形容词和副词用法及比较级用法加讲解(练课用)

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1、形容词和副词用法讲解 考点一、形容词的定义及句法功能。 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和宾 语补足语。1. 用作定语，修饰名词或代词。（1）形容词修饰名词时，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前：如有若干形容词同时修饰一个名 词时，它们的排列顺序较为固定，通常为：描绘形容词一特征形容词-（包括大小、长短、 形状、新旧、年龄等）-颜色形容词。例如： She has beautiful long curly blond hair.她长着漂亮的金黄色长卷发。Mary gave me a useful big brown wooden box. 玛丽给我一个实用的大

2、的褐色木盒子。 注意A. enough 修饰名词时，既可以放在名词之前，也可以放在名词之后。但多放在名词前。 例如： Dont worry, we have enough time/time enough to get there. 别着急，我们有足够的时 间赶到那儿。B.由连字符连接起来的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。例如：an eight-year-old boy 一个 8 岁的男孩（2）形容词修饰由some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。 例如： Will you please tell us something interesting? 你给我们说一

3、些有趣的事好吗？ Theres nothing special in the box. 盒子里没有什么特别的东西。 Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有智力的人都能做这件事。2用作表语，位于系动词之后。初中阶段常用的系动词有：be, become, get, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn, seem, keep, grow 例：The park is very beautifu 1.这座公园很美。The soup smells delicious .汤闻上去真鲜美。That sounds good .那听上去不错。3.

4、用作宾语补足语，紧跟在宾语后面。例如：Keep the classroom clean and tidy, please. 请保持教室干净整洁。Kate found her work very boring. 凯特发现她的工作很枯燥。We should try our best to make our environment more beautiful. 我们应该尽力使我们的 环境更美。（注意：常见的只作表语的形容词有:well, ill, sorry, glad, ready以及以a-起首的:afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake等。常见的只作

5、定语的形容词有：digital, woolen, indoor, outdoor; 以及表示方位的： east, eastern, north, northern, south, southern, west, western 等。另外，有些 形容词和定冠词the连用，叫做名词化的形容词，常用来：（1 ）泛指一类人，表示复数概念，作主语时要求谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有： rich/poor; young/old; healthy/ill; living/dead; black/white（表示人种）等。The old are taken good care of in our country

6、. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。The white are beautiful. 白种人很漂亮。（2）指抽象事物，作主语时要求谓语动词用单数形式。The beautiful never dies. （美是不朽的。）考点二、副词的定义及句法功能副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概 念。1副词在句中的作用。(1) 用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。例：It s very cold in winter here.这里冬天很冷。(2) 用作表语，置于系动词后。多数与介词同形的副词以及一些表示位置的副词都可以用 作表语。例： I m afraid I

7、must be off now.When will they be back?(3) 用作宾语补足语。例： I saw you out with your wife last Sunday. 上周日我看见你和你妻子一起出去了。 Please have them in. 请让他们进来。(4) 用作定语，置于所修饰的名词之后。例： The people there are very friendly. 那儿的人很好。We hope you will enjoy your stay here. 我们希望你们在这里过的愉快。2. 副词作状语时在句子中的位置。(1)修饰动词，多置于动词之后，如有宾语，则

8、置于宾语之后。例：Please read carefully. 请仔细地阅读。Please read the instructions carefully. 请认真阅读说明。形容词和副词比较级和最高级的变化规律基本用法 一、形容词/副词比较级和最高级的规则变化1.一般词尾加一eiHestsmall long shortsmaller longer shorterthe smallest the longest the shortest2以字母e结尾的 形容词直接加r/stnice late fine closenicer later finer closerthe nicest the lat

9、est the finest the closest3重读闭音节词， 末尾为辅音字母， 双写该字母再加 er/esthot big thin fathotter bigger thinner fatterthe hottest the biggest the thinnest the fattest4以“辅音字母加 y结尾的形容词， 变y为i再加 er/esthappy busy easy earlyhappier busier easier earlierthe happiest the busiest the easiest the earliest5多音节和部分双音 节词(前面加more

10、或 most)useful beautiful quickly slowlymore useful more beautiful more quickly more slowlythe most useful the most beautiful the most quickly the most slowly二、 形容词/副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级many/muchmoremostlittlelessleastgood/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfarther/fu

11、rtherfarthest/furthest(1) 不同程度用于两者比较。 表示 A 比 B 在程度上更.时，可用“形容词/ 副词的比较级+ than”结构。女口： I am fatter than you.Linda is taller than Tom.Shanghai is busier than Hangzhou.Amy is happier than Lane.Jim is older than Frank.I like beef better than pork.(2) Who/Which more，A or B?例： 1)Who is taller, Mike or Bob?2)

