心理学专业术语

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1、感觉记忆（SM） sensory memory短期记忆（STM） short-term M.长期记忆（LTM） Ion g-term memory复诵rehearsal预示（激发）primi ng童年失忆症childhood amn esia视觉编码（表征）visual code （representation）听觉编码一acoustic code运作记忆working memory语意性知识一sema ntic kno wledgeji 忆扫瞄程序一memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.R自我终止式扫瞄一self-termi nated

2、S.程序性知识一procedural knowledge命题（陈述）性知识propositional（declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识一 episodic K.讯息处理深度一depth of process ing精致化处理一elaborati on登录特殊性一coding specificity记忆术一mnemon ic位置记忆法一method of loci字钩法一peg word（线）探索（测）（激发）字prime关键词一key word命题思考propositi onal thought心像思考imag inal thought行动思考motoric tho

3、ught概念concept原型prototype属性property特征feature范例策略exemplar strategy语言相对性（假说）一linguistic relativity th.音素phon eme词素morpheme（字词的）外延与内涵意义一 de no tative & conno tative meaning（句子的）表层与深层结构一surface & deep structure语意分析法sema ntic differe ntial全句语言一holophrastic speech过度延伸over-exte nsion电报式语言一telegraphic speech

4、关键期critical period差异减缩法difference reducti on方法目的分析mean s-e nds an alysis倒推workingbackward动机motive自由意志free will决定论determi nism本能in st inct种属特有行为species specific驱力rive诱因incentive驱力减低说drive reducti on th.恒定状态（作用）一homeostasis原级与次级动 机primary & seco ndary M.功能独立一fun ctio nal aut onomy下视丘侧部（LH） lateral hyp

5、othalamus脂肪细胞说fat-cell theory.下视丘腹中部（VMH） ventromedial H定点论set point th.CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征primary sex characteristic第二性征secon dary sex characteristic自我效能期望一self-efficiency expectancy 内在（发）动机一in tri nsic motive 夕卜在（衍）动机一extri nsic motive 成就需求N. achieveme nt需求层级一hierarchy of n eeds 自我实现self actualizati on冲

6、突on flict多项仪polygraph肤电反应SR（认知）评估（cog nitive appraisal）脸部回馈假说facial feedback hypothesis（生理）激发arousal挫折-攻击假说frustrati on-aggressio n hy.替代学习vicarious lear ning发展evelopme nt先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation（视觉）偏好法prefere ntial method习惯法habituation视觉悬崖visual cliff剥夺或丰富（环境）deprivatio n or en richme nt of en

7、v.基模schema同化assimilatio n调适accommodati on平衡equilibrium感觉动作期sen sorimotor stage物体永久性objective perma nence运思前期preoperatio nal st.保留概念on servati on道德现实主义moral realism具体运思期con crete operatio nal形式运思期formal operati onal st.前俗例道德pre-c onven tio nal moral俗例道德onven ti onal moral超俗例道德post-c onven tio nal mor

8、al气质temperament依附attachme nt性另 Ll认定en der ide ntity性别配合sex typi ng性蕾期phallic stage恋亲冲突一Oedipal con flict 认同iden tificati on社会学习social lear ning情结omplex性另 Ll恒定en der con sta ncy青年期adolesce nee青春期-puberty 第二性征secon dary sex characteristics认同危机iden tity crisis定向统合iden tity achieveme nt早闭型统合foreclosure未

9、定型统合moratorium迷失型统合iden tity diffusi on传承enerativity心理动力psycho-d yn amics心理分析psychoa nalysis行为论behaviorism心理生物观psycho-biological perspective认知ognition临床心理学家-cli nical psychologist谘商oun seli ng人因工程huma n factor engin eer ing组织organization潜意识uncon scious ness完形心理学Gestalt psychology感觉sensation知觉percept

10、i on实验法experime ntal method独变项in depe ndent variable依变项depe ndent V控制变项on trol V.生理physiology条件化con diti oning学习learning比较心理学comparative psy.发展evelopme nt社会心理学social psy.人格personality心理计量学一psychometrics受试（者）subject实验者预期效应一experime nter expecta ncy effect 双盲法double一bli nd实地实验field experime nt相关orrela

11、tion调查survey访谈interview个案研究ase study观察observation心理测验psychological test纹理递变度texture gradie nt注意attention物体的组群group ing of object型态辨识一patter n recog niti on 形象-背景figure-gro und接近律proximity相似律similarity闭合律closure连续律con ti nuity对称律symmetry错觉illusio n幻觉elusion恒常性con sta ncy大小size形状shape位置location单眼线索mon

12、o cular cue线性透视lin ear- perspective双眼线索bino cular cue深度epth调节作用accommodati on重迭superpositi on双眼融合bino cular fusi on辐辏作用on verge nee双眼像差bino cular disparity向度dime nsion自动效应autoki netic effect运动视差moti on parallax诱发运动in duced moti on闪光运动stroboscopic motio n上下文、脉络-co ntext 人工智能artificial i ntellige nee

