难点释疑：虚拟语气

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1、难点释疑 虚拟语气的高考复习备考 湖北枣阳一中 许春苗 “完成句子”自从2007年以来作为新颖的高考题型，在湖北省高考英语卷中已有五年历史，考查的是对语法结构的掌握。纵观五年的考题，不难发现虚拟语气基本上在每年的完成句子中占有一席之地。1（2011湖北，75）If_(我没有喝)alcohol last night , I could have driven my car home.(drink) 答案had not drunk2.（2010湖北，76）Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _(讨论) at the m

2、eeting.(discuss) 答案(should )be discussed3.（2010湖北，79）It is said that they have swum to the island from the continent , but they _(不可能做到) because the ocean in between is too wide.(do) 答案could not /can not have done it/so/that/this4. （2009湖北，79）After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou

3、Spaceship received the command from the ground that _( 它着陆) as scheduled the next day.(land) 答案it (should )land5.（2008湖北，35）I feel so sick. I wish mum_(没有逼我)to eat so much.(force) 答案hadnt forced me6（2007 湖北，35） He believes that children _(应允许学习) at their own pace.(allow) 答案should/ought to be allowed

4、 to learn/study虚拟语气应该怎样复习来备考呢？从哪几个方面来着手？其实，虚拟语气主要存在于几种从句中，而且属于固定的特殊用法，只要牢记了它的条条框框和用法，再辅助于练习，学生们是可以在这一部分驾轻就熟的。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与现在事实相反。与将来事实可能相反。 在含有if的虚拟条件句的复合句

5、中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 动词过去式；should + 动词原形；were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 注：主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如

6、：If my brother were here， everything would be all right. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have been so terrible. 表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果。如: If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stop to rest. 使用虚拟条件句时要注意： 1、if虚拟条件句中的倒装：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如有were, should, had在条件句中，可以省去if，把were, should, had提前

7、，使用倒装语序。例如：1) If we had time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park.Had we time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park.2) If it were not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world would experience great inconvenience.Were it not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world

8、would experience great inconvenience.3) If you should come tomorrow, we could go together. Should you come tomorrow, we could go together.2、错综时间条件句：当虚拟条件句的从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致时，就称作错综时间条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间进行相应调整。例如：1) If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。) 2

9、) If he had followed the doctors advice, he would recover already.(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) 3、含蓄条件虚拟语气：、有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现f引导的条件从句，而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词(如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or, otherwise ,but, though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如：1) But for your advice, I wo

10、uld not be able to do this work.2) Victor obviously doesnt know whats happened; otherwise he wouldnt have made such a stupid remark.(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的使用 1、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词

11、后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或should动词原形表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask, demand, insist, order, propose, desire, require等。例如：1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.2)I advised that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.在necessity ,plan ,order ,proposal ,recommendation ,suggestion ,

12、advice,desire ,demand等词有关的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或should动词原形表示虚拟语气。例如：1)M y advice is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.在It is ordered(suggested,

13、 demanded, planned ,proposed ,necessary ,essential , natural ,desirable ,unusual ,pity ,strange)等)that.这个句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词用动词原形或should动词原形。例如：1) It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.2)It was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to help th

14、em.2、在It is(about /high)time引导的定语从句中，使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用过去时态或should动词原形(用should时，不能将其省略)。例如：1)It is time I should leave.我该走了。 2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你该穿衣服了。3、在would(had)rather(would sooner)宾语从句句型中，要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示对将来和现在情况的虚拟；用过去完成时态表示对过去情况的虚拟。例如：1)I would rather

15、you came next Friday.2)I would rather you hadnt spoken rudely to her.4、在wish 和if only引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟结构，表达愿望。从句用would/could+动词原形表示对将来情况的虚拟；用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；从句用过去完成时对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望。例如：1)If only I had taken mothers advice.我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。2)If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能3)How we wish we

16、were birds at the moment. 5、在as if /though引出的状语从句或引出表语从句中，只要从句的内容是不真实的，都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反要用had过去分词；表示与将来可能相反的则用would(could，might)动词原形。例如： 1)I feel as if I were going to faint.(与现在事实相反的表语从句) 2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.(与将来可能相反的主语从句) (10) would like/was/were t

17、o have done somethingI would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。Its strange that he should have missed the train. (表竟然)It is important that we should learn from others.(表理应如此)It is a p

18、ity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满) 虚拟语气实战演练单选1.(2011,全国)They _have arrived at lunch time but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should2.(2011,天津)I _sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come3（2011，陕西）I _t

19、hrough that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 4.(2011北京)-Where are the children ?The dinner is going to be completely ruined. -I wish they _always late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been5. (2011北京)Maybe if

20、I _science ,and not literature then ,I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying6.（2010，天津）-John went to the hospital alone. -If he _me about it ,I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 7. (2010,陕西 ) If we _the other

21、 road ,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken8.(2010福建)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not allow C.musnt allow D.couldt allow 9. (2003,上海)Look at the trouble I am in!

22、 If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow10. (2009,天津)This printer is of good quality .If it _break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A would B. should C. could D. might11. (2002,上海)How I wish every family _ a large house with

23、 a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will haveD. had had12. (2001,上海)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored完成句子1. How I wish I _ (能买得起) a new car. (afford)2. I wish she _ (适应) the climate here now. (accus

24、tom)3. Sometimes he wishes he _ (从未提倡) those reforms. (advocate)4.Eventually they all accepted his proposal that the meeting _ (推迟). (put)5.Representatives attending Copenhagen Conference recommended that _ _(采取严厉措施) to reduce carbon emission. (measure)6.They insisted that we _ (应用新技术) the car produ

25、ction this year. (apply7.- If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.- What a pity! Tina _ (来) here to see you. (come)8.It was hard work, but divided into groups, we _ (可能完成) it easily. (complete)9.- Oh, my God! I just missed the last bus back home.- Thats really bad. Im

26、 sure you _ (可以赶上) it, but you were not in a hurry. (catch)10.-Did you go to the party last night?- Yes, but I would rather I_ (没去). It was so tiring.11.- Shall he come to see you as he promised?- Of course, please. And Id rather he _ (跟我说实话). (truth)12. The world we live in is being destroyed every

27、 day. It is high time that we _ (重视) environmental problems. (attach)13. - It is so hot today, isnt it?- Definitely. Although it is April, it seems as if it _ already summer now. (be)14.He sat there, lost in thought. He felt as if he _ (失去) forever his power of judgment.（lose）15.Nothing could have s

28、aved the wounded boy even if he _ (他得到 护理) immediately. (attend) 答案：单选DDAAC DBACBBD完成句子1. could afford (to buy) 2. were accustomed to 3. had never advocated4. (should) be put off 5. strict measures (should) be taken. 6. (should) apply the new technology to7. came 8. might have completed9.could have caught10.hadnt gone11.told me the truth.12.should attach / attached13. were14.had lost15.had been attended t