great scientists语言点.ppt

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1、Language points 1. disability. n disable. v disabled. adj disability既有可数又有不可数 . 表示“残疾” 用作 可数 ，表示“无能，劳动能力丧失”用 作 不可数 ； disable表示“使残疾，使 能力 丧失” ; disabled表示“残疾的，伤残的”， 常用于 the disabled 表“残疾人” 1.He was _ in the war and his _ prevented him from holding any job. 2.An accident _ him from playing football. di

2、sabled disability disabled 2. ambition n. 野心 ;雄心 ;目标 ambitious adj.有雄心的 ;野心勃勃的 be ambitious for sth/to do sth对 (做 )某事怀有雄心 /热 切的希望 ambitiously adv.野心勃勃地 Eg: A boy who is ambitious/filled with ambition usually works hard. 完成句子 : 1) Mothers are often highly _(怀有热切 的期望 ) their children. 2) I am _(热切希望能成

3、功 ) in life. 3) His _(要做首 相的雄心 ) is likely to be realized. ambitious for ambitious to succeed ambition to become prime minister 3. beneficial beneficial adj 有益的 ;受益的 benefit n. 利益 , 好处 vt. 有益于 , 有助于 vi. 受益 常见用法 be beneficial to 对什么有益 A benefit B 有益于 . B benefits from/by A 受益于 be of benefit to 对 有益 f

4、or the benefit of 为了 的利益 阳光对植物有益 . Sunshine _plants. Sunshine _ _ _ plants. Sunshine _ plants. Plants _ _sunshine. is of benefit to benefits benefits from is beneficial to 4. In other words, there are not many people like me 。 in a word in word in plain words have a word with sb. have words with sb.

5、 get in a word keep ones word break ones word 总而言之 口头上 率真地说 和某人谈谈 和某人吵架 插话 守信用 ; 履行诺言 失信；食言 eat ones word 收回前言 ,向人道谦 5. clumsy (1)笨拙的 ,不灵巧的 You, clumsy guy！ Youve knocked over my coffee！ 瞧你这笨蛋！你碰翻了我的咖啡！ (2)(对人 )不灵巧的 ,不圆滑的 She is a clumsy girl. 她不是一个机灵的女孩 . be clumsy with sth / at doing sth 在 方面不灵巧 H

6、e _ chopsticks. He _ chopsticks. 他使用筷子很笨拙 is clumsy with is clumsy at using 4. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. 不幸的是 , 大夫们不知道如何治好我 的病 , 但是我很开朗乐观 , 学会了适应 身体的残疾。 考点 1 1.I have no idea when _ her the bad news.

7、 A. will tell B. telling C. tell D. to tell 2. -Do you have the experience like that? -Well, Ive done the work before, so I know what_ in my new job here. A. expected B. expecting C. to expect D. to be expecting 3. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to

8、 do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it adapt (oneself) to sth. 使某人适应 adapt sth. for sth. 使适应 , 使适合 (新用途、新情况 ) adapt sth. for sb. 为某人改编 (改写 ) be adapted from 根据 改编 (改写 ) 考点 2 1) She found it difficult to _ herself to the new surroundings. A. adapt B. force C. fit i

9、n D. change 2) These are English story books _ Chinese students. A. adapted from B. adapted for C. adapted to D. adapting for adapt: 指修改或改变以适应新条件 adjust: 多指 “调整 , 调节 ”使之适应 fit: 多指 “ 大小适合 ” ，引申为 “ 吻 合 ” suit: 多指 “ 合乎要求、口味、性格、 情况 ” match: 指 “ 大小、色调、形状、性 质 ” 等相配或相称 辨析 : adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match

10、1) You cant see through the telescope until it is _ to your eyes. 2) The shoes _ me well. 3) A red jacket doesnt _ green trousers. 4) No dish _ all tastes. 5) You should _ yourself to the new environment. adjusted fit match suits adapt 下列短语中的 to为介词 ,接名词或名词短语 ,接动词时要 接 V-ing: adapt to; pay attention t

