中考英语阅读理解单元测试(含解析) (二)

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1、中考英语阅读理解单元测试（含解析）（2）一、中考英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）1.阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。On March 10,2019,eight-year-old Tani won the New York Chess Championship（纽约象棋冠军赛）of his age group.But the boy,who was homeless at the time,began learning the gameless than a year ago.Tani and his family arrived in New York Cit

2、y from Africa in 2017.A church helped him enter theprimary school,P.S,116.Here the gifted boy was first introduced to chess by a part-time teacherMakofsky,owner of a chess club.Interested in the game,the seven-year-old asked his mother toallow him to join the club.Not able to afford the chess classe

3、s,she emailed Makofsky.To hersurprise and joy,Makofsky agreed that Tani could learn it for free.Though the chess club helps,its largely believed that Tanis success lies in his hard work.Theboy practices the game for many hours a day on the floor with his board.Every Saturday,Tanigoes to a free 3-hou

4、r class to improve his game skills.Not surprisingly,Tanis story,first reported by The New York Times,has brought him greatsupport from the American public.Soon after the young boy won the New York Championship,Makofsky began a GoFundMe activity for Tani and his family so that he could continue his c

5、hessjourney.It raised$200,000 in just ten days,far more than they expected.And the money keepscoming,But the family donates（捐赠）most of the money to the church and to those poorfamilies.Tani has also received offers from three famous private schools in New York.However,thefamily have politely refused

6、 all of them and chosen to continue Tanis education at P.S.116.The young boys story also caught the eye of Bill Clinton,the 42nd U S President.Tani,yourean example of a winning spirit-in chess and in life.Id love to meet you,he said on hisFacebook.While excited about his new life,Tani is ready to me

7、et great challenges（拟 k战）.He is busypreparing for the 2019 National Primary Championships.Winning the competition will bring thechess player closer to his dream of becoming the worlds youngest chess grandmaster（大见j）.The record has been kept for 17 years by the R ussian chess player Karjakin,who won

8、the title atthe age of 12.（1）Tani began to learn chess at the age of.A.seven B.eight C.nine D.twelve（2）Paragraph 3 is mainly about.A.where Tani practises chess B.how hard Tani works at chessC.what Tanis mother does for himD.how much the chess club helps(3)After winning the New York Championship,T an

9、i.A.hoped to see Bill Clinton B.went to a famous private schoolC.became the richest boy in New York D.got much support from the society(4)The writer mentions the R ussian chess player Karjakin to.A.call on young people to learn chessB.introduce his grit achievements in chessC.show its a big challeng

10、e for Tani to realize his dreamD.tell people Tani has been the worlds best chess player【答案】(1)A(2)B(3)D(4)C【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是八岁的男孩T ani在 2019年 3 月 1 0 日获得纽约象棋冠军。2017年他和家人从非洲来到纽约市。在教主的帮助下进入P.S.116小学。在这里他被介绍给一个象棋俱乐部的主人，由于付不起学费，他 妈 妈 给 Makofsky写信，结果Makofsky同意T ani免费学习。由于学习努力他获得了冠军。他的故事被纽约时报报道，人们给他捐了$

11、200,000美元。但是他的家人把这些钱的大部分给了教堂和那些贫困的家庭。纽约很多著名的私立学校让他去上学但是他决绝了，继续在P.S.116小学学习。他的故事被每个 的 4 2 届总统比尔克林的知晓，他说 希望能见到你”。当他对新生活很激动时，他准备接受新的挑战。他希望成为世界上最年轻的象棋大师。(1)细节理解题。根据 On March 10,2019,eight-year-old Tani won the New York ChessChampionship(纽约象棋冠军赛)of his age group.和 Tani and his family arrived in New YorkC

12、ity from Africa in 2017.A church helped him enter the primary school,P.S,116.Here the giftedboy was first introduced to chess by a part-time teacher Makofsky,owner of a chess club.可知T ani在七岁的时候开始练象棋。故选A。(2)推理判断题。根据 The boy practices the game for many hours a day on the floor with hisboard.Every Satu

13、rday,Tani goes to a free 3-hour class to improve his game skills.可知 Tani 练习象棋很辛苦的。故选B。(3)推理判断题。根据 Not surprisingly,Tanis story,first reported by The New York Times,hasbrought him great support from the American public,可知在获得纽约竞标赛冠军后，他得到了很多来自社会的帮助，故选D。(4)推理判断题。根据 While excited about his new life,Tani

