上海五校2011届高中英语合作自主选拔通用基础测试

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1、上海五校2011届合作自主选拔通用基础测试英 语 试 题注意事项： 1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 Section I ReadingPart A Read the following textChoose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank(30 points) Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shaping the w

2、ay a person develops_1_ their view, child development is guided by both deliberate and _2_ learning experiences in the home, peer group, school, and communityTherefore, childhood growth is significantly _3_ by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to _4_ children in desirable waysAccording to

3、 learning theories, the same _5_ that explain how people can use a bicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control, reasoning strategies, and the _6_ skills of walking and runningOne kind of learning occurs when a childs actions are _7_ by a reward or puni

4、shmentA reward increases the probability that behavior will be repeatedFor example, a young child may _8_ draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after _9_ each oneA punishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeatedFor example, a child who touches a hot stove and

5、 burns his fingertips is not _10_ to touch the stove again_11_ kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a _12_ association between two eventsFor example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing _13_, children fear dogs whose barking has startled them

6、in the pastA third kind of learning _14_ of imitating the behavior of othersA boy may acquire his fathers _15_ of talking, his mothers tendency to roll her eyes, and his favorite basketball players moves _16_ the courtIn doing so, he also acquires _17_ about the consequences of these behaviorsLearni

7、ng theories provide extremely useful ways of understanding how developmental changes in behavior and thinking _18_ and, for some children, why behavior problems ariseThese theories can be studied scientifically and practically appliedCritics point out, _19_, that learning theorists sometimes neglect

8、 childrens _20_ role in their own understanding and development1 AFor BFrom CIn DWith 2Aunintended Buninvolved Cundiscovered Dunlimited 3Aachieved Bcreated Cdeveloped Dshaped 4Amoralize Brecognize Csocialize Dstandardize 5Aconsiderations Binstructions Cprinciples Dtendencies 6Aphysical Bpersonal Cor

9、iginal Dtechnical 7Adirected Bfollowed Cpursued Dtracked 8Acontinuously Bimmediately Coccasionally Dregularly 9Acompleting Bfulfilling Chandling Dobtaining 10Aliable Blikely Cpossible Dready 11AAnother BNext COne DOther 12Aemotional Bintellectual Cmental Dspiritual 13Acondition Blocation Cposition D

10、situation 14Acontains Bconsists Ccomprises Dcomposes 15Acustom Bmeans Ctype Dstyle 16Aover Bon Cin Dat 17Aestimations Bevaluations Cexplorations Dexpectations 18Aappear Bemerge Cexist Doccur 19Aaccordingly Bhowever Cmoreover Dtherefore 20Aactive Bdominant Cpositive Dsocial Part B In the following ar

11、ticle, some sentences or paragraphs have been removedFor questions 21 to 25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gapsThere is ONE which does not fit in any of the gaps(15 points) Horror stories about the food industry have long been with us ever since 1906

12、, when Upton Sinclairs landmark novel The Jungle told some ugly truths about how America produces its meatIn the century that followed, things got much better, and in some ways much worseThe U.Sagricultural industry can now produce unlimited quantities of meat and grains at remarkably cheap pricesBu

13、t it does so at a high cost to the environment, animals and humans21 Add to the price tag the acceleration of global warming our energy-intensive food system uses 19% of U.Sfossil fuels, more than any other sector of the economyAnd perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly bad for us, even dang

14、erous22 A food system that generates cheap, filling food at the expense of healthier produce is also a major cause of Americas widespread obesityAt a time when the nation is close to a civil war over health-care reform, obesity adds $147 billion a year to our doctor bills“The way we farm now is dest

15、ructive of the soil, the environment and us,” says Doug Gurian-Sherman, a senior scientist with the food and environment program at the Union of Concerned Scientists23 Film documentaries like the highly critical Food Incand the work of investigative journalists like Eric Schlosser and Michael Pollan

16、 are repeating Sinclairs work, awakening a sleeping public to the uncomfortable realities of how we eatChange is also coming from the very topFirst Lady Michelle Obamas White House garden has so far yielded more than 225 lbof organic produce and tons of powerful symbolism24 Sustainable food is also

17、more expensive than conventional food and harder to findAnd while large companies like General Mills have opened organic divisions, there is worry that the very definition of sustainability will be used by those companies only for their own goodBut we cant afford to remain in philosophizing about fo

18、odWith the exhaustion of the soil, the impact of global warming and the inevitably rising price of oil which will affect everything from fertilizer to supermarket electricity bills our industrial style of food production will end sooner or later25 Unless Americans radically rethink the way they grow

19、 and consume food, they face a future of damaged farmland, emptied-out countryside, terrifying germs, higher health costs and tasteless dietSustainable food has an litist reputation, but each of us depends on the soil, animals and plants and as every farmer knows, if you dont take care of your land,