11、o; stick to; belong to; look forward to; be accustomed to; be used to; devote to ; object to; get down to; thanks to; contribute to, etc. 1. - Car No. 8 won the race ! - Yes, but its driver came close to _ killed. A. be B. being C. having been D. have been 2. I am accustomed to _ at seven in the mor

12、ning. A. rise B. have risen C. having risen D. rising 3. He devote himself _ the books on science. A. to reading B. to read C. in reading D. on reading B D A 常与表示数量的词语搭配使用 ; 而 at one time 指同时 ;曾经 一度 常用于过 去时 译 一次吃两粒药 take two pills at one time take two pills at a time 误 正 7. at a time 每次 ,一次 , 短语辨析 a

13、t one time 意思是“从前 ，曾经”。 for a time 意思是“短时间内，暂且”。 at times 相当于 sometimes，所表示的 时间频率不够频繁，常译为“有时”“偶尔”。 at all times与 all the time都可用来表示强调时 间的经常性与持续性，意思是“不停地，始终， 一直地”此时两者通用。 at all times还有“无论何时”之意。 in no time 立即，很快 _I had it in mind to study law 我曾经想学法律。 You call borrow only two books _ 你一次只可以借两本书。 _， we

14、 watch TV 有时我们看电视。 At one time at a time At times 9. cut out 切掉 ,删掉 ,省略，停止 I cut this article out of the newspaper. 我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。 联想拓展 cut down 砍倒 ; 削减 ,压缩 cut up 切碎 cut off 切断 , 停掉 ;隔绝 , 挡住 Deserts are also created because people _ trees and dig up grass. 由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。 The flood _ their supplie

15、s.洪水切断了他 们的供给。 用适当的介词填空 I must cut going to bed late. The car industry cut production. The woodchopper cut the tree and cut it . 答案： out down down; up 7. it is difficult to know what the future holds. 很难知道将来会是什么样子 。 （ 1） hold a meeting 举行；举办 (2) hold the same view. 持有；认为 （ 3） hold a knife in ones ha

16、nd. 握着 ;抓住 (4)The box can hold all my clothes. 容纳 ;包含 Who knows what the future holds for us? 7. , when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop . 1. She lost her breath after ten minutes. 呼吸困难 2. “Rubbish!” he murmured under his breath. 低声说 3. Hold your breath and count to ten.

17、屏住呼吸 4. We can stop if you want, catch/get your breath. 5. Before you begin, take a deep breath and smile! above ones breath 出声的 调整呼吸 深呼吸 be short of breath at a breath in the same breath save a breath 上气不接下气 一口气的 异口同声地 同时地 喘口气 out of control danger date sight touch work question the question 9. abs

18、ence n.缺席 ;不在 (某处 ) absence of mind心不在焉 ;神不守舍 absent adj.缺席的 ;不在的 vt.使缺席 ;使离开 be absent from缺席 ;不在 presence n.出席 ;到场 present（ at） adj.出席的 ;在场的 ;现在的 完成句子 : 1) Mr Green will be in charge _ (在我离开期间 ). 2) Why were you _(旷课 ) yesterday? during my absence absent from school 11. My life is a lot easier at

19、high school 比较级前的修饰语还有 much, even, still, rather, far, by far, a little, a bit等。 How much _ she looked without her glasses! A.well B. good C. best D. better You are driving too fast. Can you drive _? A.more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more a bit 12. 翻译： The few w

20、ho cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. 还有些同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我 并不生气，只是不理会他们罢了。 10. annoy 使 不悦 ,惹 常见用法 annoy sb with sth / by doing sth 因 使某人生气 be annoyed with sb. for/at (doing)sth. 对 (某人 )为 (某事 )而生气 be annoyed to do It annoys sb. that 这些苍蝇正使我感到烦恼 . T

21、hese flies _ me. 夜间不要大声唱歌 ,以免打扰邻居 . Dont _ your neighbours _ singing loudly at night. 因为玛丽忘了给她打电话 ,她就很生玛丽 的气 . She _ Mary _ forgetting to phone. are annoying annoy by was annoyed with for 11. all in all总而言之 above all首先 ;最重要的是 after all毕竟 ;终究 first of all首先 not at all根本不 ;别客气 for all虽然 ;尽管 in all总共 ;

