Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用课件

《Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用课件（43页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Course 4資訊系統在實務上的應用資訊系統在實務上的應用李鍾斌1Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用IntroductionnThis chapter(Chapter 8)gives examples of how information is used in todays firmsnTransaction Processing Systems process data that describe the firms daily operations and produce a database used by other firm systemsnA related applicati

2、on is Customer Relationship Management(CRM)nCRM uses data warehousing,meaning data accumulates over time and can retrieved for use in decision making 2Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用THE TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMnThis term TPS is used to describe the IS that gathers data describing the firms activities,transf

3、orms the data into information,and makes the information available to users both inside and outside the firm nFigure 8.1 is a model of a TPS where data is gathered from the firms physical system and environment,and entered into a database nData processing software transforms the data into informatio

4、n for the firms management and for individuals and organizations in the firms environment3Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用4Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用System Overview nData flow diagrams(DFDs)are used to document the system in a hierarchical mannernThe diagram in Figure 8.2 represents the highest level,called a context dia

5、gram because it presents the system in the context of its environmentnThe data flowing from the distribution system to management consists of the standard accounting reports 5Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用6Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用The Major Subsystems of the Distribution System nWhile context diagrams define the syste

6、m boundary,other DFDs are used to describe the major subsystems in the firms data processesnWhen a series of DFDs are used in a hierarchy,they are called leveled DFDsnFigure 8.3 which is a Figure 0 diagram showing three major subsystemsnThese subsystems are identified by the numbered upright rectang

7、les in Figure 8.37Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用8Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用Systems That Fill Customer OrdersnFigure 8.4 shows the four main systems involved in filling customer orders:nThe order entry system enters customer orders into the system nThe inventory system maintains the inventory records nThe billing system

8、 prepares the customer invoices,and nThe accounts receivable system collects the money from the customers nFigure 8.4 expands Process 1 shown in the Figure 0 diagram,and is called a Figure 1 diagram 9Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用10Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用Systems That Order Replenishment Stock nThe subsystems concern

9、ed with ordering replenishment stock from suppliers are shown in Figure 8.5,which is called a Figure 2 diagram since it explodes Process 2 of the Figure 0 diagram nThe purchasing system issues purchase orders to suppliers for the needed stock nThe receiving system receives the stock,and nThe account

10、s payable system makes payment11Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用12Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用Systems That Perform General Ledger Processes nFigure 8.6 shows the detail for the last of the three processes in the Figure 0 diagramnThe general ledger system is the part of the accounting system that combines data from other ac

11、counting systems to present a composite financial picture of the firm.Two subsystems are involved:nThe update general ledger system posts records that describe the various actions and transactions to the general ledgernThe prepare management reports system uses the contents of the general ledger to

12、prepare the balance sheet and income statement 13Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用14Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMSnOther specialized information systems used in a firm include the marketing information system(MKIS)and the human resources information system(HRIS)nAnother IS that is implemented

13、 at the organizational level is the executive information systems(EIS),used by upper level managers in an organizationnThe MKIS,HRIS,and EIS are described below.15Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用The Marketing Information System nAn MKIS is made up of input and output subsystems connected by a database(Figure 8.7)

14、nThe Input Subsystems are:nTransaction processing systemnThe marketing research subsystem nThe marketing intelligence subsystemnEach output subsystem provides information about four critical elements in the marketing mix:nThe product subsystemnThe place subsystemnThe promotion subsystemnThe price su

15、bsystem16Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用17Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用The Human Resources Information System nFigure 8.8 illustrates the human resources information system(HRIS)nThe figure shows three main HRIS input subsystems:nThe transaction processing system provides input data nThe human resources research subsystem

16、used for gathering specialized research informationnThe human resources intelligence subsystem that gathers environmental data that bears on HR issues 18Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用19Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用The Executive Information System nThe executive information system(EIS)provides information to top-level mana

17、gers on overall firm performance.nA firms EIS usually includes executive workstations networked to a central server(shown in Figure 8.9)nSome executives prefer more detail,so EIS designers build in flexibility so their systems fit the preferences of all executives,whatever they are nOne approach is

