皮肤性病学课件：01 皮肤的结构和功能 英文班

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1、Dermatology and venereologyPurpose of general introduction 1.Grasp：Structure of skin Function of skin Primary and secondary lesion of skin diseases Principles for topical application of dermatoses2.Familiar：Form of topical drugsType and mechanism of antihistamine drugs Skin care and cosmetology3.und

2、erstand：Etiology of dermatosesMedical history writing and physical examination of dermatosesPrevention of dermatosesChapter 1 Introduction of dermatology and venereology 1.Definition of DematovenerologyDermatovenerology:Includeing Dermatology and Venereology.Dermatology：Research on skin and appendag

3、es and other relevant subjects.Study on the structure and function of normal skin and appendages and etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,prevention and treatment of various dermatoses and appendages diseases.1.Definition of DematovenerologyVenereology:Including etiology,pathogenes

4、is,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and prevention of various sexually transmitted diseases(STD).2.History of DematovenerologyIs dermatovenerology a small department?Dermatovenerology belonged to internal medicine and surgical department at the earliest;Dermatovenerology has become an independent d

5、epartment since 20th Century;Dermatovenerology developed rapidly and formed many new branches during the second half of 20th Century.3.Characteristics of Dematovenerology Skin is the largest organ of the human,with high incidence rate；There are many kinds of dermatoses:More than 2000 species；The eti

6、ology is complex:Exogenous,endogenous；Clinical manifestation is intuitive；Impact on the patients quality of life5D Influence pattern(Disfigurement,discomfort,depression,death,disablement).How to learn dermatology?Serious observationSummary,classification；Combination of macroscopic and microscopic vi

7、ew；Learn basic knowledge,grasp key diseases；Comprehensive knowledge system.Chapter 2:Structure and function of skin Structure of skin1.OutlineSkin is covered on the body surface,which has important function；Skin is composed of three layers:the epidermis,ermis,and subcutaneous fatIncluding blood vess

8、els,nerves and lymph vessels,muscles and skin appendages such as hair,sebaceous glands,sweat glands,nails.1.OutlineSkin is the largest organ of the human body,accounting for 16%of ones weight,and the total area of skin is 1.5m2 in adult;The thickness of skin is 0.5-4mm,differences varies in individu

9、als,age,location；Skin grooves,skin ridges varies in individualsHairy thin skin and hairless thick skin;The color of skin varies in race,age,sex,nutrition,and location.Epidermis 1.Epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium，and is composed of keratinocytes,melanocytes,Langerhans cell and Merkel cell.

10、2.There are desmosomes and hemidesmosomes juncture between cells.Basement membrane zone(BMZ)establishes the boundary between epidermis and dermis.(1)Epidermis(Structure)1.Keratinocyte（80%of total epidermal cells）5.Stratum corneum4.Stratum spinosum3.Stratum granulosun2.Stratum spinosum1.Stratum basal

11、eEpidermal replacement time：28 days.2.Melanocyte1)located in the basal layer,the number of which is about 10%of the basal cells,there aremelanin granules,tyrosinase synthesizer;3)One melanocyte provides melanin(epidermal melanin unit)to 36 to 10 keratinocytes by dendritic processes;4)Protect skin an

12、d deep tissues from damage through blocking and reflecting UV.3.Langerhans cell 1)Derived from bone marrow monocyte-macrophage；2)Located in the epidermis and hair follicles,accounting for 3-5%of epidermal cells；3)Important immune active cells,antigen presenting cells；4.Merkel cell 1)Located between

13、basal cells；2)Meckel cell-axon complex,which is a kind of sensory nerve cell.5.Connection between epidermis and dermis1)Desmosome：the main structure to connect between keratinocytes.5.Connection between epidermis and dermis2)Hemi-desmosome：The main structure connect between the basal cell and the ba

14、sement membrane zone.5.Connection between epidermis and dermis3)Basement membrane zone（BMZ)：It can be seen by PAS staining,0.51m thick；4)Function：Tight junctions;barrier to permeation;Formation of a sub-epidermal blister due to dermis and epidermis separate when abnormity happened.DermisCollagen fib

15、erReticular fiberElastic fiberMatrix:proteoglycanCells:Fibroblast,Mast cell,Macrophage,Dermic arborescent cell,Langerhans cell,Pigmentophage,Lymphocyte,Leukocyte.Chorionitis3.Hypodermis(subcutaneous tissue)Located under the dermis;connected with fascia；Also known as subcutaneous fat layer；blood vess

16、els,lymphatic vessels，eccrine glands,apocrine glands；The thickness of fat varies in age and sex,location.4.AppendagesHair Sebaceous glandsEccrine glandsApocrine glandsNail(1)HairThey are distributed throughout all kin sites；Long hair,short hair,vellus hair；Hair shaft,hair root,hair bulb；hair cuticle

17、 and cortex and medulla;air growth cycle:Anagen（3y),Catagen（3w),Telogen（3m）；Speed 0.270.4mm/d;The traits and growth of hair are affected by genetic,health status,hormones,drugs,and climate.Hair growth cycle Anagen 3yGrowing phase Catagen 3wTransitional phase Telogen 3mResting phase（2）Sebaceous gland

18、sIt is composed of lobules of pale-staning cells with abundant lipid in their cytoplasm；Be found in greatest abundance on the face,scalp and back;They are distributed throughout all skin sites expect the palms and soles;Mainly regulated by hormones.（3）Sweet glandsEccrine glands are found at virtuall

19、y all skin sites,and are innervated by sympathetic nerve；Apocrine glands distribute in the armpit,umbilicus,perianal and areola area.(4)NailGrowth speed:Nail of finger 1cm/3month,toe nail 1cm/9 month(5)Vasculature,Muscles,Nerves of the skinNerves1)Nerves is comprised by sensory and motor fibers.2)Se

20、nsory nerve is divided into nerve corpuscles and terminationes nervorum liberae,the mechanism of sensory is very complex；3)Motor nerve is derived from sympathetic postganglionic fibers,dominanting activities of adnexal.Vascular1)Dermal microvascular and micro veins constitute the subpapillary plexus

21、(superficial plexus)and subdermal vascular plexus(deep vascular plexus)2)The blood vessels are layered,parallel to the surface of the skin,forming a wide range of anastomotic;3)Provide nourishment to skin and regulate temperatureLymphatic vessel andmuscles1)Skin lymphatic vessels are parallel to sev

22、eral major vascular vessels；Immune function.2)Arrectores pilorum is the main skin muscle；Function of skin Functions of skin ProtectionAbsorptionSensationSecretion and excretionTemperature regulationMetabolism and immue(1)Protection1)Physical protection;2)Chemical protection;3)Protection against path

23、ogenic micro-organisms;4)Prevent the loss of fluid,electrolyte and nutrient substance.(2)Absorption1)The corneum stratum,hair follicle and sebaceous gland are the main pathways;2)The absorption can be affected by some factors:structure and site of the skin,hydration of the corneum stratum,nature of

24、the substance environment factors.（3）SensationThe body can feel external stimuli such as heat,cold,pain,light touch,pressure,itch,and even tickle from the skin.（4）Secretion and excretion 1)Excretion of eccrine gland：2)Excretion of apocrine glands：3)Secretion and excretion of sebaceous gland：(5)Tempe

25、rature regulation(6)Metabolism1)Water metabolism2)Carbohydrate and salt metabolism3)Protein metabolism4)Lipid and vitamin metabolism5)Melanin metabolism(7)Immune fucntion1)The skin also plays an important role in immunization of body.2)The skin immune system includes immune cells and immune molecules；Thank for your attention！