英语定语从句讲解

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1、TheRelativeClauseThefirstPeriod限制性定语从句一：概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语句。Thereareexpertswhothinkthatweneedtoeatmeat.HewasRaoul,ayoungmanwholovedChristine.1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟先行词。2.定语从句有关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that 和关系副词 when,where,why 等引导。3.关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的

2、一个成分。：关系代词的用法1.who：指人，在定语从句中作主语Thewomanisadoctor.SheistalkingwithTom.Doyouknowtheboywhoisstandingthere?2.Whom:指人，作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。TheyoungwriterhasleftforParis.Theyoungwriter(whom)wevisitedlastSaturdayhasleftWevisitedhimlastSaturday.forparjsTheman(whom)youmetatthepartyisafamousprofessor.3.Whose:指人或物

3、，在定语从句中作定语。Theboywhosesisterisasingersingswell.Theclassroomwhosewindowsfacesouthislargeandbright.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.4.Which:指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时在限制性定语从句中可省略。Thepenwhichliesonthedeskismine.Thenecklace(which)shelostyesterdaywasabirthdaygiftfromhermother.This

4、isthebook(which)Ilikebest.Doyouknowthefactory(which)myfatherworksin?5.That:多指物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Sheshowedmethepicturethatwasinteresting.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?Themoney(that)mymothergavemeyesterdayhasbeenstolen.Theman(that)Italkedwithamomentagoisourheadmaster.三：关系副词的用法1.When：指时

5、间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Iclearlyrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.Wellneverforgetthedaywhenwejoinedthearmy.Cf.Wellneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.2.where:指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.WevisitedthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.Cf.Thisistheplace(which/that)wevisitedlastweek.3.why:指原因，在定

6、语从句中作原因状语。Tellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate.Cf.Thisisthereason(which/that)hetoldusamomentago.四：指人，宜用 who，不用 that的1先行词为 one,ones,anyoneTheoneswhotellliesshouldbepunished.Anyonewhowantstogothereshouldgatherhere.2.先行词为 those,heThosewhowanttogotoseethefilmraiseyourhandsplease.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWall

7、isnotarealman.3.一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用 that，另一个用 whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthepersonwhoinvitedmetoseeafilm.4.Therebe 开头的句子Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.五：指物，用 that，不用 which1当先行词由形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthetallestbuildingthatIhaveeverseen.Thisbookisthebestonethathasbeenpunished.2当先行词由序数词修饰时Thisisthefirstnov

8、elthatIread.Thelasttrainthatleftherewasat11:00p.m.3当先行词由 only，no，very 修饰时Thisistheonlybookthatinterestsme.Thereisnodifficultythatwecantovercome.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.4.当先行词为 something,anything,nothing,everything,no,little,all 等不定代词时，只能用 thatIsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Therewaslit

9、tlethatIcoulddoforyou.Allthatglittersisnotgold.5.当先行词既指人，又指物时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?Theyaretalkingabouttheschoolandstudentsthattheyvisited.IwillneverforgetthemanandthingsthatIsaw.6.不重复原则Whothathasseenthelovelyboydoesntlikehim?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?Which

10、isthebookthatyoulike?Whatsthatwhichyouwanttosay?六：介词和关系代词的用法关系代词 whom,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语从句时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。介词+which/whomIwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.OrIwanttofindthepen(which/that)Iwrotethatletter.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersontowhomshecou

11、ldturnforhelp.OrInthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson(whom/that/who)shecouldturntoforhelp.Thisisthehotelwherewestayedatthehotel.Or.Thisisthehotelatwhichwestayed.OrThisisthehotelwhichwestayedat.但是含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor?Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterarever

12、yhealthy.Notice:Oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词(复)The(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词(单)Heisoneoftheactorswhoaremyfavorite.Cf.Heistheoneoftheactorswhoismyfavorite.TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.Cf.Titanicisthe(only)oneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.非限制性定语从

13、句一：非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别1限制性定语从句是主句中的先行词不可缺少的定语，如省去，主句的意思就不完整或没有意义。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如省去，主句的意思仍完整。Allthesebooks,whichtherearebeautifulpicturesin,werewrittenbyhim.Cf.ThisistheonlyworkthatIcandoatthemoment.2.限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间一般用逗号隔开。LastweekIreadaverygoodnovel,whichwasabouttheAnti-Japa

14、neseWar.Cf.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.3.限制性定语从句修饰的是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句不但可以修饰名词或代词，而且可以修饰整个主句。Theyhaveinvitedmetodinner,whichisverykindofthem.Cf.Hetoldmeallthathadhappened.4.非限制性定语从句不能使用关系代词 that,也不能省略任何关系代词或关系副词。Hisdog,whichwasveryold,becameillanddied.Herteacher,whomwesawthedaybeforeyesterday,ha

15、scompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.二非限制性定语从句引导词所起的作用与限制性定语从句相同三在专有名词前一般要用非限制性定语从句。YesterdayIhappenedtoseeMr.Smith,whowasgoingtoleaveforhome.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,whereameetingwastobeheld.表示唯一性Hehasabrother,whoisanactor.Hisfather,whoflewtoParis,hasjustreturned.关系代词as的用法1.主句中有 such 和 thesame，关系代词用

16、 asHeisnotasuchmanaswouldleavehisworkhalfdone.Ihopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.Myhometownisntsuchaplaceasitwastenyearsago.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIusedyesterday.Sheisnotthesamegirlasshewas.Heisthesamemanasalwaysthinkofothersfirst.Notice:ThisissuchapenasIlostlastweekCf.ThisissuchapenthatIlost.Such.as

17、表示同一类事物，such.that 表示同一事物 2.as 代表主句Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.Alllivingthingsaremadeupofcells,aswehavelearnedbefore.定语从句和同位语从句的区别1根据 that在句中是否担任成分来判断：定语从句中 that 担任一定的成分，同位语从句中 that不担任成分。Themewsthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.Thenewsthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.2.根据意思来判断：在引导次前加 is,如果句子成立就是同位语从句，否则就不是。Homework1.Reviewwhatvebeenlearned.2.Dosomeexercise.