22、总之 选词填空 :all in all, above all, after all, for all, in all 1) _her wealth, she is not happy. 2) You must, _, be loyal to your country. 3) There are five hundred books on the shelf _. 4) Everyone makes mistakes, and _, he is only a child. 5) The book has some weak spots, but _ I consider it a success

23、. For all above all in all after all all in all 14. 翻译： I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着为自己 忧伤。 巩固练习： 1 _production up by 60， the company has had another excellent year A As B For C With D Through 2 The weather_ so bad， we had to put the ga

24、me off A. was B. is C. were D. being 3. The boy seated himself in the corner with his back _ to his father. A. turning B. to turn C. to be turned D. turned 4. There _ no classes yesterday， we paid a visit to the Great Wall. A. was B. being C. were D. had been 5. The problem _ ， the meeting came to t

25、he end. A. settled B. was settled C. have been settled D. settling 6. She was too nervous to speak with so many eyes _ on her. A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixed D. were fixed 7. _， the girls raced on to the second runners. A. Stick in hands B. With a stick in her hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in

26、hands 8. The boy lay on the ground， his eyes _ and his hands _ . A. being closed； trembling B. closed； trembling C. closed； trembled D. closing； trembled Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which

27、D. that (1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that (2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that (3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign la

28、nguages. A. it B. them C. which D. that (1) There I met several people, two of _ being foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that (2) There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners. A. which B. whom C. who D. that (3) There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners. A. which B. them

29、 C. whom D. that 当 A as well as B的短语为主语时 ,谓语动词与 A保持 一致 .如 : His wife as well as his children was invited to the party. He as well as I wants to go boating. Air, as well as water, is needed to make plants grow. 空气和水都是植物生长所必需的。 他是一个好老师，同时也是一个出色的足球球员。 He is a great teacher as well as a excellent soccer

30、 player. 12. As well as going to as well 也 ,还 ,同样 常放句末作状语 ,前面不用逗号分开 ; 有时也放于 句首 ,后面常用逗号分开 . 如 : I can see how English is used in everyday life as well. As well, I can see how English is used in everyday life. 13. make fun of = play a joke on sb. 取笑 Its bad manners to make fun of disabled people. for

31、fun/in fun为了玩乐 ;开玩笑地 have fun玩乐 make fun of sb. make a fool of sb. laugh at sb. play a joke on sb. play a trick on sb. tease sb about sth. 选词填空 : make fun of, in fun, have fun 1) The kids at school used to _ Jills clothes. 2) Dont get upset. He said it was only _. 3) We _ in camping last week. 4) It

32、s cruel to _ the disabled. make fun of in fun had fun make fun of 16. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. 要接受他们 ，给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你 一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。 15. as rich and full a life 当 as, so,how等后面的名词是可数单数名词时 ,把 形容词放在冠词之前 .如 : so cold a day H

33、ow clever a boy he is! 如果是复数或不可数名词 ,不能用 as, so等 ,要用 such. what,形容词须放在冠词之后 .如 : such interesting people such cold weather such an important meeting. What a clever boy he is! as + 形容词 +a/an +名词 +as 11. Why has his fellow students conduct changed towards Marty? n. 行为；品行 他言行不一。 His conduct disagree with

34、 his words vt. conduct 指挥 , 管理 ,进行 ,引导 ,传导 (光、电等 ) conduct sb. to some place 带领某人去某地 conduct sb. around some place 带领某人参观某地 conduct /show ab. in/out 引领某人进来 (出去 ) conduct oneself conduct a survey/an experiment 进行调查 (实验 ) 派生词： n. (热或电等能量的 )传导 ; 输送 n. 售票员 ; 管理者 ;指挥 ;导体 举止 ; 表现 conduction conductor 小试牛刀

35、 1) He is respected by his colleagues because he always _ himself well. A. shows B. conducts C. praises D. reflects 2) As is known to all, rubber does not _ electricity. A. conduct B. carry C. take D. load I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母 或汉语提示 , 写出各单词的正确形式。 1. I spilt your coffee. Sorry that was _ (笨拙的 ) of me