18、to provide a drill-down capability,giving executives the ability to bring up a summary display and then display successively greater levels of detail(Figure 8.10)20Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用21Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用22Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT(CRM)nCRM systems are used to manage relations

19、hips between a firm and its customers so both can receive maximum value from the relationship nUsing more effort to cultivate long-term client relationships makes good marketing sense since its usually cheaper to keep existing customers than to obtain new onesnThe CRM system accumulates customer dat

20、a over a long period and uses the data to produce information for users.A CRM systems central element is the data warehouse23Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用DATA WAREHOUSINGnUntil recently,computer technology could not support a system with such large-scale data demands nThe term data warehouse was coined to desc

21、ribe a data store with the following characteristics:nVery large scale storage capacitynThe data is accumulated into new records instead of updating existing records with new informationnThe data is easily retrievable.nThe data is used for decision making,not for the firms daily operations24Course4资

22、讯系统在实务上的应用The Data Warehousing System nA data warehousing system(Figure 8.11)enters data into the warehouse,transforms the data into information,and makes the information available to users nData is gathered from data sources and goes through a staging area before being entered in the warehouse data

23、 repositorynAn information delivery system obtains data from the warehouse data repository and transforms it into information for the users nThe data warehousing system also includes a management and control components25Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用26Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用How Data Is Stored in the Warehouse Data R

24、epository nThe warehouse data repository stores two types of data in separate tables,which are combined to produce an information packagenIdentifying and descriptive data are stored in dimension tables(Figure 8.12)nFact tables contain the quantitative measures of an entity,object,or activity(Fig.8.1

25、3)nAn information package identifies all of the dimensions that will be used in analyzing a particular activity.Figure 8.14 shows the format and Figure 8.15 includes some sample data27Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用28Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用29Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用Figure 8.14 Information Package Format30Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用

26、Figure 8.15 A Sample Information Package31Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用The Star Schema nThe key that identifies the dimension and provides the link to connect the dimension tables to the fact table is called a star schema nFigure 8.16 shows how the keys in four dimension tables are related to keys in the infor

27、mation package in the centernFig.8.17 is an example using the four dimension tables:customer,time,salesperson,and productnThe warehouse data repository contains multiple star schemas one for each activity type to be analyzed 32Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用33Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用34Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用INFORMATION DEL

28、IVERYnThe final element in the data warehousing system is the information delivery systemnInformation is obtained from the data repository,transformed into information,and made available to users nFigure 8.18 shows how the user can navigate the data repository to produce summary information,detailed

29、 information,and detailed datanFigure 8.19 shows the results of a drill-across navigation,producing outputs in different hierarchies 35Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用36Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用37Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用線上分析系統(ONLINE ANALYTCAL PROCESSING)nOLAP is a type of software especially developed for data warehousesnUsi

30、ng OLAP,users can communicate with the data warehouse either through a GUI or Web interface,and quickly produce information in a variety of forms,including graphics nThere are two approaches to OLAP(Figure 8.20):1.關連式線上分析系統關連式線上分析系統 ROLAP(for relational online analytical processing)that utilizes a s

31、tandard relational DBMS2.多維度線上分析系統多維度線上分析系統 MOLAP(for multidimensional online analytical processing)that utilizes a special multidimensional DBMS 38Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用39Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用ROLAP and MOLAPnBoth OLAP types include a data warehouse server and a second server that houses OLAP software nA m

32、ajor difference is that the MOLAP workstation includes a downloaded multidimensional database nThe data in this database has already been formatted in various dimensions so that it may be made available quickly rather than go through time-consuming analyses nFigure 8.21 illustrates a report that is

33、the type that ROLAP can easily preparenMOLAP can produce information in many dimensionsnFigure 8.22 illustrates a summary report in four dimensions:store type,product,age,and gender40Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用41Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用42Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用資料探勘 DATA MININGnData mining is the process of finding rela

34、tionships in data previously unknown to the usernData mining helps users discover relationships and present them in an understandable way so the relationships can be used in decision makingnThe two basic data mining techniques are:nHypothesis Verification where data is used to test theoriesnKnowledge Discovery in which users search for common characteristics within the data43Course4资讯系统在实务上的应用