14、is ready to meet great challenges(拟 k战).Winning the competition will bring the chess player closer to his dream of becomingthe worlds youngest chess grandmaster（大师）.The record has been kept for 17 years by theR ussian chess player Karjakin,who won the title at the age of 12.因为俄罗斯的象棋选手也是是很小年纪成为象棋大师的，

15、并且这个记录保持了 17年，可知T ani要想成为年级最小的象棋大师有很多的挑战。故选C。【点评】此题考查阅读理解。对于推理判断题，要根据文章的细节，仔细阅读。理解细节内容，推理判断，得出正确答案。对于细节理解题可直接从短文的细节中找出问题答案。2.阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。On April 26,2017,a big Chinese ship caught the eyes of the whole world.Chinas firsthomemade aircraft carrier(航空母舰)hit the water in Dalian,Lia

16、oning.The new big ship is Chinas second aircraft carrier.It was designed in China and built in China,too.It is about 315 meters long and 75 meters wide.That is a bit larger than three soccer fields.An aircraft carrier is like an airport on the sea.It can carry planes and troops to war.Planes flyfrom

17、 the carrier and land back on it,and soldiers work and live on it,too.But building an aircraftcarrier is like an airport on the sea.It can carry planes and troops to war.Planes fly from thecarrier and land back on it,and soldiers work and live on it,too.But building an aircraft carrier isso hard and

18、 expensive.It costs a lot of money and needs a large amount of steel and otherspecial materials.For example,a basic aircraft carrier is made of 60,000 tons of steel.It also usescomplex(复杂的)technologies,including radar,electrics,mechanics and weapons.Finally,ittakes years to build one.Today,not many

19、countries own an aircraft carrier or have the ability tobuild one.China has become the seventh country in the world that can build an aircraft carrier byitself after the U SA,R ussia,England,France,Italy and Spain.(1)In which year did Chinas first homemade aircraft carrier hit the water?A.In 2017.B.

20、In 2016.C.In 2018.D.In 2019.(2)Whats the best title of this passage?A.An Airport on the SeaB.China Has Bought the Second Aircraft CarrierC.Chinas Homemade Aircraft CarrierD.The Sixth Country to Build an Aircraft Carver(3)What is not needed to build the aircraft carrier?A.special materials B.technolo

21、gies C.steel D.wood(4)How many aircraft carriers does China have according to the passage?A.one B.two C.three D.four(5)How does the writer feel about the homemade aircraft carrier in China?A.proudB.worriedC.upsetD.hopeless【答案】（1）A(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)A【解析】【分析】主要讲了中国第一个国产的航空母舰在大连辽宁下水。(1)细节题。根据 On April 26,

22、2017,a big Chinese ship caught the eyes of the whole world.Chinas first homemade aircraft carrier(航 空 母 舰)hit the water in Dalian,Liaoning,可知是在2017年，故选A。(2)主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了中国第一个国产的航空母舰在大连辽宁下水，故选C。(3)名田节题。根据 It costs a lot of money and needs a large amount of steel and other specialmaterials.For exampl

23、e,a basic aircraft carrier is made of 60,000 tons of steel.It also usescomplex(复杂的)technologies,including radar,electrics,mechanics and weapons 可矢口材料有钢铁、特殊的材料和科技。没有木头，故选D。(4)细节题，根据 The new big ship is Chinas second aircraft carrier.新的大船是中国第二个航空母舰，所以一共有2 个航空母舰，故选B。(5)细节题。根据 On April 26,2017,a big Chi

24、nese ship caught the eyes of the whole world.可知中国制造的航空母舰吸引了全世界的眼球，所以作者感到骄傲，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3.根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。Do you often listen to music at loud volumes(音量)?You should know that this habit is badfor your hearing.Over 1 billion young people are at

25、risk of hearing loss(听力丧失)，because oflistening to loud noise for long periods of time.Listening to music or watching a TV show at loudvolumes can harm your hearing.The U nited Nations has standards for safe listening.It is not safe to listen to sounds that arelouder than 85 dB(分 贝)for eight hours or

26、 100 dB for 15 minutes.The sound of a busy road isabout 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.Loud noise is harmful to the inner 二 Most of us are bon with about 16,000 hair cells(听毛细胞)in our inner ears.These cells notice sounds.However,listening to loud noise for a long timecan m