12、 Which of them is taller， Mike or Bob?3) Which runs faster， a car or a train?说明：此句型中who指人；which 一般指物。但后跟of短语时必须用which代 替who指人(因为who后不能跟of短语)，如例2)。此句型中的or不可改为 and。(3) 同等程度上的固定结构为:a. 肯定形式“ as +形容词原级+ as ”像.一样。如： Art is as interesting as music.He is as tall as my brother.b. 否定形式“not + so (as) +形容词原级+ a

13、s ”不如一样。如： English is not so difficult as science. She does not study so well as I do. 同级比较用原级，asas永不离。若是否定加not， asas否前者。as as 加 not， 只说两者有区别。so as 加 not， 后者总是强前者。(4) 表示程度加深可用“比较级+ and + (同一个)比较级”或“The +比较级,the +比较级”越. ，越.(The more， the better. The soon， the better.)如： He studies better and better.S

14、he becomes fatter and fatter.The weather gets warmer and warmer.The more books she reads, the better she understand.The faster you run, the better it will be.二、最高级的用法和句型。 最高级一般用于三者(或三者以上)之间的比较。主要句型如下：(1) A . B more. C the most.例： 1) Bob is tall. Mike is taller. John is the tallest.2) A car runs fast

15、. A train runs faster. A plane runs (the) fastest.(2) the most + of + 范围； 或 the most + in + 范围例： 1) John is the tallest of the students.比较： John is the tallest in the class.2) China is the largest of the countries.比较： China is the largest in the world.说明：当主语和范围属于“同类概念”时要用介词of ；当主语和范围不属于“类 时则用介词in。如例

16、1)中第一个句子，我们可以说主语John是学生，后面的 范围也是学生，属于“同类概念”，所以用介词of.。而第二个句子主语John是 学生，后面的范围是班级，不属于“同类概念”，所以用介词in。 Who/Which the most，A, B or C?例： 1) Who is tallest, Mike, Bob or John?2) Which of them is tallest, Mike, Bob or John?3) Which runs fastest, a car, a train or a plane? one of the most例： This is one of the

17、 most interesting books.原级的用法和句型原级即原形，一般不用于比较，如：My bother is very tall and thin. 但也可用于 as as 句型, 在两者(或两方)之间 进行比较。具体句型如下：肯定式：A as + adj./adv. + as B A和 B 一样，”， 例： 1)Mike is as tall as Bob (is). Mike 和 Bob 一样高。2)He draws as well as the teacher (does). 他和老师画得一样好。 否定式： A not so/as + adj/adv. + as B A不如B

18、 V要注意译法，决不可译为：A和B不一样，” X! !例：1) Bob is so/as tall as Mike (is).Bob 没有 Mike 高。2) He doesnt so/as well as the teacher (does). 他没有老师画得好。说明：当as . as句型是否定式时，第一个as通常可以改用so (见上面)， 但肯定式不可以。asas句型中间有时还可以插入名词，其顺序为：as + adj.+ a/an +n .+ as。 如 Japanese is (not) as difficult a language as Chinese.*四值得注意的问题使用比较级句

19、型时要准确抓住比较部分，弄清是什么和什么作比较。(有时不 能单从汉语字面上去判断，要根据意义!有时还要改变句型) 例： 1)他比我胖。 He is fatter than me.2) 他比我的性格更外向。 He is more outgoing than me(mineX ).3) 他的书法比我好。 His handwriting is better than mine(meX ).4) 他的朋友比我多。His friends are more than mine. X He has more friends than me. V5) 我们今年学的科目比去年多。We learn more su

20、bjects this year than (we did) last year.6) 他们班的女生比我们的女生活泼。The girls in their class are more active than the girls in our class.7) 他们班的女生比我们的女生多。The girls in their class are more than the girls in our class. X There are more girls in their class than (there are) in our class. 比较级的范围要排斥主语；最高级的范围要包含主语

21、比较级范围要排斥主语，以避免与自身比较。需要排斥时可用other或else。 例： 1)比较： 可以说 John is stronger than any girl in his class. V 不可说 Tina is stronger than any girl in her class. XTina is stronger than any other girl in her class. V2) She is thinner than anyone in her class. XShe is thinner than anyone else in her class. V 与比较级句型

22、相反，最高级的范围必须包含主语。 例： 1)比较： 不可说 John is the strongest of the girls in his class.X可以说 Tina is the strongest of the girls in her class. V或者说 John is the strongest of the boys in his class. V或者说 John is the strongest of the students in his class. V2）Mary is the tallest of .A. the sisters B. her sisters C

23、. her friends D. the boys最高级前的冠词问题 形容词最高级前一般要用定冠词 the ；副词最高级前常省 the 。例：1） He is the best student in our class.2） He draws （the） best in our class.比较级前已用了 one s等其它限定词时，必须省the。例： He is my best friend in our class.比较级句型中连词 than 后用 me 还是用 I 比较下列说法：1 ） He is taller than I am. =He is taller than me.2） He

