值得一读：contract与agreement区别

《值得一读：contract与agreement区别》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《值得一读：contract与agreement区别（6页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Horazrmtchnaiwhu.erkiijim值得一读：contract 与 agreement 区另UContract与Agreement的有无区别？在英语中，合同一般称为 Contract，协议一般称为 Agreemento下面分别进行讲解。第一部分、何谓“Contract” ?1999年中国合同法第二条对contract定义为：A contact in t his Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between sub

2、jects of equal footing, that is ,between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations. 根 据这一定义，合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。Steven H. Gifts 编著的 “Law Dictionary”中将 contract 定义为 “contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which

3、the law in some way recognize as a duty.” 根据这 疋乂，合同是 律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看做是一种补偿。L.B Curzon 在其编撰的字典 “A Dictionary of Law”给 contract 的定义：“Contract is a legally binding agreement ”根据这一定义，合同就是有法律约束力的协议。综合起来，有一个相同点，就是“Contract is an agreement”，即可将事同说成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned ”或者说成是

4、“An agreement which is enforceable by law”，也可以说： Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。第三部分、何谓“Agreement” ?L.B “A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done.”根据这一定义，协议是对已经做或准备做的相关事宜，经过 谈判、协商后取得一致意见，以口头或书面形式做出的约定。Blac

5、k “Law Dictionary” 有两个定义。一个是：“A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance”根据这一定义，协议即双方或多方京某些过去或将 来某些事实的相关权利、义务或相关权利、义务的履行而达成的一致理解和愿望。另一个是： The consent of two or m

6、ore persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits, with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual obligation.根 据这一定义，协议即两个或多个当事人，为了约定单方责任或相互责任，就财产权利、利益 的转移取得的一致同意。第三部分、Contract和Agreement是否可互换合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。它们（要约和承诺构成的）协议、约因、设立法律 关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。L.B Curzon编

7、著的“A Diction of Law”提到“Contract generally involves”：1. offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance （要约和绝对接受）2. consensus ad idem （意思表示一致，也叫 meeting of minds）3. intention to create legal relations 健立合同关系的意愿）4. genuineness of consent （同意的真实性）5. contractual capacity of the parties （合同当事人的缔约能力）6. lega

8、lity of object（标的物的合法性）7. possibility of performance （履行的可能性）8. certainty of terms（条 款的确定性）9. valuable consideration（等价有偿）Black “Law Dictionary ” 中解释道：Although often used as synonyms with contract, agreement is a broader term, e.g. an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact. 即“协议”和“合同

9、”经常用作同义词，但“协议”这一术语含义更广，例如协议可能缺乏合 同的必备条款（essential clauses/provisions）。实际使用当中，协议可不受必备条款的限制，而称为合同的文体肯定少不了必备条款， 有的合同将其单列，称为一般条款（General provisions）0 1999中国合同法第十二条规 定了八项一般条款，分别是：1. title or name and domicile of the parities（当 事人的名称或姓名和住址）2. contract object（标的）3. quantity（数 量）4. quality（质量）5. price or re

10、muneration（价 款或者扌报酬）6. time limit, place and method of performance （履行期限、地点和方式）7. liability for breach of contract（违约责任）8. methods to settle disputes （解决争议的方法）上述解释说明，contract（合同）和agreement（协议）的概念虽然接近，但使用范围不同，不 能互换使用。合同是协议的重要组成部分，所有合同一定是协议，而协议不见得都是合同。 可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是合同。第四部分、商务英语合同结构特点合同类法律文件

11、用以规定当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行 文慎密而准确，历史悠久，深含法律文化底蕴。中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、 姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职务及签字 日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头：This agreement/contract is made and entered in to thisday of(month),(year) by and between Party A (hereinafter called Party A )and Party B(hereinafter called Party B

12、 )然后是开始陈述：WHEREAS.THEREFORE It is hereby agreed as follows:或以：WITNESSETH, WHEREAS NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:接着是正文，最后是证明部分：IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have hereunto set t

13、heir hands the day and years first above written.随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。第五部分、新加坡合同格式AgreementTHIS AGREEMENT is made the 9th day of August, 2001 between LUCKY INTERNATIONAL LTD, a company incorporated in Singapore and having its registered office at Telek Blongar Rise, Singapore 19569

14、(hereinfater called The Company) of the part and JACK Wong (NRIC No./A) of 108 Orchar Road, Singapore 01688 (hereinfater called TheMangager) of the other part.WHEREAS:1. The company is engaged in IT business and requires a person with the necessary qualifications and experience to manage its busines

15、s.2. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:1. The company shall employ the Manager and the Manager shall serve the Company as manager of the Company s IT business for a period of two years commencing on 1st day of September2.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year fi

16、rst above written.THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TODuties of Manger1. To manage, maintain and promote the business of the Company.SIGNED by Roger TanFor and on behalf of LUCKY INTERANTIONAL LTDIn the presence ofSIGNED by TERESA WONGIn the presence of新加坡的通用合同分五部分：第一部分：称为parties，主要介绍合同各方的姓名或名称，注册地国及地址、邮编

17、及各 自在合同的简称。开头框架一般为：THIS AGREEMENT is made theday of(month) , (year)between A(hereinafter called The Company) of the part and B, (hereinaftercalled The Manager) of the other part.句子开头THIS AGREEMENT或CONTRACT和当事人的姓名和名称，都应大写。当 事人是自然人的，用“of”和其后的住址相连；是法人或非法人单位的，用“having its registered office at”和其后注册地址相连。

18、第二部分：称为recital。以WHEREAS开头，进入叙述部分，用陈述正式说明当事人 订立合同的原因。第三部分：称为habendum 具体约定当事人的权利和义务。正文部分的结束段为：IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.这段作用相当于中文合同的“双方签字盖章，特此为证”。第四部分：称为schedule或addendum,附录。是对前述合同部分条款的必要补充。不 是所有合同都有这一项。第五部分：称为attestation，证明部分。当事人如果自然人，用SIGNED by ”；连接后填写见证姓名的表达部分“In the presence of”。“成千上万人疯狂下载。更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料,洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略请在网上申请报名”