20、 it cant take care of youASome Americans are paying attention to such warnings and working to transform the way the country eats farmers who are raising sustainable food in ways that dont bankrupt the earthBA series of recalls involving polluted foods this year including a case of salmonella poisoni

21、ng from tainted peanuts that killed at least eight people and sickened 600 has consumers rightly worried about the safety of their mealsCBut, despite increasing public awareness, sustainable agriculture remains a tiny enterprise: according to the most recent data from the U.SDepartment of Agricultur

22、e, less than 1% of American cropland is farmed organicallyDAnd when the rains come, the excess fertilizer that helped to take so much corn out of the ground will be washed into the Mississippi River and down into the Gulf of Mexico, where it will help kill fish for miles and miles aroundEThose hidde

23、n prices are the gradual damage of our rich farmland, cages for egg-laying chickens so packed that the birds cant even raise their wings and the horrible rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among farm animalsFAs the developing world grows richer, hundreds of millions of people will want to shift t

24、o the same calorie-heavy, protein-rich diet that has made Americans so unhealthy demand for meat and poultry worldwide is set to rise 25% by 2015 but the earth can no longer deliverPart C 26Read the following text and summarize it in ChineseYou should write approximately 200 characters(20 points) Wo

25、rd travels quickly in the small fishing village of Port Washington, WisconsinSo when Mardy McGarry wanted to build a playground for kids with special needs, she knew it wouldnt take long to create interest in the projectBut she never expected that 2,800 people a third of the town would roll up their

26、 sleeves and use their vacation days to bring her vision to life“A lot of learning comes through play,” says McGarry, 52, a special education teacher for 28 yearsBut her students were too often left outShed seen the wood chips and sand of traditional playgrounds stop wheelchairs dead in their tracks

27、McGarry started researching play equipment and contacting design firmsWhen a piece of land became available, the city council agreed to give a portion for a playground if she would build itMcGarry asked classrooms of kids for their wish list“They all said pirate ships,” she saysShe also asked physic

28、al, occupational, and speech specialists for their inputAnd she brought on board her friend Sue Mayer, whose eight-year-old son, Sam, is disabled“Neither of us is good at math, which is why $450,000 didnt sound like a lot of money,” McGarry says of the initial estimateHer Kiwanis Club came through w

29、ith $7,000, and thats when the grass-roots movement really got startedOne woman gave $25,000 and had her company match itSoon smaller businesses were joining inFamilies bought wood blocks for the fence at $30 apieceBricks for the walkways went for $50 to $750 eachThere were silent money-raising acti

30、vities, T-shirt sales, a coin drive, and a run-walk-and-roll-a-thonThe local Pieper Family Foundation offered to donate half of the remaining $170,000 balance if McGarry could raise the restThe $450,000 covered materials, but the actual construction would cost an additional $900,000Out of the questi

31、onBut the community could build itThe design firm theyd selected, Leathers & Associates, had sent a 164-page how-to binderAll McGarry needed now was 500 volunteers to work six 12-hour daysOn September 16, 2008, the first day of construction, they cameTwo women heard about the project from a friend o

32、n the way to work and took the day off to helpA couple in their 80s manned the tool trailerTen-year-olds sanded surfaces and cleared up wood pieces“It was truly an amazing week,” says McGarry“The site looked like an anthillSo many people can take ownership of this playground.” Only three “build capt

33、ains,” sent by Leathers & Associates, were paidVolunteers with “build experience” became coordinators, those who could operate power tools formed a separate group, and so on down to the “runners.” One team served meals donated from local restaurants and churches, and another organized activities for

34、 the children of volunteersToday, Possibility Playground is one of the most popular destinations in Ozaukee CountyThe finished wonderland, the length of a football field, sits on a slope overlooking Lake MichiganTheres a giant rocking pirate ship, a lighthouse, a rock-climbing wall, high and low rin

35、gs, monkey bars, palm drums, sandboxes, swings, slides, bridges, and slip roadsAll children play shoulder to shoulder“Its neat to see Tori fitting in,” says Charlene Landing of her five-year-old wheelchair-bound daughter“Some playgrounds have special equipment in a different sectionHere, you see all

36、 the kids on the same playground having fun.” Its exactly what McGarry wished for“People used to ask, Why do you want to build a playground just for children with disabilities?” she says“They didnt get itIts only when you build a playground for children with disabilities that you build one for all c

37、hildren.” Section II Writing Part A 27Translate the following text into English(10 points) 世界上最容易的事情，莫过于踩着别人的脚印走。这种因循守旧的人，永远不能走别人所没有走过的路，创造别人所没有创造的东西。只有敢于尝试、勇于创新，才能开启新的可能性。 Part B 28 Write an essay of 150 words in English, which is relevant to the idea conveyed in the Chinese text in Part A of this section(25 points)