beautiful creatures【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch可知,大多数透明动物特别脆弱,轻轻接触都会对它们造成伤害,故选B。64.The underlined word“dead”in Paragraph 3 means.A.silentlyB.graduallyC.regu

29、larly D.completely【解析】选D。词义猜测题。由第三段可知,有些动物可以延缓并散射光线,使光线偏离以前的轨道,另一些动物会吸收光线,使其dead止于以前的轨道上。根据这个逻辑关系dead应为“完全”止于以前的轨道上,故选择D项。65.One way for an animal to become transparent is to.A.change the direction of light travelB.gather materials to scatter lightC.avoid the absorption of lightD.grow bigger to stop

30、 light【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段中的句子To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light可知,一个动物想要变得透明就要避免它的身体散射或吸收光线,因此C项是其中的一个方法,即避免吸收光线,故选C。66.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals.A.move more slowly in deep waterB.stay see-through even after deat

31、hC.produce more tissues for their survivalD.take effective action to reduce light spreading【解析】选D。推理判断题。由最后一段可知,对于体形较大的动物来说,保持透明是一个积极的过程,需要减少光线的传播,所以答案为D。(江苏卷阅读理解B)话题:电子废品词数:390W难度:In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mo

32、untain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic g

33、oods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher inso-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled a

34、nd the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the mater

35、ial contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes th

36、at most waste is dangerous in that“the production,distribution,and use of productsas well as management of the resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance,buying reusable products and recycling.In many

37、 countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governmentsincentive to r

38、equire producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governmentspoint of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended pr

39、oducer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.【文章大意】文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。58. By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that.A.the weight of e-goods is rather smal

40、lB.e-waste deserves to be made good use ofC.natural minerals contain more precious metalsD.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知尽管这种电子产品的重量相对小,但是金及其他珍贵金属的含量很高,故选B合适。59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.A.from producers to governmentsB.

41、from governments to producersC.from individuals to distributorsD.from distributors to governments【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知电子废品管理的费用和责任要从政府和纳税人转移给生产者。60. What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The increase in e-waste.B.The creation of e-waste.C.The seriousness of e-waste.D.The management of e-waste.

42、【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章最后一段点出了文章的主旨:电子废品的管理问题。(浙江卷阅读理解B)话题:图表词数:602W难度:Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information,especially numbers,percentages,and other data.A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret.That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.Graphs can

43、 seem frightening,but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story.The graph has a title,a main idea,and supporting details.You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.Most graphs have a few basic parts:a caption or introduction paragraph,a title

44、,a legend or key,and labeled axes.An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data.Captions will usually tell you where the data came from(for example,a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005).Captions usually summarize the authors main point

45、as well.The title is very important.It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown.A legend,also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.Many graphs,including bar graphs and line graphs,have two axes that form a corner.Usually t

46、hese axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph.Each axis will always have a label.The label tells you what each axis measures.Bar GraphsA bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts.In Graph 1,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned,and the y-axis shows how many st

47、udents earned each grade.You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement.There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).Line GraphsA line graph looks similar to a bar graph,but instead of bars,it plots p

48、oints and connects them with a line.It has the same parts as a bar graphtwo labeled axesand can be read the same way.To read a line graph,its important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points.This type of graph is most commonly used to show how somethi

49、ng changes over time. Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration(See Graph 2).The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days.The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers.Thus we can see that,on the first day,the pipit flew 20 kilometer

50、s.The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled down,as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before.This line graph is a quick,visual way to tell the reader about the birds

51、 migration.Pie GraphsA typical pie graph looks like a circular pie.The circle is divided into sections,and each section represents a fraction of the data.The graph is commonly used to show percentages;the whole pie represents 100 percent,so each piece is a fraction of the whole.A pie graph might inc

52、lude a legend,or it might use icons or labels within each slice.This pie graph shows one months expenses(See Graph 3).Food $ 25Movies $ 12Clothing $ 36Savings $ 20Books $ 7【文章大意】本文介绍了图表的结构和用途,并举例加以说明。46.When used in a graph,a legend is.A.a guide to the symbols and colorsB.an introduction paragraphC.

53、the main ideaD.the data【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的A legend,also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.可知A项正确。47.What is the total number of students who earned a C or better?A.4.B.6.C.10.D.20.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据图表1可知得A的学生有6人,得B的学生有10人;得C的学生有4人,所以得C或C以上的学生共有20人。48.The bird covered t

54、he longest distance on.A.Day 1 B.Day 2C.Day 3 D.Day 4【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据图表2可以看出这只鸟在第三天飞行的距离最长,所以C正确。49.Which of the following cost Amy most?A.Food. B.Books.C.Movies.D.Clothing.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据图表3可知Amy花在衣服上的钱是最多的。(天津卷阅读理解B)话题:社交机器人词数:318难度:Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to be

55、come a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much more like companions

56、than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make

57、requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions;it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not

58、just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The companys“Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a

59、store,which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But

60、Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal.【文章大意】社交机器人在未来的几年里会变得越来越普遍,给人们生活带来很大变化。41.How are social robots different from household robots?A.T

61、hey can control their emotions.B.They are more like humans.C.They do the normal housework.D.They respond to users more slowly.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段可知家用机器人做一些家务,而社交机器人更像是人类的伙伴,能分辨人的喜怒哀乐。42.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A.Communicate with you and perform operations.B.Answer your quest

62、ions and make requests.C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和最后一句可知,你可以要求Jibo机器人执行各种任务,它能够提醒人们服药。43.What can Oshbot work as?A.A language teacher.B.A tour guide.C.A shop assistant.D.A private nurse.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段第二句话可知,这

63、种机器人能帮助顾客在商店购物,帮忙找要买的东西和确定东西所在的位置,由此推断是购物助手。44.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will.A.train employees B.be our workmatesC.improve technologiesD.take the place of workers【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后Breazeal的话可知,训练的机器人不是为我们工作的,而是和我们一起工作的,故答案B正确。45.What does the passage mainly present?A.A

64、new design idea of household robots.B.Marketing strategies for social robots.C.Information on household robots.D.An introduction to social robots.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章开头提到社交机器人会越来越普遍,接下来介绍了几种不同的机器人以及它们的功能,故答案D正确。(四川卷阅读理解E)话题:建筑词数:404W难度:No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rocknroll.Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand,the scientists say.“Technically,I think what theyre proposing is possible