13、A.I.脉络关系作用-c ontext effect 模板匹配template match ing整合分析法an alysis-by-s yn thesis丰富性redundancy选择性selective无 yi 识的推论-unconscious inferences运动后效moti on aftereffect特征侦测一feature detector激发性excitatory抑制性in hibitory几何子geons由上而下处理一up-dow n process由下而上处理bottom-up process连结者模式 conn ectio nist model 联结失识症 associ

14、ative agno sia 脸孔辨识困难症 prosopag no sia 意识onscious (ness)意识改变状 altered states of con scious ness无意识uncon scious ness前意识prec on scious ness内省法in trospectio n边缘注意peripheral atte ntio n多重人格multiple pers on ality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应一lunch line(cocktail party) effect 自动化历程automatic process解离issociate解离认同失常dissoci

15、ative ide ntitydisorder快速眼动睡眠REM dream非快速眼动睡眠一NREM dream神志清醒的梦lucid dreami ng失眠insomn ia显性与隐性梦man ifest & latern co ntent心理活动性psychoactive冥想meditation抗药性tolera nee戒断withdrawal感觉剥夺sen sory deprivatio n物质滥用substa nee abuse成瘾physical addietio n物质依赖sub. depe ndence戒断症状withdrawal symptom兴奋齐 Ustimula nt幻觉

16、（迷幻）齐Uhallue in oge n镇定剂sedative抑制剂depressant酒精中毒引起谵一delirium treme ns 麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthyp no tic suggestio n催眠后失忆 posthyp no tic amn esia 超心理学parapsychology超感知觉 extrase nsory perceptio n ESP 心电感应telepathy超感视clairv oyance预知precog niti on心理动力一psycoki nesis PK 受纳器receptor绝对阈absolutethres

17、hold差异阈differe nee threshold恰辨差-JND 韦伯律Weberslaw心理物理psychophysical费雪纳定律Fech ner”s law频率frequency音频pitch基音fun dame ntal tone倍音overtone和谐音harm onic音色timbre白色噪音white no ise鼓膜eardrum耳蜗ochlea卵形窗一oval win dow 圆形窗round wi ndow前庭vestibular sacs半规管semicircular canal角膜ornea水晶体lens虹膜iris瞳孑 Lpupil网膜ret ina睫状肌ci

18、liary muscle调节作用accommodati on脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc脑干brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描CAT或CT PET正子放射断层摄影MRI磁共振显影延脑medulla桥脑pons小脑erebellum网状结构reticular formatio nRAS网状活化系统视丘thalamus下视丘hypothalamus大脑erebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitary gla nd脑半球cerebral hemisphere皮质ortex胼胝体corpus callosum边缘系统limbic system海马体hippocampus

19、杏仁核amygdala中央沟cen tral fissure侧沟lateral fissure脑叶lobe同卵双生子ide ntical twi ns异卵双生子一fraternal twi ns古典制约lassical con diti oning操作制约opera nt con diti oning非制约刺激一（US unconditioned stimulus非制约反应一（UR） unconditioned R.制约刺激（CS） conditioned S.制约反应（CR）conditioned R.习（获）acquisiti on增强作用rei nforceme ntxiao 除（弱）e

20、xt in ctio n自（发性）然恢复spontan eous recovery前行制约一forward con diti oning同时制约simulta neous con diti oning回溯制约backward cond.痕迹制约trace con diti oning延宕制约一delay con diti oning类化（梯度）generalization （gradient）区势辛iscri min ati on（次级）增强物（secondary） reinforcer嫌恶刺激aversive stimulus试误学习trial and error lear ning效果率l

21、aw of effect正（负）性增强物一positive （negative） rei.行为塑造一behavior shap ing循序渐进successive approximati on自行塑造一autoshap ing部分（连续）增强一partial（continuous）R定比（时）时制一fixed ratio （interval）schedule FR或 FI变化比率（时距）时制一variable ratio（interval）schedule VR或VI逃离反应escape R.回避反应一avoida nee response习得无助lear ned helpless ness顿

22、悟in sight学习心向一lear ning set隐内（潜在）学习late nt lear ning认知地图ogn itive map生理回馈biofeedback敏感递减法-systematic dese nsitizati on普里迈克原则一Premacks prin ciple洪水法flooding观察学习observatio nal lear ning动物行为学ethology敏感化一sen sitizati on习惯化habituati on联结associati on认知学习ogn iti onal L.观察学习observati onal L.登录、编码en cod ing保

23、留、储rete nti on提取retrieval回忆（free recallphotographic全现 心像、照相 式记忆eidetic imagery、memory .舌尖现象（TOT） tip of ton gue再认recog niti on再学习relear ning节省分数savi ngs外显与内隐记忆explicit & implicit memory记忆广度memory spa n组集hunk序列位置效应serial positi on effect起始效应primacy effect新近效应recency effect心（情）境依赖学习state-depe nde nt L.无意义音节一nonsense syllable顺向干扰proactive in terfere nee逆向干扰retroactive in terfere nee闪光灯记忆flashbulb memory动机性遗忘motivated forgett ing器质性失忆症一orga nic amn esia 阿兹海默症Alzheimers disease近事（顺向）失忆症一an terograde amn esia 旧事（逆向）失,IZxretrograde A.高沙可夫症候群一korsakoffs syn drome凝固理论一con solidatio n