24、knows you better than I know you.他比我更了解你。即：我了解你，他更了解你。HHe knows me better than you know me.他比你更了解我。即：你了解我，他更了解我。说明：在不造成歧义的情况下，在than后可用宾格人称代词me等代替主格人称 代词I等。如上述例1）。不过在than后用主格人称代词时，其后常用“情 助be”。 又如： He gets up earlier than I do. =He gets up earlier than me.比较级句型连词than后的省略和代替为了突出和强调比较部分，比较级句型 连词than后，通常

25、用省略式，省略与前面主句重复的成分；或者用代词等代替 与前面主句重复的成分。见以上各例。例： The milk in my cup is more delicious than the milk in your cup is.f The milk in my cup is more delicious than that in yours.比较级、最高级以及as . as句型中的修饰语比较级的修饰语：常见的有still（更），even（甚至更，还要）；some（稍微），any（稍 微）；a lot（得多），much（得多）；a little（=a bit）（稍微，一点，一些）；twice（两倍

26、）, three times（三倍）等等。例： 1） Are you feeling any better today? Yes， I m feeling some better.2）He is a little（much， a head ） taller than me.他比我稍高一点（高得多，高一头）。3）He is twice older than me. 他的年龄比我大两倍。4）He is two years older than me. 他比我大两岁。最高级的修饰语常见的有much（放于冠词the之前）=very（放于冠词the之后）（最 大程度地，完全），first（second,

27、 third）等等。例： 1） This is much the best. =This is the very best. 这是最好最好的。2）Huanghe River is the second longest river in our country3）He is the first tallest in our class.asas句型的修饰语：常见的有about（大约）,almost（几乎），just（恰恰，正好）, twice（两倍），third times （三倍）等等。例： 1） He is about/almost/just as tall as me. 他大约/几乎/恰恰

28、和我一样高。2） He is three times as old as me. =He is twice older than me.(七)比较级句型、最高级句型和(not) asas句型的转换三种句型之间可转换例：1) She is the thinnest in her class.=She is thinner than anyone else in her class. =She is not as fat as anyone else in her class.2) This ruler is twice as long as that one. =This ruler is on

29、ce longer than that one.比较级前用the的一种情况比较级前一般不用冠词，但表示“两者中较”,，的一 个”时要用 the。例： He is the stronger of the two. (strong 强壮的) 此时，也可用最高级： He is the strongest of the two.(但是较少用)几组应特别注意的比较级(l)more的用法有3个 作 many 或 much 的比较级。如 I have more books(bread) than he does. 帮助多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级。如 Im more outgoing than my si

30、ster. 放于表数量的词之后，表示“另外的”、“另加的”、“还(有)”、“再”等。 如 1) The child has ate some apples. And he wants two more(apples). 这个孩子吃了两个苹果了，他还想再要两个/一些。2) Would you like some more rice? 要不要再来点米？3) A few more students went.又有几个学生回家了。(2)most的用法有3个 作 many 或 much 的最高级。如 I have most books(bread) of all. 帮助多音节的形容词或副词构成最高级。如

31、I m most outgoing in our class. 作“大多数；大部分”(前面不用冠词)。此用法与最高级无关系。修饰或代替 可数名词或不可数名词均可。例如： 1) Most (of the) students like music.2) Most of them/us like music.3) Most (of the) work is difficult;4) Most of it is difficult.less、least的用法有2个 作little(少的)的比较级和最高级。如 I have less free time than you. And I have the

32、least free time of us three. 帮助各种音节的形容词或副词构成否定意义的比较级和最高级。 less 表示“较不”， least 表示“最不”。例:1) He is less tall than me. =He isn t as tall as me.2) This book is less interesting than that one. 这本书没有那本书有趣。3) This book is the least interesting of all .在这所有书当中这本书是最没有趣的。 (4)older, oldest与elder, eldest区别older,

33、oldest可以表示年龄、物品的破旧、时间 的久远等；可作定语或表语。而elder, eldest只用于家庭成员的长幼关系，并且 只可放于名词前作定语。例： 1) His eldest son is a policeman.2) Her elder bother is one year older than me.3) This car is older than that one.4) China is one of the four oldest countries.farther, farthest 与 further, furthest 的区别表示距离时 further=farther

34、(较远的)， farthest=farthest (最远的)。另外further, furthest还可以表示表示程度等引申意义: further表示“更进一步的(地)”，furthest表示“最大程度的(地)”，此时不可 改用 farther, farthest。例: 1) Li Leis home is farther/further from the school than Wang Hais.And Lilys home is the farthest/furthest.2) We will go further into the question. 我们将进一步研究这个问题。Exer