36、. 2. Some people think children a_ to new environments more easily than adults. 3. John is the top student in our class and his m_ is “Work hard, play hard.” clumsy adapt motto 4. The doctor was examining the blood samples under the _ (显 微镜 ) when he came in. 5. She was really _ (愚蠢的 ) to give up su

37、ch a good position. microscope stupid 6. The little boy was anxious to join his f_ playing football in the playground. 7. You should buy some water _ (缸 ) for your fish rather than keep them in the bowls. fellows tanks II. 用下列短语的正确形式填空。 adapt to adapt from in other words make fun of after all out of

38、 breath keep ones word 1) He has promised to help you and Im sure he _. 2) This novel _the Russian original for radio. will keep his word has been adapted from 3) Dont blame him too much. _, he is a small child. 4) Its bad manners _ the disabled people. 5) We ran so fast that we were _. After all to

39、 make fun of out of breath 6) He is quick _ new circumstances. 7) Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard _, you failed. to adapt to in other words III. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译 成英语。 1. 他们请他走人 , 也就是说 , 他被解雇了。 (in other words) 2. 我一路跑到学校 , 上气不接下气。 (out of breath) They asked him

40、to leave in other words, he was fired. I ran to the school all the way and was out of breath. 3. 他有他的缺点 , 但总的说来 , 他是一个 好孩子。 (all in all) 4. 我不喜欢别人在公共场合取笑我。 (make fun of) He has his faults, but, all in all, he is a good child. I hate being made fun of in public. 1.他适应了伦敦寒冷的天气。 2.良好的饮食对健康有益。 3.取笑残疾人是很

41、残忍 (cruel)的事。 4.他总来打扰 (interrupt)我们，这使我很生气。 5.总的来说，他的健康状况 (condition)大大好转。 1.He has adapted to the cold weather in London. 2.A good diet is beneficial to health. 3.Its cruel to make fun of disabled people. 4.I am annoyed with him because he kept interrupting us. 5.All in all, his condition is greatl

42、y improved. 1. in particular = particularly 特别地 ;特别是 especially 特别 ; 尤其 specially 特意地 ; 专门地 E.g. 1) It was a good concert - I enjoyed the last song in particular. 2) Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about? 3) Why do you choose that one in particular. 4) He came earlier specia

43、lly to find a seat in the front. 5) Its very cold here, especially in winter. specially Vs especially Vs particularly specially 意为 “ 专门的 ;特意地 ” ,表示为 一特殊目的而做 . 而 especially 常和 particularly 换用 , 意为 “ 尤其 ;特别 ” , 表示一种程度 . E.g. 1) Smith went to New York specially to say goodbye to his former teacher. 2)

44、Crime is growing at a rapid rate, especially / particularly in urban area. 另外 , 作为形容词时 , special 意为 “ 专门的 ” ;而 particular 意为 “ (个别 )特殊的 ” . especial一般不用 . 1.Laws are for all people, not for some _ ones. 2.Noise is unpleasant, _ when you want to settle down. 3.I keep this suit for _ occasions. partic

45、ular special especially/particularly access n. 接近 ; 进入 ; 使用 access to accessible adj. 可接近的 ; 可进入的 ; 可使用的 Because of the snow, the village was not _ by car. A. acceptable B. approachable C. available D. accessible D 2. access 进入 /到达 的通路 /方法 ; 拥有 的机会 E.g. 1) The only access to the farmhouse is to cros

46、s the fields but the climate there is terrific. 2) Only the high officials have access to the building. 3.dignity: U 庄重 ;庄严 ; 尊严 ; 自尊 ; 高尚 ;高贵 . E.g. 1. Only a truly free person has human dignity. 2. She kept her dignity despite the booing. 3. The Queen conferred the dignity of a peerage on him. 4. Its difficult to preserve your dignity when you do not have home and job. 高贵 , 尊严 端庄的仪态 高贵的职衔 beneath your dignity stand on your dignity 有失尊严 ; 有失身份 保持尊严 要求受到应有的礼遇 ; 保持尊严