27、ake these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die.This is what causes hearingloss.Once this happens,it*s hard to get your hearing back.Some people might think that their music isnt all that loud.But this can depend on where youare.For example,if you are in a noisy place like the subway,you

28、 might turn up your music tooloud without realizing it.Later,when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place,youalight feel uncomfortableThe safe level for most sound is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week.A level of 80 dB isabout equal to(相当于)the noise of a subway.Here is some advice on

29、 safe listening.Overtheear headphones(头戴式耳机)are betterthan inear ones.They do a better job of stopping outside noise,so you can listen at a lowervolume.Dont listen to loud music on your headphones for a long time.Follow the 60:60 rule:listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones maximum volume f

30、or no more than 60 minutesa day.(1)It is safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 100 dB for 15 minutes(2)Listening to loud noise for a long time can cause some hair cells in the inner ear to die.(3)From the fourth paragraph,we know people dont always realize how loud their music is.(4)Inear he

31、adphones are better than overtheeat ones because they can stop moreoutside noise.(5)This article mainly tells us why ears are an important part of our bodies.【答案】(1)0(2)1(3)1(4)0(5)0【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了听大音量音乐的习惯对听力有害。世界卫生组织称，超 过 10亿的年轻人在听力方面存在问题，因为他们长时间大声聆听。联合国有安全聆听标准。听八十小时大于85分贝或15分钟大声100分钟的声音是不安全的

32、。长时间聆听大声的声音可能会使这些细胞工作太猛，并使其中一些细胞死亡。这就是人们听力损失的原因。(1)判断正误题。根据 It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB(分 贝)foreight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes.可知挺高于85分贝八个小时或者100分贝15分钟是不安全的。故答案为错误。(2)判断正误题。根据 However;listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cellswork too hard and

33、 cause some of them to d ie.可知听大声的噪音很长时间能使这些耳毛细胞工作太猛，造成一些耳毛细胞死亡，故答案为正确。(3)判断正误题。根 据 if you are in a noisy place like the subway,you might turn up yourmusic too loud without realizing it.可知如果你在像地铁这样吵闹的地方，你可能无意识的把声音调到太大，可知第四段告诉我们人们不总是能意识到他们的音乐有多大声，故答案为正确。(4)判断正误题。根据 Overtheear headphones(头戴式耳机)are bet

34、ter than inearones.They do a better job of stopping outside noise,so you can listen at a lower volume.可知头戴式耳机比置入式耳机更好，故答案为错误。(5)判断正误题。通读全文可知大意是：听大声的音乐对听力有害，不是讲耳朵是人体重要的组成部分，故答案为错误。【点评】考查阅读理解能力，首先通读全文，掌握大意，然后根据细节判断所给句子的正确，注意要找到依据。4.阅读理解John Brown,an office worker,lives in Washington.He inherited$1,000

35、,000 after his parentsdied.He didnt feel happy at all.His college friends were looking for their first jobs,but he didnthave to.John decided to keep living a simple life like everyone else.He didnt tell any of hisfriends and gave$100,000 of his money to a charity that helped poor children.Today he i

36、s 36,andhe still wears cheap clothes and drives a small car only,but he is much happier.So far;John has helped 15 children from poor countries all over the world,$200 a month foreach.The child does not receive the money in cash(现 金),The money is paid for the childseducation,food,medical care and clo

37、thing.John receives a report each year on the childsprogress.They can write to each other;but usually the children do not speak English.Once John went to meet a little girl he was helping in Africa.He said that the meeting wasexciting.When I met her,I felt very happy.He said.I saw that the money was

38、 used for a verygood plan.It brought me closer to the child in a way that only giving money cannot.I want todo everything I can.I will go on helping those children in need.he added.(1)John is living a_life.A.poor B.simple C.hard D.rich(2)What does the underlined word inherited mean in Chinese?A.继承 B

39、.捡拾 C.馈赠 D.赚取(3)According to the passage,which of the following is TR U E?A.The child can receive the money in cash.B.John only helps the poor children in Africa.C.John has never seen the children he is helping.D.John has helped 15 children from different countries.(4)Why did John think the meeting

40、with the little girl was very exciting?A.Because the girl came from Africa.B.Because the girl could speak English.C.Because he saw the money was well used.D.Because he thought he had given money to the girl.(5)Where can you probably read this passage?A.In a newspaper.B.In a science report.C.In a nov

41、el.D.In an ad.【答案】(1)B(2)A(3)D(4)C(5)A【解析】【分析】短文大意：文章讲述了 John Brown继承了父母的财产后，过着简单的生活,容纳后捐钱做慈善去帮助穷孩子。(1)细节理解题。根据 John decided to keep living a simple life like everyone else 约翰决定像其他人一样过简朴的生活。故选B。(2)词意猜测题.根据He inherited$1,000,000 after his parents died他父母去世后继承了 100万英镑.可知inherite意思是继承，故选A。(3)细节理解题。根据 S

42、o far,John has helped 15 children from poor countries all over thew orld,到目前为止，约翰已经帮助了世界上15个贫穷国家的儿童。选 D。(4)细节理解题。根 据 I saw that the money was used for a very good plan.我看至!J钱被用于一个非常好的计划.可知是因为因为他看到钱用得很好。故选C。(5)文章出处题。根据 文章讲述了 John Brown继承了父母的财产后帮助穷孩子的事，可知是从报纸上可以看到。故选A。【点评】此题考查阅读理解。文章涉及到细节理解题，词意猜测题和文章出

43、处题。对于细节理解题，要从文章的细节中找出问题的答案。对于词意猜测题，要根据上下文的联系推测划线部分的词在文章的意思。对于文章的出处题要根据文章的内容确定。5.阅读短文，根据短文内容，从下面各小题所给的四个备选项中，选出最佳选项。Long long ago,there was a beautiful little girl.She was alone because she had no family andno home.She only had her clothes and some bread.But she was very kind.A man asked her if she h

44、ad something to eat.She gave him her bread.A child cried and toldher that his head was very cold.So she gave him her hat.Then,she met a child with no coat.Shegave him her coat.One day,in the cold dark forest,she met another child who asked for her dress.The little girlthought that it was dark and no

45、body could see her,so she gave her dress away.At last,she hadalmost nothing:no family,no where to live,nothing to eat and little to wear.Suddenly,stars fell from the sky.These stars became pieces of money and a beautiful dress.The little girl was rich for the rest of her life and she still helped th

46、e people in need with hermoney.(1)The beautiful little girl was_because she had no family and no home.A.lazyB.aloneC.richD.thin(2)When she met a child with no coat,she gave him herA.bread B.hat C.coat(3),she gave her dress away.A.In an old house B.In the forest C.In the sky(4)_fell from the sky beca

47、me pieces of money and a beautiful dress.A.The hat B.The coat C.The bread(5)The little girl was rich for the rest of her life because of her_.A.kindness B.family C.beauty【答案】(1)BD.moneyD.At homeD.The starsD.Dress(2)C(3)B(4)D(5)A【解析】【分析】主要讲了很久以前一个无家可归的小女孩把自己的衣服和面包都给了他人，之后星星变为金钱和漂亮的裙子，小女孩后半生富裕，并且帮助需要帮

48、助的人。(1)细节理解题。根据 She was alone because she had no family and no hom e,可知她很孤独，因为她没有家人也没有家，故选B。(2)细节理解题。根据 Then,she met a child with no coat.She gave him her co a t,可知她遇到了一个没有外套的孩子，她把外套给他了，故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据 One day,in the cold dark forest,she met another child who askedfor her dress一天，在寒冷黑暗的森林里，她遇到了另一个要她

49、的裙子的孩子，可知是在森林里，故选B。(4)细节理解题。根据 Suddenly,stars fell from the sky.These stars became pieces ofmoney and a beautiful dress突然，星星从天而降.这些星星变成了金钱和漂亮的衣服，可知是星星，故选D。(5)细节理解题。根据 The little girl was rich for the rest of her life and she still helped thepeople in need with her money这个小女孩余生都很富有，她仍然用她的钱帮助那些需要帮助的人，

50、可知因为小女孩很善良，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。6.阅 读理解When you speak to foreigners,what will you do if you cant understand their languages?Willyou use your body language to help you,or just say sorry to them and then go away?Learningspoken language is very important,but learning local gestures(手势)is

51、also very necessary.I often use gestures to communicate with someone whose language I dont know.We use ourhands to talk with each other.Although we dont understand the others words,our handmovements make our conversation more necessary.However,gestures arent always clear.Different gestures may have

52、different meanings in differentcountries and cultures.In many countries,people move their hands at someone to call him to come near.In theU nited States,people usually move hands at somebody with their palms(手掌)up andsometimes move just one finger.But in many countries in Asia,hand movements like th

53、at wouldbe impolite.In Asia,many people move hands at someone with their palms down using allfingers.Do you use your thumb,your thick short finger to make gestures?In western countries,thumbs-up means agreement.But it is very rude in parts of Africa.If you want to say OK in America,you can make a ci

54、rcle with the thumb and the secondfinger.But in France,it means zero,and it is very rude in many other countries.You can use your second finger to point at something but not at somebody in the U nitedStates.However,in some parts of Europe,Asia and Africa,pointing at anything with ones secondfinger i

55、s not polite.V form is often used when people take photos.But using two fingers to make up the Vushape means peace in the West.The last example is that people in parts of Asia point to their noses to mean themselves,butpeople in western countries usually point to their chests.Gestures are important,

56、but also have different meanings.(1)lt*s OK in to call someone to come near by moving just one finger.A.America B.Asia C.Africa D.Europe(2)According to the passage,we can learn t hat.A.pointing one finger at someone in the U nited States is sometimes allowedB.using thumbs-up as your body language is

57、 very rude in parts of AfricaC.making a circle with the thumb and the next finger means0in AmericaD.using two fingers to make up the V shape means success in the West(3)There are examples of different gestures in the passage.A.five B.six C.seven D.eight(4)The best title of this passage can be.A.Work

58、 Hard to Learn Different Cultures around the WorldB.Talk to Other People with Spoken Language SuccessfullyC.DifferentGestures Are Difficult to U nderstand and LearnD.Make Sure Your Gestures Are Saying What You Want to Say【答案】(1)A(2)B(3)B(4)D【解析】【分析】文章大意：实例说明在不同的国家和文化中，不同的手势可能有不同的含义。(1)细节理解题。根据文中的语句

59、In many countries,people move their hands at someone tocall him to come near.In the U nited States,people usually move hands at somebody with theirpalms(手 掌)up and sometimes move just one finger.理解可知，在美国可以用一个手指，向某人挥手让他过来，故选A。(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 In many countries,people move their hands at someone tocal

60、l him to come near.In the U nited States,people usually move hands at somebody with theirpalms(手掌)up and sometimes move just one finger.But in many countries in Asia,handmovements like that would be impolite.可知，在亚洲的一些国家，手掌向上的手语是不礼貌的，故选B。(3)理解归纳题。通读全文可知，此文一共列举了 6 个不同的手势，故选B。(4)标题归纳题。通读全文语句理解可知，不同的国家或

61、地区，手势不同其代表的含义也不同，一定要弄清它们具体的含义，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。本题涉及细节理解题和标题归纳题。做题的时候，先从题目中找到一个关键词，再定位原文，找到答案。7.阅读理解There are many kinds of music in the world,pop music,classical music,folk music and so on.Do you know country music?Its a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America.Ilike it very much!

62、It will take me away for a while after I am tired.The guitars and songs will takeme to mountains and fields.Country music usually talks of everyday life and feeling.Its like the spirit of America,easy tounderstand,slow and simple.Country music developed in the Southern U nited States.It was the folk

63、 music of Americancountryside.Many of songs tell about the lives of farmers.They talk about love,crops or death.The life of the countryside can be hard,so the words in country music are often sad.At first,people played the music only at family parties.But it became more popular later.In the 1920s,pe

64、ople played country songs on the radio,andthey made them into records.When people in the countryside moved to towns and cities to look for work,they took theirmusic with them.Country music continued to change and became popular across America.John Denver was one of Americas most famous country singe

65、rs in the 1970s.His song TakeMe Home,Country R oads is well-known and people still play it today.(1)Country music developed i n.A.John Denvers city B.the Northern U nited StatesC.the Southern U nited States D.the Western U nited States(2)People began to make country songs r e c o r d s.A.in 1920 B.i

66、n the 1920s C.in the 1970s D.in 1970(3)Why did country music become popular in America?A.Because city people liked the music.B.Because farmers moved to cities with their music and it continued to change.C.Because country music talked about city peoples lives.D.Because people in the city moved to the countryside.【答案】(1)C(2)B(3)B【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了美国乡村音乐的发展及特点。(1)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 Country music developed in the Southern U nited States.可知，乡村音乐在美国南部发展起来。故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 In the 1920s,people played count