35、cises一、用适当形式填空:1. Bob is (young) than Fred but (tall) than Fred.2. Ying Tian is not as (tall) as Yong Xian.3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks (fat) than before theholidays,4. Which is (heavy),a hen or a chicken?5. - How (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres (tall). What

36、 about Xiaoling?- She s only 1.40 metres (tall). She is much (short) than Sally.She is also the (short) girl in the class.6. He is (bad) at learning maths. He is much (bad) at Chinese and he is the (bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the (kind) person in the world.8. He is one of the(friendly) p

37、eople in the class, I think.9. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange is a little (big) than an apple, but much (small) than awatermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little (beautiful) than her sister.13. My room is not as (big) as my b

38、rother s.14. -How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it (difficult) than maths?- I dont think so.15. -Annie plays the piano very (well).- Sue plays it (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the (well).16. Saturday is my (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting (fat) and (fat).18. I think

39、 its too expensive. Id like a (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much (early) than I.20. This book is not as (interesting) as that one.21. Your classroom is (wide) and (bright) than ours.22. Practise as (much) as you can.23. The (much), the (good).24. Nowadays English is ( important ) than any other

40、 subject, 1 think.25. Most of the students think a lion is much (dangerous) than a bear and it is the (dangerous) animal in the world.、改错:1. He is as taller as I am.2. She is a little thiner than she looks.3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in the class.4. The girls study the better than the boy.

41、5. It is one of the most interesting book than I have ever read.6. He says Mary is most friendliest person in the class.7. Which city is most beautiful, Beijing or Guangzhou?8. Jack works hard. Mike works very harder than Jack.9. London is the bigger city in Britain.10. Bob plays football badly but

42、Fred plays football much badlier than Bob. 三、完成句子：1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。She doesnt look Mary.2.杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。Jacks father is than her mother.3.我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。Our classroom is than theirs.4当心！这条路越来越危险。Look out! The mad is becoming and .5.你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？Which animal do you like , a cat or a dog?四、单项选择1. This box is

43、 that one.A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier asD. as heavy as2. When we speak to people, we should be .A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly3. This book is that one, but than that one.A. as difficult as; expensiveB. as more dif

44、ficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive4. I think the story is not so as that one.A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting5. His father began to work he was seven years old.A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while

45、6. I think science is than Japanese.A. much important B. importantC. much more important D. more much important7. This pencil is than that one.A. longestB. longC. longerD. as long8. My mother is no young.A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few9. These children are this year than they were last year.A.

46、 more tall B. more taller C. very tallerD. much taller10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is today.A. even hotterB. more hotterC. much more hot D. much hot11. Mrs. Black has got instead of getting any better.A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse12. When we arrived, we found

47、 the meeting room crowded with students.A. quite a fewB. only a fewC. few D. a few quite13. The house is small for a family of six.A. much too B. too muchC. very muchD. so14. Through the window we can see nothing but buildings.A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall15

48、. -Whats your brother like? -He is.A. a driverB. very tallC. my friendD. at school16. The jacket was so that he decided to buy it.A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap17. Our classroom is larger than theirs.A. more B. quite C. very D. much18. The earth is about as the moon.A. as fifty time big B.

49、fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big19. Your room is mine.A. twice as large than B. twice the size of C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as20. Your room is than mine.A. three time big B. three times big C. three times biggerD. bigger three times21. His father is than hi

50、s mother.A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years22. Maths is more popular than.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject23. China is larger than in Africa.A. any other country B. other countriesC. the other country D. any cou

51、ntry24. Tom is stronger than in his class.A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boyD. other boy25. When spring comes, it gets.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter26. By and by, students in our class came to like English.A. more and more B. much and much C.

52、many and many D. less and least27. At last he began to cry .A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hardC. harder and harderD. less hard and less harder28. When spring comes the days get and nights .A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer29. I look at the picture, I like i

53、t.A. The best; the more B. The more; the less C. The more; less D. More; the more30. he read the book, he got in it.A. The more; the more interestingB. The less; the more interestingC. The more; the more interestedD. More; more interested31. you come back, it will be.A. The quicker; the bestB. The s

54、ooner; the betterC. Faster; the betterD. The sooner; better32. I like one of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older33. Which is country, China or Japan?A. the large B. the larger C. largerD. largest34. Of the two cups, he bought .A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smalle

55、r35. Which do you like , tea or coffee?A. well B. better C. best D. most36. This work is for me than for you.A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult37. Which do you think tastes , the chicken or the fish?A. good B. betterC. bestD. well38. The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was onceA. higherB. highestC. high too D. more high39. Dont you think it not to write the letter?A. wellB. betterC. bestD. good40. The book is of the two.A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest